To provide suggestions for perfecting essential drug centralized bidding and purchasing system. Methods:Using literature method to analyze comparatively essential drug bidding purchasing implement plans of 30 provinces in China. Results:Bidding mode in most provinces was double envelope system. Most evaluation methods did not distinguish the quality level, while there were great differences among provincial evaluation standard and scores of economic, technical and business bidding. Conclusion: To explore scientific and reasonable evaluation standard, it needs to establish an authoritative evaluation system for reference, choose the objective index as far as possible and properly increase the amount of bidding manufacturer.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression change of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) and nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB) induced by Xuemaitong capsule (XMT) preconditioning on rats of myocardial ischemia, and provide experimental evidence for the protection of XMT.

METHOD60 wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 roups: the control group, the model group, the three difference dose groups of XMT. The groups of XMT were treated by continuous 14 days intragastric administration. After 14 days, except the control group, all groups were continuous 2 days subcutaneous injected with isoproterenol 30 mg x kg(-1) every day. Before and 5, 10, 20, 30 minutes after subcutaneous injection, electrocardiogram were recorded, immunohistochemical staining, RT-PCR and image analysis were also measured for the investigation of the expression of MMP-9 and NF-KB in the ischemic region.

RESULTCompared with the model group, the delta sigma-ST of electrocardiogram of the high dose, middle dose, low dose groups of XMT decreased at different degree. Pathological conditions of ischemic myocardial ameliorated. The immunohistochemical staining and RT-PCR indicated that the expression of MMP-9 and NF-kappaB decreased in the high dose group (P < 0.05), the mRNA expression of MMP-9 and NF-kappaB decreased in the high dose group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe expression of MMP-9 and NF-kappaB increased after myocardial ischemia After high dose treated by XMT, the expression reduction of MMP-9 and NF-kappaB indicated that XMT played an important preventive role in acute myocardial ischemia.

Animals ; Capsules ; Disease Models, Animal ; Down-Regulation ; drug effects ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Gene Expression ; drug effects ; Humans ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Myocardial Ischemia ; drug therapy ; genetics ; metabolism ; prevention & control ; NF-kappa B ; genetics ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Salvia miltiorrhiza is a highly valued traditional chinese medicine for the treatment of atherosclerosis-related disorders in china, such as cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases in China. The wilt disease is serious in the culture of S. miltiorrhiza. Wilt disease cause biomass of plant shoots and roots is lessened, active components are decreased. To solve these problems, we research the pathogen causing wilt disease of S. miltiorrhiza. The suspected pathogen is identified by morphology and etiological test. The identification was further confirmed by alignment the sequences of internal transcribed spacer (ITS) amplified by PCR. Our result show the wilt disease of S. miltiorrhiza mostly occurred in July and August, which is hot and wetter. The wilt disease rate of S. miltiorrhiza continuous cropping for one year in S. miltiorrhiz stubble is 10%, but the wilt disease rate of S. miltiorrhiza continuous cropping for three years in S. miltiorrhiz stubble is 60%-70%. The root rot of S. miltiorrhiz caused by the wilt disease, so the wilt disease was mistaken for the rot root in production. Morphological characteristics show the pathogen is Fusarium oxysporum. The sequence of ITS wes determined and found by BLAST shared 99% identity to that of F. oxysporum f. sp. cucumerinum. So it comes to the conclusion that the causing agent of wilt disease on S. miltiorrhiza belongs to F. oxysporum.
DNA, Intergenic ; genetics ; Fusarium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Plant Diseases ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; microbiology ; Seasons

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and the possible mechanism of Jiexiao Oral Liquid (JXOL) in preventing and curing virus induced asthma in children.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty patients of acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURTI) with asthma history were randomly divided into 2 groups. JXOL was given to the treated group within 24 hrs after occurrence of AURTI symptoms, and virazole of 10-15 mg.kg-1.d-1 was given to the control group, the therapeutic course for both groups was 7 days. Changes of clinical symptoms, signs, therapeutic effect, pulmonary function and immuno-globulin in patients were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of the treated group was 83.8%, the clinical control rate was 48.8%, while those in the control group were 62.5% and 23.8% respectively, showing significant difference between them (P < 0.01). JXOL could obviously improve the indexes of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), reduce the level of IgE, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); it also showed significant difference as compared with those in the control group after treatment. The changes of IgA, IgG and IgM after treatment showed insignificant difference.

CONCLUSIONJXOL was effective in preventing and curing virus induced asthma in children, it also shows pulmonary function improving and immune regulating effects.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; complications ; virology

Objective The hearing and speech rehabilitation effects by hearing aid use and cochlear implanta‐tion in hearing -impaired children were compared .Methods A total of infants aged from 6 months to 3 years with severe hearing loss of prelingual nature were included .They were divided into 2 groups :group 1 (18 with hearing aids) and group 2 (14 with cochlear implantation) .There was no significant difference in the degree of hearing loss and age between the 2 groups .They received rehabilitation education of the same content for a year .Their unaided and aided thresholds were tested in sound field while the IT -MAIS was used for evaluating hearing ability of two groups before and after 3 ,6 ,9 ,and 12 months of hearing aid use and cochlear implantation .Results In both groups ,hearing were better in aided conditions than those of in unaided ,while those from the cochlear group were significantly improved at more frequencies than those of the hearing aid group .In general ,the longer use and train‐ing ,the better hearing improvement .The mean scores of auditory performance in the cochlear implantation group at 6 months were significantly higher in comparison with those at 3 months (P<0 .05) .There were significant differ‐ences in mean scores between the two groups at 6 ,9 ,12 months after fitting (P<0 .05) .The verbal ability scores ,hearing and speech rehabilitation levels in the cochlear group were higher than those of in the hearing aid group (P<0 .05) .Conclusion For severe hearing loss children ,cochlear implantation could produce more noticeable effects than hearing aids .

Objective To construct a specific small interfering double-stranded RNA(siRNA) expression vector of Caspase-12 and to evaluate inhibitory effect of this siRNA on caspase-12 mRNA activity.Methods Three groups of siRNA targeting different gene sites of caspase-12 were designed and synthesized chemically.Mouse hepatoma cell line,Hepa1-6,was transfected with the siRNA by 24 h.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR)was performed to analyze the inhibi- tion of caspase-12.Then the most effective siRNA was selected and the two template sequences for the siRNA were inserted into pRNAT-H1.1Neo expression vector.The recombinant plasmid, referred to as pRNAT-casp12,was verified by PCR analysis and sequencing.The expression of caspase-12 at mRNA and protein level,after transfection with pRNAT-casp12 by 48 h and 72 h respectively,were analyzed by using real-time PCR and Western blotting.Results The chemically synthesized siRNA*1 and siRNA*3 could inhibit mouse hepatoma cell caspase-12 mRNA by 59.9% and 39.6%(P

OBJECTIVETo study the association of integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) gene C807T, integrin beta-3 (ITGB3) gene T176C polymorphisms with ischemic stroke and the effect of the polymorphisms on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing were used to detect the integrin genotypes in 265 patients with ischemic stroke and 280 healthy controls. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by routine method.

RESULTSPlasma total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the patients with ischemic stroke were significantly higher than those in the controls (P< 0.05). The distributions of the ITGB3 gene T176C polymorphism were not different between the ischemic stroke group and control group, but the ITGA2 gene C807T polymorphism was significantly different. The relative risk suffering from ischemic stroke of the T allele carrier was 1.455 times as that of the C allele carrier (OR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.134-1.866). The level of plasma lipid in the T allele carriers was significantly higher than that in the C allele carriers (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe ITGA2 gene C807T polymorphism was associated with ischemic stroke, the 807 T allele may be a genetic risk factor for ischemic stroke. The ITGA2 gene C807T polymorphism may affect ischemic stroke through plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels.

Brain Ischemia ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cholesterol, LDL ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Integrin alpha2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Integrin beta3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; genetics ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective: To explore the application value of bedside nasojejunal feeding tube placement using four steps of ultrasonic-assisted method in critical ill patients. Method: Thirty-three critical ill patients receiving enteral nutrition were enrolled. We adopt four steps of ultrasonic guidance to conduct nasojejunal feeding tube placement. The details were as followed: nasojejunal feeding tube placement within the esophagus, within Gastric body, within After the pylorus, at last the location of nasojejunal feeding tube. Results: The placement of nasojejunal feeding tube was successful in 28 patients, failed in 2 patients. The failure reason include that the false appearance of pylorus through and the lost gastrointestinal motility led to the sticking of nasojejunal feeding tube on arcus major ventriculi and it couldn't enter into gastric antrum and pylorus. Conclusion: The application of nasojejunal feeding tube placement by four steps of ultrasonic-assisted is a novel feeding technique, and it's simple, effective, noninvasive and repeatability procedure with a high success rate and low complications.

BACKGROUNDAlthough flunarizine has been widely used for migraine prophylaxis with clear success, the mechanisms of its actions in migraine prophylaxis are not completely understood. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of flunarizine on tetrodotoxin-resistant Na(+) channels and high-voltage activated Ca(2+) channels of acutely isolated mouse trigeminal ganglion neurons.

METHODSSodium currents and calcium currents in trigeminal ganglion neurons were monitored using whole-cell patch-clamp recordings. Paired Student's t test was used as appropriate to evaluate the statistical significance of differences between two group means.

RESULTSBoth tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents and high-voltage activated calcium currents were blocked by flunarizine in a concentration-dependent manner with the concentration producing half-maximal current block values of 2.89 µmol/L and 2.73 µmol/L, respectively. The steady-state inactivation curves of tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents and high-voltage activated calcium currents were shifted towards more hyperpolarizing potentials after exposure to flunarizine. Furthermore, the actions of flunarizine in blocking tetrodotoxin-resistant sodium currents and high-voltage activated calcium currents were use-dependent, with effects enhanced at higher rates of channel activation.

CONCLUSIONBlockades of these currents might help explain the peripheral mechanism underlying the preventive effect of flunarizine on migraine attacks.

Animals ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Female ; Flunarizine ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Sodium ; metabolism ; Trigeminal Ganglion ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of intervention therapy with Shentao Ruangan pill (SRP) and hydroxycamptothecine (HCPT) in treating 85 patients with middle-advanced large hepatocarcinoma, and to analyze the factors that could affect the prognosis.

METHODSEighty-five patients were randomly divided into the treated group (n = 52) and the control group (n = 33). The treated group was treated by oral taking of SRP combined with local perfusion of HCPT through hepatic artery catheterization, while to the control group, the conventional therapy, transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) was conducted for control. The clinical efficacy of treatment in the two groups was evaluated by the change of tumor size, the factors related with prognosis were analyzed using Cox proportional hazards model and the analysis of survival conducted by Kaplan-Meier method.

RESULTS(1) The tumor size reducing rate in the treated group was 19.2% and the tumor size stabilizing rate was 82.7%, while those in the control group was 21.2% and 81.8% respectively, comparison of the criteria between the two groups showed insignificant difference (P > 0.05); (2) The median survival time, 0.5- year, 1- year and 2- year survival rate in the treated group was 326 days, 80.95%, 41.39% and 12.42% respectively, those in the control group was 262 days, 64.29%, 25.00% and 8.33% respectively, comparison between the two groups showed significant difference (P < 0.05); (3) Among the 3 TCM types in patients, the survival time and rates in patients of Gan-excess with Pi-deficiency type was similar to those in patients of Gan-heat with blood stasis type showing insignificant difference (P > 0.05), but as compared with those in patients of Gan-Shen Yin-deficiency type, the difference was significant (P < 0.05) ; (4) Beneficial factor to the prognosis were therapeutic method, that used in the treated group was superior to that used in the control group. The risk factors to the prognosis were TCM type, clinical stage and liver function. Patients of Gan-excess with Pi-deficiency type had the optimal prognosis, those of Gan-heat with blood stasis type the next and of Gan-Shen Yin-deficiency the worst. The later the clinical stage and the worse the Child-Pugh grade of liver function was, the worse the prognosis would be.

CONCLUSION(1) SRP combined with HCPT intervention treatment is superior to the simple TACE treatment in elevating patients' survival rate and time; (2) There are some relations between TCM types and prognosis; (3) Local Chinese drug therapy combined with systemic therapy could be one of the effective measures of non-operational therapy in treating large hepatocarcinoma.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Enbucrilate ; administration & dosage ; analogs & derivatives ; Female ; Hepatic Artery ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Treatment Outcome