OBJECTIVEA HPLC-ECD method was established to determine scutellarin in rat bile.

METHODThe analytical column was Prontosil C18 (4.6 mm x 250 mm, 5 microm), and the mobile phase was consisted of methanol, 50 mmol x L(-1) phosphate buffer (adjusted by phosphoric acid to pH 2. 6), and tetrahydrofuran (40: 60: 10) , the flow rate was 1.0 mL x min(-1); the potential electrode voltage was 100 mv.

RESULTConcentration profile of scutellarin in rat bile was shown in this paper after oral administration of scutellarein.

CONCLUSIONOnly scutellarin was detected in rat bile, while both of scutellarin and scutellarein were detected in rat plasma.

Animals ; Apigenin ; analysis ; blood ; isolation & purification ; Bile ; chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Erigeron ; chemistry ; Glucuronates ; analysis ; Male ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Meningioma ; diagnosis ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

Objective To observe the effects of aerobic exercise on cardiac output during exercise in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods A total of 50 CHF patients ( echocardiography measured left ventricular ejection fraction ＜ 0. 49) were enrolled in the study and randomly divided into aerobic exercise group ( n = 25 ) and control group ( n = 25 ). Cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) was performed. Patients of aerobic exercise group underwent aerobic exercise according to aerobic exercise prescription and exercise intensity is decided by anaerobic threshold before 10 J/s ( 1 minute before) of the oxygen consumption. After 6 supervised aerobic exercise training sessions in the hospital, patients were asked to perform the home-based aerobic exercise training. Patients in control group were required to maintain daily physical activities. CPET were reviewed 3 months later. Results Cardiac output(CO) ,peak CO, peak cardiac power output ( peak CPO), resting heart rate ( HR), heart rate at AT ( HR AT), HR peak, resting mean arterial pressure (MAP), peak MAP at baseline were similar between aerobic exercise group and control [(4. 2 ± 2. 0) L/min vs. (3. 3 ± 1.0) L/min, (6. 2 ± 2. 7 ) L/min vs. (5. 2 ± 1.8 ) L/min,( 1.8 ± 2. 9) L/min vs. (2. 0 ± 1.8 ) L/min, ( 1.3 ± 0. 5 ) J/s vs. ( 1.2 ± 0. 5 ) J/s, (76. 8 ± 13.5 ) beats/min vs. (73.4 ± 11.9 ) beats/min, ( 91.5 ± 11.3 ) beats/min vs. ( 92. 6 ± 12. 4 ) beats/min, ( 106. 0 ± 12. 9 )beats/min vs. ( 108. 3 ± 17.4) beats/min, (80. 8 ±9. 9)mm Hg( 1 mm Hg =0. 133 kPa) vs. (87. 6 ± 13.3)mm Hg, ( 98. 8 ± 12. 4 ) mm Hg vs. ( 102. 7 ± 13.9 ) mm Hg, all P ＞ 0. 05]. Compared to baseline, CO, peak CO, peak CPO, HR, HR AT, HR peak, MAP, peak MAP after 3 months were similar between aerobic exercise group and control( all P ＞ 0. 05 ). The differences between baseline and 3 months later expressed as △CO,△peak CO,△peak CPO, △HR, △HR AT, △HR peak, △MAP, △peak MAP were also similar between aerobic exercise group and control group [( - 0. 7 ± 2. 4) L/min vs. (0. 7 ± 2.0) L/min, ( 1.1 ± 2. 6 ) L/min vs.(1.4±2. 1)L/min,(0. 1 ±3.7)L/min vs. ( -0.2 ±2. 5) L/min, (0. 2 ± 1.0) J/s vs. (0.2 ±0.5)J/s,( - 0. 4 ± 7. 6) beats/min vs. ( 1.9 ± 9.9 ) beats/min, ( 3.4 ± 11.3 ) beats/min vs. ( - 2. 8 ± 7.6 )beats/min, (8. 9 ± 14. 5 )beats/min vs. (3.7 ± 14. 4)beats/min, (1.5 ± 12. 8 )mm Hg vs. ( - 1.3 ± 11.1 )mmHg,(6.4±18. 9)mm Hg vs. (1.3±12.3)mm Hg,all P＞0. 05]. Conclusion Three months aerobic exercise training did not improve cardiac output and related parameters during exercise in this cohort patients with CHF.

BACKGROUNDMeningioma is one of the most common primary tumors of the central nervous system, but there are not many detailed studies on the sex, age, subtypes and locations of large series. This study was a retrospective analysis of the characteristics of meningioma cases consecutively operated on at a single institution in China from 2001 to 2010.

METHODSThis study investigated the demographic background of 7084 meningioma cases, and the subtypes and locations of the tumors. Sex and age distributions were analyzed, and the pathological subtypes were classified according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. The location of the meningiomas was also categorized.

RESULTSThe female:male ratio of the 7084 cases was 2.34:1. The mean age was 51.4 years (range, 11 months-86 years). The mean age of cases of WHO grade I meningioma was significantly older than that of grade II or III meningiomas (P < 0.001, Fisher's Least Significant Digit test). There was a significantly higher female:male ratio in WHO grade I meningiomas than in grade II or grade III meningiomas (2.57, 1.03 and 0.76, respectively; P < 0.001, χ(2) test). Meningothelial (n = 2061) and fibrous meningiomas (n = 3556) were the most common subtypes, comprising 79.3% of all meningiomas. All meningioma cases were classified into 23 locations in this study, with the cerebral convexity the most common site (38.33%, n = 2722). Cases with uncommon locations such as extra-cranial and sylvian fissure meningiomas were also present in this series.

CONCLUSIONSFemale predominance was found for benign meningiomas, while malignant subtypes showed male predominance. The mean age of patients with WHO grade I meningiomas was older than that of patients with higher-grade tumors. Meningothelial and fibrous meningiomas were the most common subtypes. The cerebral convexity was the most common meningioma location.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Meningioma ; epidemiology ; Middle Aged ; Sex Distribution ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the efficacy and safety of the Chinese herbal therapeutic regimen of activating blood circulation (TRABC) in treatment of hypertensive intracerebral hemorrhage (HICH).

METHODSThis was a multi-center prospective randomized open-label blinded-endpoint (PROBE) trial with HICH admitted to 12 hospitals. Totally 240 participants were randomized to the treatment group treated with TRABC in addition to conventional Western treatment or the control group with conventional Western treatment equally for 3 months. Primary outcome was degree of disability as measured by modified Rankin Scale (mRS). Secondary outcomes were the absorption of hematoma and edema, National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) scores and patient-reported outcome measures for stroke and Barthel activities of daily living index. Adverse events and mortality were also recorded.

RESULTSAfter 3 months of treatment, the rate of mRS 0-1 and mRS 0-2 in the treatment group was 72.5% and 80.4%, respectively, and in the control group 48.1% and 63.9%, respectively, with a significant difference between groups (P<0.01). Hematoma volume decreased significantly at day 7 of treatment in the treatment group than the control group (P=0.038). Average Barthel scores in the treatment group after treatment was 89.11±19.93, and in the control group 82.18±24.02 (P=0.003). NIHSS scores of the two groups after treatment decreased significantly compared with before treatment (P=0.001). Patient-reported outcomes in the treatment group were lower than the control group at day 21 and 3 months of treatment (P<0.05). There were 4 deaths, 2 in each group, and 11 adverse events, 6 in the treatment group and 5 in the control group.

CONCLUSIONThe integrative therapy combined TRABC with conventional Western treatment for HICH could promote hematoma absorption thus minimize neurologic impairment, without increasing intracerebral hematoma expansion and re-bleeding.

Blood Circulation ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; adverse effects ; therapeutic use ; Endpoint Determination ; Female ; Hematoma ; blood ; complications ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Intracranial Hemorrhage, Hypertensive ; blood ; drug therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Stroke ; blood ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome