Objective To analyze the prevalence of peripheral arterial disease (PAD) in type 2 diabetic patients and its association with traditional and non-traditional risk factors. Methods A total of 420 type 2 diabetic patients with duration exceeding 1 year and without acute myocardial infarction, unstable angina,and infection were evaluated. PAD was diagnosed by ankle-brachial index ≤0.90. Risk factors included age, gender, body mass index, smoking, hypertension, diabetes duration,glycated hemoglobin A[C ( HbA_1C ), uric acid, triglyceride, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol(HDL-C),high sensitive C reactive protein(hs-CRP),fibrinogen,and urinary albumin excretion rate (UAER). Results The prevalence rate of PAD was 16.4%(69/420). Older age, longer diabetes duration,lower HDL-C, higher UAER, hs-CRP and fibrinogen were associated with PAD. Multiple Logistic regression revealed that only age, UAER, hs-CRP and fibrinogen levels were independent risk factors. The prevalence rate of PAD was 4.7%(2/43), 12.9%(27/209) and 23.8%(40/168) in patients of less than 50 years old,50-70 years old and more than 70 years old, and was 7.9%( 14/177),9.3%( 11/118) and 35.2% (44/125) in different hs-CRP group (hs-CRP < 1 mg/L,l-3 mg/L, >3 mg/L), and was 9.7% (30/310) ,34.4%(33/96) and 42.9%(6/14) in normoalbuminuria, microalbuminuria and macroalbuminuria, and was 12.1%(43/356) and 40.6%(26/64) in different fibrinogen levels group (≤4 g/L and > 4 g/L). Conclusions The prevalence rate of PAD is higher in type 2 diabetic patients. Non-traditional cardiovascular risk factors may be involved in the development of PAD.

Ebola virus can cause severe Ebola hemorrhagic fever. The mortality rate is 90 percent. Up till now, there is no effective vaccine or treatment of Ebola virus infection. Relaed researches on Ebola virus have become a hot topic in virology. The understanding of molecular mechanisms of Ebola virus infection of cells are important for the development of vaccine and anti-virus drugs. Therefore, this review summarized the recent research progress on the mechanisms of Ebola virus infection.
Carrier Proteins ; physiology ; Ebolavirus ; pathogenicity ; Hemorrhagic Fever, Ebola ; etiology ; Humans ; Membrane Fusion ; Membrane Glycoproteins ; physiology ; Pinocytosis

Objective To assess the impact of a single hemodialysis on the left ventricular systolic function of uremia patients with 3-dimensional ultrasound speckle tracking imaging (3D-STI).Methods Thirty-seven clinically stable outpatients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis were studied.The echocardiographic examinations were obtained in 30 minutes before and after homodialysis.Twenty nine normal subjects with age and sex matched were selected as control groups.Conventional ultrasound was recorded and then left ventricular mass index(LVMI) was calculated.The peak systolic mitral annular velocity S' was recorded by tissue Doppler imaging.3D-STI imaging were recorded from standard left ventricular apical 4-chamber views before and after a single hemodialysis.Left ventricular end diastolic volume (LVEDV),left ventricular end systolic volume (LVESV),left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF),and left ventricular global longitudinal peak systolic strain (LVGLS),left ventricular global radial peak systolic strain (LVGRS),left ventricular global circumferential peak systolic strain (LVGCS),left ventricular global area peak systolic strain (LVGAS) were measured.The indicators of conventional ultrasound and 3D-STI were compared between the pre-hemodialysis group and the normal control group,and also between pre-and post-hemodialysis groups.Results ①Compared with the control group,the left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVDD),interventrieular septal thickness at diastole (IVSD),left ventricular posterior wall thickness at diastole(LVWPD),left atrial diameter(LAD) in the group before a single hemodialysis were significantly higher (P ＜0.05 for all).Meanwhile,the S' was significantly lower (P ＞0.05) and LVMI was significantly higher in the pre-hemodialysis group than the control group(P ＜ 0.05).The LVDD,LAD,left atrial volume index(LAVI) were significantly lower in the post-hemodialysis group than that in the pre-hemodialysis group(P ＜0.05 for all).②Results of 3D-STI showed that the LVEF,LVGLS,LVGCS,LVGRS,LVGAS was significantly lower,however LVEDV,LVESV were higher in the pre-hemodialysis group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.05 for all).After a single hemodialysis,LVEDV,LVESV,LVGLS were significantly lower than before(P ＜0.05 for all),but LVEF,LVGRS,LVGCS,LVGAS were not significantly changed (P ＞ 0.05 for all).Conclusions After a single hemodialysis,the whole systolic function of the left ventricular was not changed.but the left ventricular global longitudinal peak systolic strain was significantly lower.The parameter of LVGLS was sensitive to the change of preload and was volume-load dependent.The preload of the patients should be sufficiently considered when the LVGLS are measured in the patients with uremia undergoing hemodialysis.

BACKGROUND: Good neurological outcome after cardiac arrest (CA) is hard to achieve for clinicians. Experimental and clinical evidence suggests that therapeutic mild hypothermia is beneficial. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness and safety of therapeutic mild hypothermia in patients successfully resuscitated from CA using a meta-analysis. METHODS: We searched the MEDLINE (1966 to April 2012), OVID (1980 to April 2012), EMBASE (1980 to April 2012), Chinese bio-medical literature & retrieval system (CBM) (1978 to April 2012), Chinese medical current contents (CMCC) (1995 to April 2012), and Chinese medical academic conference (CMAC) (1994 to April 2012). Studies were included if 1) the study design was a randomized controlled trial (RCT); 2) the study population included patients successfully resuscitated from CA, and received either standard post-resuscitation care with normothermia or mild hypothermia;3) the study provided data on good neurologic outcome and survival to hospital discharge. Relative risk (RR) and 95% confidence interval (CI) were used to pool the effect. RESULTS: The study included four RCTs with a total of 417 patients successfully resuscitated from CA. Compared to standard post-resuscitation care with normothermia, patients in the hypothermia group were more likely to have good neurologic outcome (RR=1.43, 95% CI 1.14–1.80, P=0.002) and were more likely to survive to hospital discharge (RR=1.32, 95% CI 1.08–1.63, P=0.008). There was no significant difference in adverse events between the normothermia and hypothermia groups (P>0.05), nor heterogeneity and publication bias. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic mild hypothermia improves neurologic outcome and survival in patients successfully resuscitated from CA.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the feasibility and safety of endoscopic full-thickness resection(EFTR) in the treatment of colorectal submucosal tumor(SMT).

METHODSFrom September 2009 to March 2012, 4 cases with colorectal SMT received EFTR at the Endoscopic Center in the Zhongshan Hospital of Fudan University. The operative time, complications, and follow-up data were analyzed.

RESULTSThere were 3 females and 1 male. The age ranged from 33 to 78 years. The tumor location included the upper rectum(n=2), the ascending colon(n=1), and the descending colon(n=1). The mean operative time was 48.0(24-80) min. The mean diameter was 1.45(0.8-2.0) cm. Postoperative pathological examination revealed schwannoma, pneumatosis cystoides intestinalis, endometriosis, and mild hyperplasia of smooth muscle in the muscularis mucosa. There was no bleeding or perforation intraoperatively and postoperatively. Two patients developed abdominal pain and fever, one of whom had regional peritonitis and was managed by fasting and intravenous antibiotics. No surgical intervention was required. Postoperative follow up ranged from 1 to 30 months and no residual cancer or recurrence was found.

CONCLUSIONEFTR is a safe and effective method for colorectal SMT.

Adult ; Aged ; Colorectal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal ; methods ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Intestinal Mucosa ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of recombinant human vascular endothelial growth factor (rhVEGF) on autologous free granular fat grafts in rats.

METHODSForty-eight Sprague Dawley (SD) rats, weighing 190-280 g and regardless sex, were randomly divided into three groups, sixteen in each. After fat transplantation, the rats were treated with plasmid DNA encoding rhVEGF protein (the experimental group), plasmid DNA (the negative group) and normal saline (the blank control group), respectively. At 3, 7, 15 and 30 days after transplantation, the rats were killed and the grafts were weighed, respectively. Histopathological changes were evaluated. Microvessel density and the expression of VEGF were examined by immunohistochemical staining and Western blotting.

RESULTSThe weights of the negative and blank control groups were significantly reduced on the 7th, 15th and 30th days compared with those of the experimental group. The expression of VEGF and the microvessel density in the experimental group were significantly higher than the other two groups during the latter periods.

CONCLUSIONThe plasmid encoding VEGF can induce expression of VEGF and angiogenesis in fat grafts and reduce the absorption of free fat grafts.

Adipose Tissue ; transplantation ; Animals ; Female ; Graft Survival ; physiology ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transduction, Genetic ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of allograft compound vertebra on vertebral reconstruction in rabbits so as to provide biomechanical direction for manufacturing and selecting vertebral reconstruction materials.

METHODSTwenty-five healthy New Zealand white rabbits were divided randomly into three groups: normal group (Group A, n equal to 5),iliac bone graft group (Group B, n equal to 10) and allograft compound vertebra group (Group C, equal to 10). After C4 was resected, iliac bone implantation and allograft bone cage transplantation were fulfilled in Group B and Group C, respectively. Every 5 rabbits from Group B and Group C were selected to test the biomechanical strength and biological activity one and two months postoperatively.

RESULTSNo significant statistical difference was found between Group A and Group C one and two months postoperatively (P larger than 0.05). The biomechanical strength of Group B was much weaker than that of Group A and Group C one month postoperatively (P less than 0.05), but at two months postoperatively, no statistical difference was found among the three groups. The biological activity and vertebral moulding ability of Group C were better than those of Group B at one and two months postoperatively.

CONCLUSIONSCompound vertebra, which is made up of allograft cortical bone cage and autogenous cancellous bone, shows instantaneous and permanent biomechanical stability and biological activity, therefore, it is an ideal material for vertebral reconstruction.

Animals ; Biomechanical Phenomena ; Bone Substitutes ; Bone Transplantation ; Ilium ; transplantation ; Models, Animal ; Rabbits ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; Spinal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Transplantation, Homologous

In this study, hydrophilic matrix sustained release tablets of total lactones from Andrographis paniculata were prepared and the in vitro release behavior were also evaluated. The optimal prescription was achieved by studying the main factor of the type and amount of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) using single factor test and evaluating through cumulative release of three lactones. No burst drug release from the obtained matrix tablets was observed. Drug release sustained to 14 h. The release mechanism of three lactones from A. paniculata was accessed by zero-order, first-order, Higuchi and Peppas equation. The release behavior of total lactones from A. paniculata was better agreed with Higuchi model and the drug release from the tablets was controlled by degradation of the matrix. The preparation of hydrophilic matrix sustained release tablets of total lactones from A. paniculata with good performance of drug release was simple.
Andrographis ; chemistry ; Delayed-Action Preparations ; chemistry ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Hydrophobic and Hydrophilic Interactions ; Kinetics ; Lactones ; chemistry ; Tablets ; chemistry

Objective To explore acute toxicity of succimer on mice.Methods Twenty Kunming mice(10 males and 10 females) weighting approximately (21.2?2.3)g were acclimatized for 3 days prior to dosing,then were divided into control group and experiment group with 10 mice in each group according to body weight.Fasted for 12 hours,the mice in experiment group received intragastric administration of 160mg DMSA in deionized water in 24 hours,and the control group received the same volume of deionized water,and then they were observed for 7 days.Blood was collected into heparinized-tubes by removal of eyeball.All mice were sacrificed and brain,heart,liver and kidney were removed and washed with normal saline.The activity or amount of BUN,Scr,AST,ALT,SOD, GSH-PX and MDA were analyzed.Results (1)Given 160rag DMSA in 24 hours,gastrointestinal symptoms were main side effects.During the observation,experiment group lost weight due to the decrease of food-intake ,and some mice had slight hydroabdomen.(2)High dose of DMSA caused a significant inhibition of GSH-PX(P0.05).The hepatic cell was damaged accord- ing to the significant raise of MDA in liver(P0.05),which was related to acute toxicity on liver.Conclusion Succimer could inhibit the antioxidarrt systems and could do damage to liver and kidney.

Objective To investigate the expression of Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) on dendritic cells(DCs) derived from peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) patients and to explore the mechanism of sustained infection of hepatitis B virus (HBV). Methods Twenty CHB patients were randomly screened in the study,and ten healthy persons were recruited as controls.The monocytes isolated from peripheral blood of candidates were incubated with recombinant human granuloeyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor (rhGM-CSF) and rhIL-4 to induce the DCs generation and proliferation.Then the phenotype of DCs was identified by micro- scope.The expressions of the phenotypes[histocompatibility leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR,CD80, CD86,CD83]of immature and mature DCs were measured by flow cytometer.Furthermore,the ex- pression of TLR3 on mature DCs(mDC) and immature DCs(imDC) was determined by flow cytometry and Western blot analysis respectively.Results As for healthy volunteers,the expressions of CD80, CD86,HLA-DR and CD83 on DCs at the 7th day,which were(82.35?8.67)%,(79.61?10.08)%, (92.79?8.48)% and (83.76?5.47)% respectively,were significantly higher than those at the 5th day which were(28.31?8.79) %,(31.17?11.23)%,(27.61?10.28)% and (23.46?11.53)% respec- tively(P0.05).The expression of TLR3 on imDC was significantly higher than that on mDC at control group (P0.05).And the expression of TLR3 on imDC in CHB patients group was significantly lower than that of control group(P