OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on serum content of neuronal specific enolase (NSE) and function recovery in patients with cerebral hemorrhage (CH) for exploring the therapeutic action of PNS in treating CH.

METHODSFifty CH patients with their course of disease not more than 5 days were randomly assigned to two groups, 27 in the PNS group and 23 in the control group, all were treated with conventional treatment, while PNS was given additionally to the PNS group. The serum levels of NSE before and after treatment were determined by electrochemiluminescence, and the recovery of patients, including their neuro-function deficit and daily living activity, was assessed according to scoring by the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and Barthel Index (BI) respectively.

RESULTSBefore treatment, the difference between the two groups in serum NSE content and scores of NIHSS and BI was insignificant (P > 0.05). However, after 3 weeks of treatment, the level of NSE and score of NIHSS were significantly lower, while score of BI was significantly higher in the PNS group than those in the control group respectively (all P < 0.01). In the PNS group, the level of NSE showed a positive correlation with the score of NIHSS (r = 0.757, P < 0.05), and a negative correlation with the score of BI (r = - 0.803, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONPNS can effectively protect the neuron and promote functional rehabilitation in patients after CH.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers ; blood ; Cerebral Hemorrhage ; blood ; drug therapy ; rehabilitation ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; Phosphopyruvate Hydratase ; blood ; Phytotherapy ; Saponins ; therapeutic use ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect and the possible mechanism of Jiexiao Oral Liquid (JXOL) in preventing and curing virus induced asthma in children.

METHODSOne hundred and sixty patients of acute upper respiratory tract infection (AURTI) with asthma history were randomly divided into 2 groups. JXOL was given to the treated group within 24 hrs after occurrence of AURTI symptoms, and virazole of 10-15 mg.kg-1.d-1 was given to the control group, the therapeutic course for both groups was 7 days. Changes of clinical symptoms, signs, therapeutic effect, pulmonary function and immuno-globulin in patients were observed.

RESULTSThe total effective rate of the treated group was 83.8%, the clinical control rate was 48.8%, while those in the control group were 62.5% and 23.8% respectively, showing significant difference between them (P < 0.01). JXOL could obviously improve the indexes of forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1) and peak expiratory flow (PEF), reduce the level of IgE, as compared with those before treatment, the difference was significant (P < 0.01 or P < 0.05); it also showed significant difference as compared with those in the control group after treatment. The changes of IgA, IgG and IgM after treatment showed insignificant difference.

CONCLUSIONJXOL was effective in preventing and curing virus induced asthma in children, it also shows pulmonary function improving and immune regulating effects.

Adolescent ; Asthma ; drug therapy ; prevention & control ; virology ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; blood ; Immunoglobulin E ; blood ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Phytotherapy ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; complications ; virology

To explore effect of autoantibody on identification of ABO and RhD blood group, the blood samples of 38 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) were identified by routine typing and typing after chloroquine elution test as well as PCR. The results showed that out of 38 patients with AIHA, 11 cases (31.6%) of ABO blood group were difficulty typed, indirect antiglobulin test were positive, and contradiction between cells typing and sera typing were observed. 1 case of RhD(-) was mistyped as RhD(+) and anti-D was found in its serum. The blood group of these cases were typed correctly by chloroquine elution test. It is concluded that blood group identification of patients with AIHA can be interfered by autoantibody, and the correct typing for blood group of these patients may be determined by using combination of several methods to ensure safe transfusion.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; blood ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

OBJECTIVETo study the association of integrin alpha-2 (ITGA2) gene C807T, integrin beta-3 (ITGB3) gene T176C polymorphisms with ischemic stroke and the effect of the polymorphisms on plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels.

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) and DNA sequencing were used to detect the integrin genotypes in 265 patients with ischemic stroke and 280 healthy controls. The plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels were measured by routine method.

RESULTSPlasma total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerol (TG) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) in the patients with ischemic stroke were significantly higher than those in the controls (P< 0.05). The distributions of the ITGB3 gene T176C polymorphism were not different between the ischemic stroke group and control group, but the ITGA2 gene C807T polymorphism was significantly different. The relative risk suffering from ischemic stroke of the T allele carrier was 1.455 times as that of the C allele carrier (OR=1.455, 95%CI: 1.134-1.866). The level of plasma lipid in the T allele carriers was significantly higher than that in the C allele carriers (P< 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe ITGA2 gene C807T polymorphism was associated with ischemic stroke, the 807 T allele may be a genetic risk factor for ischemic stroke. The ITGA2 gene C807T polymorphism may affect ischemic stroke through plasma lipid and lipoprotein levels.

Brain Ischemia ; blood ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cholesterol, LDL ; genetics ; metabolism ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Humans ; Integrin alpha2 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Integrin beta3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; genetics ; Lipids ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

AIMTo investigate the effects of Angelica sinensis on the expression of Flt-1, Flk-1 mRNA after the ischemic brain injury in rats.

METHODSWistar rats randomly divided into two groups: group A rats underwent middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) for 2 hours by suture, group B rats underwent MCAO for 2 hours meanwhile received treatment with Angelica sinensis (5g/kg). At 1 st d, 3 rd d and 7 th d after reperfusion, 36 rats( n = 18 in each group) were assessed by neurological scale and brain tissue was taken to assess the lesion ration with 2, 3, 5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) staining. The other rats (n = 3 at different time points in each group) were decapitated at 3 h, 6 h, 12 h , 1 st d, 3 rd d, 7 th d after reperfusion. Quantitative reverse transcription and polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) technique was used to examine the gene expression of Flt-1, Flk-1.

RESULTSThe neurologic deficit score of rats in group B decreased significantly compared with group A at the same time point (P < 0.05). The infarct volume of group A was significant greater than group B at the same time point after reperfusion (P < 0.01). The results of RT-PCR revealed that the gene expression of Flt-1, Flk-1 in the two groups increased from 3 h after reperfusion and reached its peak at the time of 3 rd d after reperfusion, then declined gradually. The gene expression of Flt-1, Flk-1 in the group B was significantly increased than group A at the same time point (P < 0.01). The gene expression of Flk-1 was positive correlated with Flt-1 in two groups (r = 0.957).

CONCLUSIONThe increasing amount of Flt-1, Flk-1 expression was enhanced by Angelica sinensis following transient interruption of cerebral blood flow in rats.

Angelica sinensis ; Animals ; Brain Ischemia ; metabolism ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-1 ; metabolism ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor-2 ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression and distribution of intrahepatic CD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells in immuno-tolerant and immuno-clearance phase of patients with chronic hepatitis B.

METHODSThe expression of FoxP3 was detected in 19 cases of immuno-tolerant phase and 12 cases of immuno-clearance phase by immunohistochemistry. The relation between the intrahepatic expression of FoxP3 and the clinicopathological features were analyzed.

RESULTSThe positive signal of FoxP3 is located in nuclear of lymphocyte and mainly aggregated in portal areas as well as occasionally scattered in hepatic sinusoids. The expression of intrahepatic FoxP3 in the group of immuno-tolerant phase was significantly increased than those in normal control (P < 0.01), and greatly decreased than those in immuno-clearance phase (P < 0.01). No correlation was observed among the expression of intrahepatic FoxP3, ALT, levels of HBV DNA, HBeAg positive, in patients of immuno-clearance phase, respectively. There were significant differences between immuno-tolerant phase and immuno-clearance phase age, ALT, TBIL, PTA, HBV-DNA and detection of HBeAg but not in sex and family history of HBV infection.

CONCLUSIONCD4+ CD25+ regulatory T cells may play important roles in the clearance of HBV as well as in liver inflammation and injury during chronic HBV infection.

Adolescent ; Adult ; CD4 Antigens ; immunology ; Female ; Forkhead Transcription Factors ; genetics ; immunology ; Gene Expression ; Hepatitis B virus ; immunology ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; genetics ; immunology ; virology ; Humans ; Interleukin-2 Receptor alpha Subunit ; immunology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; T-Lymphocytes, Regulatory ; immunology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore Chinese medical syndrome distribution features of Japanese encephalitis (JE), and to analyze its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses.

METHODSRecruited were 277 patients with confirmative diagnosis of JE from Wuhan Medical Treatment Center, Children's Hospital Affiliated to Chongqing Medical University, Fifth People's Hospital of Guiyang City, Hangzhou Sixth People's Hospital, and Chengdu Hospital of Infectious Diseases between July to September 2012. Chinese medical syndrome distribution features were summarized from their general materials and detailed records of clinical data, including medical history, symptoms and signs, tongue fur, and pulse figures.The frequency of symptoms and signs was calculated according to mild, ordinary, severe, extreme severe degrees. The distribution of Chinese medical syndromes was summarized. And its correlation between syndromes and features of etiologies and pathogeneses were analyzed.

RESULTSAfter clustering analysis, Chinese medical syndromes of JE could be categorized as four groups: toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei syndrome (TAFWS), brain collateral impaired by poison syndrome (BCIPS), depression of toxicity in the pericardium syndrome (DTPS), exhaustion of yin and yang syndrome (EYYS). BCIPS and DTPS were dominated, accounting for 74.0% (205 cases). The main causes covered evil of summer heat [accounting for 92.42% (256/277 cases)], heat [accounting for 87.73% (243/277 cases)], and toxin [accounting for 99.64% (276/277 cases)].

CONCLUSIONSThe four Chinese medical syndrome types of JE met Chinese medical clinical features of encephalitis. It is induced by infestation of dampness-heat, resulting in toxicity accumulation in Fei and Wei, brain collateral impaired by poison, depression of toxicity in the pericardium. Yin fluid and blood is exhausted as time goes by. Qi and yin are impaired to form intermingled deficiency and excess, and finally causing exhaustion of yin and yang.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Encephalitis, Japanese ; diagnosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; methods ; Yang Deficiency ; diagnosis ; Yin Deficiency ; diagnosis

Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Myxoma ; diagnosis

New Chemical Entities (NCEs) development is a systematic long-term project that involves multiple disciplines. The translation research will help to build an advanced R&D system from the basic laboratory research, preclinical studies and clinical evaluation to clinical application of drug, for the purpose of shortening the R&D cycle and accelerate the launch of new drugs. In new drug R&D and its clinical application, drug disposition (absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion, ADME) properties are important criteria for assessing drug-likeness of candidates. ADME evaluation of NCEs plays an important role in the translation research throughout innovative drug R&D process. Therefore, ADME evaluation at the early stage of drug design and development will be helpful to improve the success rate and reduce costs, and further access to safe, effective drugs.
Absorption ; Biological Transport ; Drug Design ; Drug Evaluation, Preclinical ; Pharmaceutical Preparations ; chemistry ; metabolism ; Pharmacokinetics ; Tissue Distribution ; Translational Medical Research

This study is to elucidate the metabolic pathway of 1,2-[bis (1,2-benzisoselenazolone-3 (2H)-ketone)]-ethane (BBSKE) in rats. Rats were administrated with a single dose of BBSKE 200 mg x kg(-1). The metabolites in rat urine, feces, bile and plasma were identified by LC-MSn analysis. The characterization of fragment ions from LC-MSn chromatography and mass spectrometry was applied to the investigation of structures of metabolites. Three phase I metabolites were detected in rat urine and feces. Two of them were also found in plasma and one existed in bile. These products were derived from oxidized, methylated and S-methylated BBSKE, separately. One phase II glucuronide of BBSKE was also found in bile. Therefore, it is possible that BBSKE was metabolized by oxidization, methylation and glucuronidation.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Antineoplastic Agents ; administration & dosage ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Bile ; metabolism ; Bridged Bicyclo Compounds, Heterocyclic ; administration & dosage ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Feces ; chemistry ; Male ; Organoselenium Compounds ; administration & dosage ; blood ; metabolism ; urine ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization