Nuclepore polycarbonate membrane filtration was applied for the purification of tacky-zoites in the peritoneal exudate and the saline peritoneal washing from infected mice with Toxoplasma gondii RH strain or Beverley strain. The recovery rate of tackyzoites by this method was 65. 8% and the purity of the protozoa in the filtrated suspension was as high as 98. 87%, while the protozoa in 98. 4% of the host leucocytes and 85. 2% of host erythrocytes were elimina ted respectively. The ratio of host cells to the protozoa in filtrated suspension was both lower than 1 : 100. Stain of tackyzoites with fluorescent dyes showed that more than 99% of the protozoa were alive after filtration and the re-infection of mice with the purified tackyzoites suggested that the viability, toxicity and infectivity of the tackyzoites were not affected apparently. This method was shown to be a harmless, highly efficiency, time-saving, simple, and ease method for the purification of T. gondii tackyzoites.

Objective To identify the association between fatigue and depression in Parkinson's disease(PD).Methods 56 PD patients were enrolled in this study.The degree of fatigue was measured by Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS).Hamilton Depression Scale (24 items) was used to evaluate the degree of depression.PD Quality of Life Questionnaire (PDQL) were tested to evaluate the quality of life in PD patients.While other clinical information such as Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS) Ⅲ,Hoehn-Yahr Scale and modified Webster Scale were investigated.Results The incidence of fatigue in this group is 71.4％ (40/56).Score of HAMD and PDQL exhibited a significant correlation to patients' fatigue,coefficient of partial correlation was 0.451 (P ＜ 0.01),-0.346 (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of fatigue in non-depressive patients was low,27.3 ％.While in depressive patients,the incidence of fatigue is relatively high,for mild depression 75％,moderate depression 100％,severe depression 100％ respectively.Conclusions Fatigue is a prominent symptom of depression in PD patients,sometimes independent of depression also influencing the patients' quality of life.

Objective To compare the efficacy of alfentanil and remifentanil in minimizing the propofol injection pain. Methods A total of 175 adult female patients undergoing gynecological procedures with general anesthesia were randomly divided into four groups.Patients received alfentanil 1mg(2 mL,AL group,n=43),remifentanil 0.01 mg(2 mL,REM1 group,n=43),remifentanil 0.02 mg(2 mL,REM2 group,n=45) or normal saline(2 mL,control group,n=44) 30 seconds prior to propofol administration.Visual analogue scale(VAS) was employed to evaluate the subjective feelings of pain due to propofol injection,and adverse effects were recorded. Results One patient in REM2 group and one patient in control group were excluded due to difficulty in venous catheterization.The injection pain in AL group,REM1 group and REM2 group was significantly less severe than that in control group(P

The herbs used as the material for traditional Chinese medicine are mostly planted at mountain areas where there is appropriate weather condition. Due to the complex terrain condition in mountain area, the planting at such places is always associated with a scattered pattern, which inevitably bring difficulty to the work of accurate measurement for the planting area. Advanced research about monitoring the planting area for medicine-herb under complex environmental condition is so critical and meaningful for developing the medicine-herb planting to a large scale and an industry. Therefore, this research, taking the planting of Herpetospermum pedunculosum in Luding county as an example, utilizes RS&GIS: using the image data from TM and ETM datum as the remote sensing information source, integrating GPS data from quadrat survey on the spots, and analyzing on a GIS platform, to extract the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county. The results indicate that: (1) the method and technology used to estimate the planting area of H. pedunculosum are feasible and can be applied to monitoring the planting area of medicine-herb at mountain area under complex environmental conditions: (2) the planting area of H. pedunculosum in Luding county is estimated to be 857. 246 acres by the methods utilized in this research, which is closed to the value from local statistical data with an error range less than 5%; (3) in consideration of those inevitable errorrs generating from the procedures such as remote sensing data acquisition, data preprocessing, data interpretation, and so on, and the fact that the classification of remote sensing data, which must be implemented by those above procedures, was used directly to extract the herb type, the accuracy of area estimation for the herb is significantly influenced by the accuracy of classification for herb type, and the estimated area is inevitably associated with some error.
China ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; Geographic Information Systems ; Medicine, Tibetan Traditional ; Remote Sensing Technology ; methods

Colonic Diseases ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Intestinal Perforation ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Male

Objective: To investigate the health-seeking intention for urinary incontinence among adult women in Gansu Province, so as to provide insights into the management of female urinary incontinence. Methods : Women at ages of 20 years and older who lived in 8 communities and 8 villages of Gansu Province for at least one year were recruited using the multi-stage stratified cluster random sampling method. A face-to-face questionnaire survey was conducted from October 2019 to February 2020, and the demographic features, urinary incontinence status and health-seeking intention were collected and descriptively analyzed. Results: A total of 3 580 questionnaires were allocated and 3 485 were recovered, with a recovery rate of 97.35%. The respondents had a mean age of ( 51.18±17.13 ) years, with 1 759 respondents ( 50.47% ) that lived in urban areas, and 1 726 ( 49.53% ) that lived in rural areas. There were 1 150 respondents with self-reported urinary incontinence ( 33.00% prevalence ), including 340 cases with stress urinary incontinence ( 29.57% ), 78 cases with urge urinary incontinence ( 6.78% ) and 732 cases with mixed urinary incontinence ( 63.65% ). The overall proportion of health-seeking intention for urinary incontinence was 41.57%, and the proportions of health-seeking intention were 51.76%, 39.74% and 37.02% for stress, urge and mixed urinary incontinence, respectively. The proportion of health-seeking intention for urinary incontinence appeared a tendency towards a decline with the increase in household monthly income per capita and frequency of urinary leakage, and appeared a tendency towards a rise with the increase in educational levels ( P<0.05 ). In addition, a higher proportion of health-seeking intention for urinary incontinence was seen in women living in urban areas than in rural areas (5 3.63% vs. 31.98%, P<0.05 ), and a higher proportion was found in women with mental labors than in those with physical labors ( 60.81% vs. 40.24%, P<0.05 ), while a higher proportion was found in married women than in divorced or widowed women ( 44.33% vs. 23.53%, P<0.05 ). Conclusions There is a low proportion of health-seeking intention for urinary incontinence among adult women in Gansu Province. Age, occupation, place of residence, educational level, income, marital status, and frequency of urine leakage may affect the intention to seek medical care for urinary incontinence among adult women.

Objective To examine the occupational stability,training needs and capacity building requirements of the general practitioners purposely trained to work in rural communities,for improvement of policies regarding their training and issues related. Methods There counties were selected by stratified random sampling, where general practitioners graduated from such training completed an anonymous questionnaire. Focus group interviews were made to officials of the local Health and Family Planning Commission,those of primary healthcare institutions,and general practitioners themselves. Results The of the 190 valid questionnaires recovered, male accounted for 34. 2% and female 65. 8%. These general practitioners were mostly satisfied with their working environment, social status, work stress and job achievement,yet with lower satisfaction with their salary and availability of medical devices. Consideration of resignation was reported by only 5. 3% of them,with more males than females. As high as 63. 2% of them prefer to work in hospitals of county level. 91. 1% of them held it as necessary to participate in standard resident training,and 98. 4% held it as necessary to have on-job training. 94. 7% of them have participated in further education to gain a bachelor degree in medicine. Conclusions These doctors were found with high stability to work in rural communities and low turnover intention. Further studies are required to encourage these general practitioners to serve rural communities in a long term, and to improve the standard resident training mechanism,and their career development.

Objective To investigate the correlation between posterior neck pain and lumbar epidural pressure (LEP)during percutaneous endoscopic lumbar discectomy (PELD).Methods A prospective study was performed on 86 patients undergoing PELD,46 males,40 females,aged 1 9-71 years,with ASA physical status of Ⅰ or Ⅱ.Each patient received lumbar epidural anesthesia.Lum-bar epidural pressure (LEP)was monitored continuously through a lumbar epidural catheter which was connected to a pressure transducer.LEP before the operation (LEPbase ),LEP at the time of pos-terior neck pain (LEPpain )and maximal LEP (LEPmax )were recorded.Results Thirty patients (34.9%)complained of posterior neck pain during the procedure.The lowest LEPmax was 31.0 mm Hg,and the highest LEPmax was 77.0 mm Hg.The LEPmax in patients with neck pain [(60.6± 8.8)mm Hg]was significantly higher than LEPmax in patients without neck pain [(50.7 ± 9.5 ) mm Hg](P <0.01 ).Patients with higher LEPmax had higher probabilities of having posterior neck pain (P <0.01).Conclusion Patients with higher LEPmax had higher probabilities of having posterior neck pain.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the methylation of p16(INK4a) and RB gene, and the expression of p16(INK4a) in meningiomas.

METHODSMethylation-specific polymerase chain reaction (MSP) was used to detect the methylation of p16(INK4a) and RB in 50 cases of meningiomas, and immunostaining was performed to analyze the protein expression of p16(INK4a) in 25 of those cases.

RESULTSNo methylation was found in the benign meningiomas, whereas methylation of p16(INK4a)or RB occurred in 6(37.5%) cases of grade II tumors and 4(28.6%) cases of grade III tumors, and among these cases, an atypical meningioma showed methylation of both genes. Thirteen cases showed p16(INK4a) positive expression, but none of them was methylated.

CONCLUSIONThe methylation of p16(INK4a) or RB is related with the tumorigenesis and progression of atypical and anaplastic meningiomas, and a probable mechanism is that methylation causes the loss of expression and leads to dysfuncation of the p16(INK4a)/cyclin D1/CDK4/RB pathway.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Cyclin D1 ; genetics ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinase 4 ; Cyclin-Dependent Kinases ; genetics ; DNA Methylation ; Female ; Genes, Retinoblastoma ; Genes, p16 ; Humans ; Male ; Meningeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; Meningioma ; genetics ; Middle Aged ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins

BACKGROUNDPrevious researches about necrotic pancreatic tissue infections are numerous, but the study on systemic infection related to the severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) treatment period is limited. This study aimed to investigate the distribution and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients who had hepatobiliary surgery for SAP during the past three years.

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted on the distribution, category and drug resistance of pathogenic bacteria in patients who had hepatobiliary surgery for SAP from 2008 to 2011.

RESULTSA total of 594 pathogenic bacteria samples were isolated. Among them 418 isolates (70.4%) were Gram bacteria negative, 142 isolates (23.9%) were Gram bacteria positive, and 34 isolates (5.7%) were found fungi. The most common Gram negative bacteria were Escherichia coli (19.8%), and the dominant Gram positive pathogenic bacteria were Enterococcus faecium. The distribution of SAP-related infectious pathogens was mainly in peritoneal drainage fluid, sputum, bile, and wound secretions. Almost all the Gram negative pathogenic bacteria were sensitive to carbapenum. Extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains were more resistant to penicillins and cephalosprins than the ESBLs non-producing strains. Staphylococcus was sensitive to vancomycin and linezolid. The drug resistance of meticillin-resistant staphylococcus (MRS) to commonly used antibiotics was higher than meticillin-sensitive streptococcus (MSS). Enterococcus sp. exhibited lower drug-resistance rates to vancomycin and linezolid.

CONCLUSIONSGram negative bacteria were the dominant SAP-related infection after hepatobiliary surgery. A high number of fungal infections were reported. Drug resistant rates were high. Rational use of antibiotics according to the site of infection, bacterial species and drug sensitivity, correctly executing the course of treatment and enhancing hand washing will contribute to therapy and prevention of SAP-related infection and decrease its mortality.

Anti-Bacterial Agents ; pharmacology ; Gram-Negative Bacteria ; drug effects ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; drug effects ; pathogenicity ; Humans ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Pancreatitis ; microbiology