With the further development of clinical modernization of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM), new request to tongue diagnosis for objectivity and quantification is raised. Many researchers have devoted themselves to this field and have achieved some accomplishments since 1950's. Especially in recent years, the revolution of information technique derived from computer industry brings the research new chances. The research history of the past five decades can be divided into three stages: (1) looking for micro-markers by newly-developed medical technique; (2) quantifying traditional markers by new technique; (3) further development based on information technique and corporation of multiple subjects. This article reviewed the three stages and described its prospect.

OBJECTIVETo verify the clinical efficacy on chronic fatigue syndrome of qi deficiency syndrome treated with acupuncture at selective time and explore the effect mechanism.

METHODSEighty patients were randomized into a selective-time-acupuncture group and an acupuncture group, 40 cases in each one. Qihai (CV 6), Guanyuan (CV 4), Hegu (LI 4), Taichong (LR 3), Sanyinjiao (SP 6) and Zusanli (ST 36) were selected in the two groups. In the selective-time-acupuncture group, acupuncture was used at 9:00am to 11:00am. In the acupuncture group, acupuncture was used at any time except in the range from 9:00am to 11:00am. No any manipulation was applied after the arrival of needling sensation. The treatment was given once every day, 10 day treatment made one session and two sessions of treatment were required. The fatigue scale was adopted to evaluate the efficacy before and after treatment in the patients of the two groups. The ratios among CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in the peripheral blood were detected before ad b a after treatment.

RESULTSIn the acupuncture group, the total score of fatigue and the score of physical fatigue were reduced after treatment as compared with those before treatment (all P<0.05). In the selective-time -acupuncture group, the total score of fatigue, the s core of physical fatigue and the score of mental fatigue after treatment were reduced obviously as compared with those hefore treatment (all P<0. 01). The improvements in the scores of the selective-time-acupuncture group were superior to the acupuncture group (all P<0. 05). The ratio of CD3+ and CD8+ T cells was increased obviously after treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 05) and the ratio of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells was reduced obviously in the selective-time-acupuncture group (P<0. 05), which was better than that in the acupuncture group (all P<0.05). The total effective rate was 95.0% (38/40) in the selective-time-acupuncture group, which was better than 80.0% (32/40) in the acupuncture group (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe acupuncture therapy at selective time is effective in the treatment of chronic fatigue syndrome of qi deficiency syndrome, which is especially better at relieving mental fatigue. The effect of this therapy is achieved probably by improving the immune function via the regulation of the ratios among CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ T cells.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Fatigue Syndrome, Chronic ; immunology ; therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphocyte Count ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Qi ; T-Lymphocyte Subsets ; cytology ; immunology ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVE: To find out the rules of therapeutic methods, formulas and medicines of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for primary liver cancer (PLC). METHODS: The frequencies of treatments and medicines of TCM in 978 pieces of documents concerning PLC were analyzed. RESULTS: Among the 165 therapeutic methods, 277 formulas and 459 kinds of herbs, the methods for activating blood circulation, the formulas for regulating qi-flowing and the herbs for invigorating qi are the most commonly used. CONCLUSION: Therapeutic methods such as invigorating qi, regulating qi-flowing and activating blood circulation are the main choices for PLC, and the methods such as clearing heat, removing dampness and nourishing yin are used as supplements.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the characteristics of the sublingual venae in patients with primary liver cancer (PLC). METHODS: The shape, color and the red, green and blue values of the sublingual venae were analyzed quantitatively for PLC patients in different clinical stages by analysis system for comprehensive information of tongue diagnosis. RESULTS: With the aggravating of the disease, the patients' sublingual venae became wide and tortuous, and their color became blue and purple. The abnormality of the sublingual venae was more serious in clinical stage III than in stages I and II (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: The shape, color and abnormality degree of the sublingual venae in patients with PLC in different clinical stages are distinct.

Objective: To treat low-grade limb malignant tumors with hemicortical excision and reconstruction of the defect with recycled pasteurized autogratf. Methods:From January 2005 to January 2011, 10 patients [age (27.0±6.5) years] suffering from low-grade limb malignant tumors were treated with hemicortical excision and reconstruction of the defect with recycled pasteurized autogratf:7 were histopathologically diagnosed as parosteal osteosarcoma, and 3 as peripheral chondrosarcoma. According to the Enneking staging system, 8 were in Stage IA and 2 were in IB. Results:All the patients were followed-up for (50±23) months. All the patients had bony union at the last follow-up. The length of tumor bone resection was (9.5±2.7) cm, operation time was (150±45) min, intraoperative blood loss was (1000±350) mL, and drainage volume was (450±200) mL. hTe only fracture in the host bone during the operation was treated by internal ifxation. Local recurrence occurred in 1 patient was treated by a wide operative margin and reconstruction with a prosthesis. There was no distal metastasis. A ccording to the Enneking system, 9 patients had excellent results and 1 had good results. Conclusion:Hemicortical excision for low-grade limb malignant tumors is safe and effective.

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of femoral primary malignant bone tumors treated by limb salvage, with wide en bloc excision and reconstruction of the defect with recycled pasteurized autogratf.
Methods: From January 2008 to January 2011, 11 patients (7 males, 4 females), aged (11.0±2.5) years suffering from femoral primary malignant bone tumors were treated with en bloc excision and reconstruction of the defect with recycled pasteurized autograft. Ten patients were histopathologically diagnosed with high-grade osteosarcoma, and 1 with Ewing’s sarcoma.According to the Enneking staging system, all patients were in Stage IIb.
Results:All patients were followed-up for 24-65(42±20) months and all showed bony union at the last follow-up. hTe length of tumor bone resection was (17.5±3.2) cm, the operation time was (180±35) min, the intraoperative blood loss was (1200±250) mL, and drainage volume was (650±125) mL. Local skin necrosis occurred in 1 patient (9.1%), which was resolved by debridement. Nonunion occurred in 3 patients (27.3%), who were treated by secondary iliac crest cancellous bone gratfing.Pulmonary metastasis occurred in 1 patient (9.1%) who died 35 months post-operatively. According to the function assessment by the Enneking system, 5 patients had excellent results, 4 had good results, 1 fair and 1 poor results, with a satisfaction rate of 81.2%.
Conclusion:A pasteurized autograft can be an easily accessible and economical alternative for children’s malignant bone tumor of femurs.

The most common forms of treatment for amblyopia are occlusion therapy and pharmacologic penalization. But these methods can not recover all the visual deficits of amblyopes and there are some disadvantages of the treatment which need to be considered, including adverse effects, compliance and social stigma. Recently, some novel approaches are investigated for improving the effectiveness and compliance of treatment for amblyopia.

The text has isolated 267 strains LAB from the traditional fermentative food in Sichuan. Using agar plate proliferation experiment and double-layer agar plate proliferation experiment (eliminating the effects of organic acid and H_2O_2, decreased after treatment with trypsin and papain) to screen a LAB of Bacteriocins P158 which has antibacterial action to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Micrococcus luteus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis. P158 was isolated from fermented glutinous rice. Through detection of its appearance, physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rDNA gene sequence homology analysis, it was identified as Lactobacillus plantarum.

Objective To compare the standards for recruitment of cadet pilots between PLA Air Force and the US Air Force,so as to offer reference for revising PLAAF medical standards for recruiting cadet pilots.Methods Literature from medical bibliographic databases and foreign military official websites was retrieved, four published reports and network information were cited and PLAAF medical standards were compared with those in China.Results The American medical standards include Department of Defense Instruction, Air Force Medical Examination and Standards, Air Force Medical Standards Directory, and Air Force Waiver Guide,which are independent and aimed directly at different examinations so that medical requirements have been gradually broadened.Compared to our standards, the American medical selection is more dependent on clinic consultations, and more detailed in specifications of diseases, more focused on body functions than on body shape, and the psychological screening is more subtle.Conclusion The standards adopted by US Air Force are more evidence-based.We are to rectify our medical standards accordingly, which should be efficacious, safe and effective for improving the overall quality of our military pilots.

Study on the effects of Astragali Radix main active flavone calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside on Saposhnikoviae Radix main active ingredients prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin, a UPLC-MS/MS method for simultaneous determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma was established, and the comparative pharmacokinetics of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin after oral administration of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-prim-O-glucosylcimifugin to rats were carried out, which might be conductive in exploring the rationality of Astragali Radix - Saposhnikoviae Radix herb couple. Twelve male SD rats were divided into two groups. Prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma of different time points after oral administration of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside - prim-O-glucosylcimifugin to rats were determinated. And the main pharmacokinetic parameters were investigated using DAS 3. 2. 4. The established method was rapid, accurate and sensitive for simultaneous determination of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin in rat plasma. The analysis was performed on a Waters Acquity BEH C18 column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.7 μm) with the mixture of acetonitrile and 0.1% formic acid/water as mobile phase, and the gradient elution at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1). The analytes were detected by tandem mass spectrometry with the electrospray ionization (ESI) source and in the multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) mode. Compared with prim-O-glucosylcimifugin group, the AUC(0-t)., and AUC(0-∞) of p-O-glucosylcimifugin as well as the C(max) of cimifugin significantly increased (P < 0.05) in calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside-prim-O-glucosylcimifugin group. Calycosin-7-O-β-D-glucoside could enhance the absorption of prim-O-glucosylcimifugin and cimifugin and improve the bioavailability, explaining preliminarily the rationality of Astragali Radix-Saposhnikoviae Radix herb couple.
Animals ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromones ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drug Interactions ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; blood ; pharmacology ; Isoflavones ; blood ; pharmacology ; Male ; Monosaccharides ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Xanthenes ; blood ; pharmacokinetics