Objective To compare the standards for recruitment of cadet pilots between PLA Air Force and the US Air Force,so as to offer reference for revising PLAAF medical standards for recruiting cadet pilots.Methods Literature from medical bibliographic databases and foreign military official websites was retrieved, four published reports and network information were cited and PLAAF medical standards were compared with those in China.Results The American medical standards include Department of Defense Instruction, Air Force Medical Examination and Standards, Air Force Medical Standards Directory, and Air Force Waiver Guide,which are independent and aimed directly at different examinations so that medical requirements have been gradually broadened.Compared to our standards, the American medical selection is more dependent on clinic consultations, and more detailed in specifications of diseases, more focused on body functions than on body shape, and the psychological screening is more subtle.Conclusion The standards adopted by US Air Force are more evidence-based.We are to rectify our medical standards accordingly, which should be efficacious, safe and effective for improving the overall quality of our military pilots.

Humans ; Diverticulum, Colon/surgery* ; Cholecystectomy/adverse effects* ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Objective To investigate allopurinol ( a xanthine oxidase in-hibitor) improves insulin resistance of rats fed with high -fructose diet. Methods Male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups and each group was fed one of the following diets for 4 weeks:standard chow diet(normal group), high -fructose diet(model group), and high -fructose diet plus allopurinol(allopurinol 25μg? g-1, test group).Insu-lin sensitivity index was assessed from the oral glucose tolerance test ( OGTT) and the euglycemic clamp studies .Results Serum uric acid and plasma insulin concentrations were significantly decreased with allo-purinol treatment.That the serum uric acid of the model group with (1.82 ±0.10 ) mg? dL-1 was significantly increased than normal group with ( 1.33 ±0.12 ) mg? dL-1 , and improved by test group with (0.90 ±0.27) mg? dL-1.There was no difference in the levels of glu-cose with OGTT among the 3 groups.The model group produced a marked decrease in insulin sensitivity index ( GIR) compared with normal group (P<0.05).Allopurinol treated high -fructose fed rats showed a signifi-cant increase in GIR , reaching a similar level as that of the normal group (P<0.05).Conclusion Allopurinol may improve of insulin resistance in high-fructose induced insulin resistant .

AIM To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous content determination of phellodendrine chloride,berberine hydrochloride,jatrorrhizine hydrochloride,(R,S)-goitrine,astilbin,hesperidin and atractylenolide Ⅲ in Supplemented Ermiao Granules (Phellodendri chinensis Cortex,Atractylodis Rhizoma,Smilacis glabrae Rhizoma,etc.) and to establish fingerprints.METHODS The analysis of 70％ methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Amethyst C18-H column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.05 mol/L potassium dihydrogen phosphate-acetonitrile flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelengths were set at 237,291 nm.RESULTS Seven constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r =1),whose average recoveries were 95.77％-110.36％ with the RS-Ds of 0.06％-2.94％.There were twenty common peaks in the fingerprints of fourteen batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.990,five of which (5-hydroxymethylfurfural,phellodendrine,astilbin,hesperidin and berberine hydrochloride) were identified.CONCLUSION This stable,reliable and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Supplemented Ermiao Granules.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect and mechanism of Coicis Semen oil (Kanglaite injection, KLT) on renal interstitial fibrosis induced by unilateral ureteral obstruction (UUO).

METHODFifty-four male SD rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, 6 in each group, the sham operated group, the model group, and the KLT group. Renal interstitial fibrosis model was established in rats by UUO. After administration of KLT (15 mL x kg(-1) x d(-1)) for 3, 7 and 14 days, the dynamic histological changes of renal interstitial tissues were observed and renal damage including tubular impairment and interstitial fibrosis were quantified on HE and Masson stained tissue sections. The expression of alpha-smooth muscle actin (alpha-SMA) and transforming growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) were measured by immunohistochemistry staining sections. The protein expression of p-Smad2 and Smad7 were detected by Western blot respectively.

RESULTThe degree of tubular damage in KLT group was much lower than that in UUO group (P < 0.05). The expression of alpha-SMA and TGF-beta1 was decreased in both UUO group and KLT group, while it was significantly lower in KLT group at every time point. The protein expression of p-Smad2 was obviously decreased while the protein expressions of Smad7 was obviously increased in KLT group, compared with the UUO group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCoicis Semen oil could attenuate the tubulo-interstitial fibrosis, probable by intervening the TGF-beta/Smads signal transduction pathway of UUO rats.

Animals ; Coix ; Fibrosis ; Injections ; Kidney ; pathology ; Male ; Plant Oils ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Signal Transduction ; drug effects ; Smad2 Protein ; metabolism ; Transforming Growth Factor beta1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; physiology ; Urethral Obstruction ; drug therapy ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Kanglaite injection(KLT) on the proliferation and telomerase activity of mesangial cells in rats.

METHODMTT, telomere repeat amplification protocal (TRAP), ELISA, PAGE and silver-stain were applied to detect the growth rate and telomerase activity of MC after stimulation of KLT and IL-1.

RESULTThe growth rate of MC was enhanced by IL-1 stimulation, which was accompanied with a redection of the activity of telomerase. Adversely, the growth rate of MC was reduced by KLT, which was accompanied with an enhancement of activity of telomerase. Moreover, the growth rate of MC and the activity of telomerase were both inhibited by the combinative use of IL-1 and KLT without any influence from the sequence of their administration.

CONCLUSIONKLT could inhibit proliferation and telomerase activity of MC with or without pre-stimulation with IL-1. KLT might be useful to prevent and treat glomerular nephritis related to MC proliferation.

Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Coix ; chemistry ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Glomerular Mesangium ; cytology ; enzymology ; Injections ; Plant Oils ; administration & dosage ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Rats ; Seeds ; chemistry ; Telomerase ; metabolism

Chromosomes, Human, Pair 22 ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 ; Humans ; Myeloproliferative Disorders ; Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 1 ; Translocation, Genetic

AIM To establish HPLC fingerprints of Zhihuang Tongfeng Decoction (Phellodendri chinensis Cortex,Anemarrhenae Rhizoma,Plantaginis Semen,etc.) and to determine the contents of four constituents.METHODS The analysis of aqueous extract of this drug was performed on a 30 ℃ thermostatic Wondasil C18 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-0.5％ acetic acid in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 245 nm.RESULTS There were sixteen common peaks in the HPLC fingerprints of ten batches of samples with the similarities of more than 0.9.Berberine hydrochloride,mangiferin,geniposidic acid and salvianolic acid B showed good linear relationships within the ranges of 0.636 2-3.575 μg (R2 =0.9999),0.338-1.425 μg (R2 =0.9990),0.6452-2.7188 μg (R2 =1) and0.938 8-5.275 μg (R2 =0.999 3),whose average recoveries were 100.56％,98.35％,100.25％ and 102.11％ with the RSDs of 2.41％,1.17％,1.24％ and 2.02％,respectively.CONCLUSION This accurate,reliable and specific method can be used for the quality control of Zhihuang Tongfeng Decoction.

OBJECTIVE: To compare the nephrotoxicity of high- and low-osmolar contrast media (HOCM and LOCM), and to determine the protective role of fosinopril or telmisartan and its possible mechanism. METHODS: Forty eight healthy SD rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: a normal control group, a glycerol control group, a low-osmolar contrast media (LOCM) group, a high-osmolar contrast media (HOCM) group, a fosinopril group, and a telmisartan group. Glycerine for inducing kidney damage was given to all rats except the normal control group. Twenty-four hours after the injection of glycerine, the mixed fosinopril suspension (10mg/kg) or telmisartan (5mg/kg) was poured into the stomach in the preventive group. Serum creatinine (SCr) and plasma angiotensin II (AngII) levels were detected by an automatical biochemical analyzer and radioimmunoassay; caspase-3 activity and claudin-1 expression of the renal tissue were detected by fluorometric method and immunohistochemical method. The renal injury was assessed by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining and terminal deoxynucleotide mediated nick and labeling (TUNEL) staining, respectively. RESULTS: In diatrizoate-injected rats, SCr and AngII levels were increased (P<0.05). Expression of claudin-1 protein and caspase-3 activity in the renal tissue was upregulated. The histologic changes and percentage of apoptotic cells were milder in the LOCM rats than those in the HOCM rats. In the group pretreated with fosinopril or telmisartan, no increase in the levels of SCr and AngII was discovered. The expression of claudin-1 protein and caspase-3 activity was significantly lower than that in the HOCM group. The renal injuries induced by diatrizoate were alleviated. CONCLUSION Both HOCM and LOCM could cause cellular apoptosis in the kidney.LOCM was less toxic to rat kidney than HOCM. Nephrotoxicity induced by HOCM might be related to caspase-3, claudin-1 and AngII. Fosinopril or telmisartan may protect the renal tissue from nephrotoxicity induced by diatrizoate.
Angiotensin II ; blood ; Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Benzimidazoles ; pharmacology ; Benzoates ; pharmacology ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Claudin-1 ; metabolism ; Contrast Media ; administration & dosage ; toxicity ; Creatinine ; blood ; Female ; Fosinopril ; pharmacology ; Kidney ; drug effects ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Protective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Telmisartan

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the correlation between thrombosis and stability of atherosclerotic plaque within criminal vessels in patients with unstable angina pectoris (UAP) by coronary angioscopy, to explore the clinical pathological basis for acute coronary syndromes (ACS).

METHODSSixty-eight patients with UAP were enrolled, the patients with post-infarction angina pectoris and variant angina pectoris were excluded. There were 48 males and 20 females, aged from 40 to 73 (average 62.4 +/- 8.6) years. The criminal vessels of there patients were observed by coronary angioscopy during percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) therapy.

RESULTSThere were 68 criminal vessels in 68 patients. Atherosclerotic plaques were observed in all criminal vessels. Among criminal vessels, thrombi and intimae lesions were detected in 63 cases and 46 cases, respectively. Among 68 cases with atherosclerotic plaques, there were 48 cases of yellow plaques (70.5%), 18 cases of light yellow plaques (26.5%) and 2 cases of white plaques (2.94%). Sixty-three thrombi cases were mural and on-occlusive, which included 11 cases of red or mixed thrombi (17.5%) and 52 cases of white or pink thrombi (82.5%). All intimae lesions were accompanied by thrombosis, which included 11 cases of red or mixed thrombi (23.9%) and 35 cases of white or pink thrombi (76.1%).

CONCLUSIONThe study has shown that the rupture of unstable yellow plaque and its thrombosis were the pathological basis of UAP. Therefore, stabilizing yellow plaque before its rupture may play critical role in prevention and treatment of ACS.

Adult ; Aged ; Angina, Unstable ; pathology ; Angioscopy ; Coronary Artery Disease ; etiology ; pathology ; Coronary Thrombosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged