Objective To propose a decision tree-based early warning model so as to predict the medical equipment quantity and quality under special conditions to quantize maintenance and detection staffs allocation,components supply,emergency planning and etc.Methods A data set was established based on the verification report,data on performance parameters detection and daily management log,and then underwent pretreatment.A decision tree came into being with the algorithms of ID3,CHAID and etc.The data rule corresponding to the decision tree was transformed into a series of early warning information.The model was verified by applying it to medical equipment usage management.Results The decision tree developed was applied to analyzing a vehicle-mounted water purifying device maintenance and usage records in some logistics support vehicle,and it's found the main factors contributing to the failures included migration distance along non-paved road,ambient temperature and service time.Conclusion The decision tree-based early warning model for medical equipment quantity and quality gains high feasibility and practical values.

BACKGROUND: Hippocampus is an important region involved in learning and memory. Some methods for freshly isolated hippocampal pyramidal neurons have been described. These methods need multiple enzymes or the procedure is complex.OBJECTIVE: To acquire large quantities of hippocampal neurons from rats suitable for patch clamp study.DESIGN: An animal experimental observation.SETTING: Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University.MATERIALS: The experiments were carried out in the Medical Experimental Center, School of Medicine, Xi'an Jiao Tong University between March and October 2004. The animals were the 10-15-day-old SpragueDawley rats, bothmale and female.METHODS: Hippocampal pyramidal neurons were freshly isolated. Delayed rectifier potassium current and voltage-gated Ca2 + currents were recorded by whole-cell patch clamp configuration.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Acute isolated neurons were observed with a Leica microscope. Recordings of delayed rectifier potassium currents and voltage-gated Ca2+ currents were obtained.RESULTS: ① Under the inverted microscope, the acute isolated neurons had a smooth and glassy surface, a three-dimensional contour, a pyramidal shape with a longer apical dendrite and several basal dendrites. ② After the whole cell recording configuration was formed, voltage-gated barium currents through calcium channels were elicited by 200 ms depolarizing potential from -70 mV to +20 mV, with an increment of 10 mV, a holding potential was -90 mV. Delayed rectifier potassium current (Ikd) was elicited by a protocol consisting of a multiple depolarizing pulses (-60 mV to +50 mV),preceded by a single prepulse step to -50 rmV, with inactivated transient outward potassium currents from a holding potential of -80 mV.CONCLUSION: This method is simple and ideal for the dissociation of neurons from rat hippocampus, and offers a powerful tool for functional analysis of ion channels by patch clamp.

Objective To examine the levels of serum adipunectin (ADPN)in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD), and identify the relationship between serum ADPN and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, high sensitivity C-reactive protein(hs-CRP) and renal function. Methods Sixty ESRD patients and twenty normal healthy persons were involved in this study. The patients were divided into three groups: patients with chronic renal failure (CRF, 18 cases), patients with hemodialysis (HD,22 cases) and patients with peritoneal dialysis (PD,20 cases). The levels of serum ADPN, TNF-α and hs-CRP were detected by means of ELISA. Differences in continuous variables be-tween the three groups were evaluated. Results The levels of serum ADPN, TNF-α and hs-CRP in CRF, HD and PD patients were signifi-cantly higher than those in control group ( P<0.01 ). Serum ADPN levels in ESRD patients were positive related to serum TNF-α( r≥0.478, P<0.01 ), and negative related to GFR ( r≥-0.582, P<0.01 ). Conclusion The level of serum ADPN was markedly in-creased in patients with ESRD, and correlated with serum TNF-α level and.renal function.

Adult ; Aged ; Breast Neoplasms ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Radiography

Objective To determine the incidence and risk factors of iatrogenic retinal breaks in eyes undergoing pars plana vit- rectomy for idiopathic macular pucker.Design Retrospective case series.Participant 88 consecutive vitrectomies performed on eyes with idiopathic macular pucker.Method Consecutive vitrectomies performed on eyes with idiopathic macular pucker at Beijing Tongren Eye Center between 2002 and 2006 were retrospectively reviewed.Cases with iatrogenic retinal breaks were recorded and analyzed. Main Outcome Measure Number and location of retinal breaks,and anatomic outcome after surgical managements.Result A total of 88 consecutive vitrectomies were included in the study.Of the 88 eyes,8 eyes had 14 iatrogenic retinal breaks detected,with an aver- age incidence of 9.1%.Peripheral retinal breaks(8.0%)were more common than posterior retinal breaks(1.1%).All peripheral retinal breaks occurred around the selerotomy sites(100%)and the quadrant of predominant hand was involved most commonly(62%).Most of the breaks(88%)were detected during the surgery.All eyes with iatrogenic retinal breaks obtained anatomic retinal reattachment (100%).Conclusion Despite improvements in instrumentation and surgical techniques,iatrogenic retinal break continues to be an im- portant complication of pars plana vitrectomy in eyes with idiopathic macular pucker.This complication tends to occur more commonly at peripheral retina and is mainly selerotomy-related.

AIMTo approach the protective effect of low dose gentamicin against high ototoxic dose of gentamicin.

METHODSThe guinea pigs were randomly divided into four groups: control group, low dose group, low dose protective group and high dose group. Each group received multiple intraperitoneal injections of gentamicin sulphate within different durations. Auditory brain stem response (ABR) was examined one day previous to the first and 24 h after the final injection respectively. The bulla was taken out so that the content of NO, MDA and the activity of LDH in cochlear were determined.

RESULTSThe threshold of ABR was significantly lower in low dose protective group compared with high dose group (P < 0.01). The content of NO (15.86 +/- 1.98 nmol/mg pro) and MDA (19.14 +/- 0.96 nmol/mg pro) in homogenate of high dose group was significantly higher than that of control group, low does group and low does protective group (P < 0.01). The increase of the content of NO and MDA induced by high dose GM could be significantly decreased by low dose GM administration previous to high dose injection (P < 0.01). The activity of LDH in homogenate of high dose group was significantly higher compared with control group, low dos group and low dos protective group (P < 0.01). There was no statistically significant difference of content of NO and MDA among control group, low does group and low does protective group.

CONCLUSIONThe protective effects resulting from previous low dose administration to high dose injection of GM may be related to the decrease of content of NO and MDA and activity of LDH both of which induced by high dose GM.

Animals ; Cochlea ; metabolism ; Evoked Potentials, Auditory, Brain Stem ; physiology ; Female ; Gentamicins ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Guinea Pigs ; Hearing Loss ; chemically induced ; prevention & control ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism

Neurogranin, a neuron-specific postsynaptic protein, has been considered to play an important role in synaptic plasticity and learning and memory. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of prenatal restraint stress on neurogranin expression in rat offspring hippocampus. Pregnant rats were given a restraint stress (3 times a day for 7 d, 45 min each time) at the late stage of gestation except that in the control group. The offspring rats were divided into four groups: female control group, male control group, female stress group and male stress group. Expression of neurogranin was determined by immunohistochemistry and Western blot. The results showed that neurogranin-positive immunostaining was detected in all areas of the hippocampus. The staining density was stronger in the CA1 and CA3 regions than that in the dentate gyrus (DG) region. Western blot assay showed that neurogranin protein level in female and male prenatal stressed offspring was significantly lower than that in the controls (P<0.01). Neurogranin level was significantly lower in the female stress group than that in the male stress group, whereas there was no significant gender difference in the control group. Immunohistochemical data further confirmed these results. The present study provides evidence that prenatal restraint stress induces gender-dependent decrease in neurogranin expression in the offspring hippocampus. The prenatal restraint stress-induced decrease in neurogranin expression in the hippocampus might be associated with the deficit in spatial learning and memory reported previously.
Animals ; Blotting, Western ; Female ; Hippocampus ; chemistry ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Neurogranin ; analysis ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Restraint, Physical ; Stress, Psychological ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo find the effects of lead taken by pregnant mice on learning and memory and the expression of synaptosomal-associated protein (SNAP)-25 mRNA and protein, in order to reveal the mechanism of neurotoxicity induced by lead.

METHODSLead exposure was conducted through freely drinking the corresponding lead acetate solutions with dosages of 0.3, 1.0, 3.0 g/L respectively. Each group was composed of 10 mice. 7, 14 and 21 days after their birth. The lead contents in blood and hippocampus of the offspring were determined. At the 21st day the expression of SNAP-25 mRNA and protein in hippocampus of all the offspring in various dosages groups were determined by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry assay.

RESULTSThe lead contents in blood and hippocampus of various lead exposed groups were significantly higher than those of the control group (P < 0.05). The lead levels in blood and hippocampus changed accordingly to the days of growth. In Water Morris Maze experiment, the result of 0.3 g/L group was not significantly different from that of the control group (P > 0.05), however, the results of 1.0, 3.0 g/L groups (5.89 ± 0.54, 9.53 ± 1.03) were significantly different from those of the control group (1.73 ± 0.07) (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). The expression of SNAP-25 mRNA and protein was lower in lead exposed groups than that of the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONMaternal lead exposure may induce the damage in the ability of learning and memory of the offspring. The neurotoxicity of lead may be induced by decreasing the expression of SNAP-25 mRNA and protein so as to affect the release of neurotransmitter from presynaptic terminal resulted in nerve damages.

Animals ; Female ; Hippocampus ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Lead ; toxicity ; Maternal Exposure ; Maze Learning ; drug effects ; Memory ; drug effects ; Mice ; Pregnancy ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Synaptosomal-Associated Protein 25 ; metabolism

Adolescent ; Diskectomy ; Female ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; physiopathology ; surgery ; therapy ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; physiopathology ; surgery ; Male ; Postoperative Period ; Time Factors ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDPrevious researches about necrotic pancreatic tissue infections are numerous, but the study on systemic infection related to the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) treatment period is limited. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients who had hepatobiliary surgery for SAP during the past three years.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted on the distribution, category and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients who had hepatobiliary surgery for SAP from 2008 to 2011.

RESULTSA total of 594 pathogenic bacteria samples were isolated. Among them 418 isolates (70.4%) were Gram bacteria negative, 142 isolates (23.9%) were Gram bacteria positive, and 34 isolates (5.7%) were found fungi. The most common Gram negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (19.8%), and the dominant Gram positive pathogenic bacteria were Enterococcus faecium. The distribution of SAP-related infectious pathogens was mainly in peritoneal drainage fluid, sputum, bile, and wound secretions. Almost all the Gram negative pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to carbapenum. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains were more resistant to penicillins and cephalosprins than the ESBLs non-producing strains. Staphylococcus was sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The drug resistance of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) to commonly used antibiotics was higher than meticillin-sensitive streptococcus (MSS). Enterococcus sp. exhibited lower drug-resistance rates to vancomycin and linezolid.

CONCLUSIONSGram negative bacteria were the dominant SAP-related infection after hepatobiliary surgery. A high number of fungal infections were reported. Drug resistant rates were high. Rational use of antibiotics according to the site of infection, bacterial species and drug sensitivity, correctly executing the course of treatment and enhancing hand washing will contribute to therapy and prevention of SAP-related infection and decrease its mortality.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pancreatitis ; microbiology