Objective To study the neuropsychological behavior development of preterm infants and low birth weight infants,and to provide a reference to the early prevention and intervention on developmental retardations.Methods A total of 101 preterm infants and/or low birth weight infants received the infant development test of 0 ～ 6 year-old children intelligence developmental scale for neurological development and autism behavior checklist(ABC).Results 25 boys and 5 girls suffered from different psychological mental disorders.The occurrences were as follows:10 cases with mental retardation,9 cases with the language development delay,9 cases with motor retardation,1 case with cerebral palsy and 1 case with autism spectrum disorder.The incidence of intelligence problems were that language retardation (18.9％),the fine motor (16.8％),the adapative ability (12.6％),social action (9.5 ％) and the motor delay (3.2％).There were significant differences in the scores of social communication(x2=8.88,P=0.003),adaptive ability(x2=7.41,P=0.007),the fine motor(x2 =6.22,P=0.01) and total developmental quotient(x2 =5.58,P=0.02) between city children'and rural area.The behavioral problems more consisted in self-care ability and language retardation.Conclusion Preterm infants and low birth weight infants are exposed to language,fine motor,adaptive and communication ability problems,especially the children living in country.It is necessary to improve the early education and intervention for the rural preterm infants and low birth weight infants.

Objective To explore the clinical application and outlook of anterior segment observation with Stratus optical coherence tomography(Stratus OCT).Design Prospective case series.Participants 56 eyes in 38 patients with primary angle closure glaucoma (PACG).Methods Morphological changes of anterior chamber angle (ACA) were observed with Stratus OCT before and 4 weeks after laser iridectomy.Opening status of ACA were described and measured with Photoshop software.Main Outcome Measures Opening degree of ACA and ratio of anterior chamber depth to thickness of cornea.Results To a great deal of extent,Stratus OCT could be used to observe the appearance of ACA. Clear images of ACA could be acquired.The ACA before laser was (15.67?5.33) degree and significantly reopened to(26.56?8.17) degree after laser iridectomy (P=0.000).The ratio of anterior chamber depth to thickness of cornea was also changed from (0.39?0.13) pre-treatment to (0.89?0.32) pest-treatment(P=0.000).Conclusions Stratus OCT could be applied to observe the changes of opening degree of ACA easily.The standard of quantization should be consummated in the future.

Objective To explore the influence of helicobacter pylori(Hp) on gastric motor function in children with chronic gastrictis.Methods Forty-seven children with chronic gastrictis were classified into Hp positive and negative groups according to Hp and histology exa-mination.Each child underwent gastric emptying test of solid by using nuclide method and electrogastrogram(EGG) examination.These cases with Hp-positive acceptted these triple eradication therapy[clarithromycin 15 mg/(kg?d),amoxicillin 50 mg/(kg?d),omeprazole 0.8 mg/(kg?d)]for 2 weeks,and underwent EGG examination again after eradicating Hp.Results The half emptying time(GET_1/2)in Hp-positive gastric group were significantly longer than those in Hp-negative group(t=6.403 P

AIM:To investigate whether gold nanoparticles (GNPs) reverses adriamycin (ADM), resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma drug-resistant cell line HepG2/ADM and to explore the potential mechanism.METH-ODS:The sensitivities of HepG2 cells and HepG2/ADM cells to ADM were tested by MTT assay before and after GNPs pretreatment.The apoptotic rate was examined by flow cytometry.The concentration of ADM in HepG2/ADM or HepG2 cells was determined by ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometer .The content of glutathione ( GSH ) in HepG2/ADM or HepG2 cells by DTNB method.RESULTS:The half maximal inhibitory concentrations ( IC50 ) of ADM for HepG2/ADM cells were(29.46 ±1.73) mg/L and (15.18 ±0.85) mg/L before and after GNPs pretreatment,respectively.The IC50 of ADM for HepG2 cells was (9.16 ±2.03) mg/L before pretreatment.The apoptotic rate in GNPs+ADM group was higher than that in ADM group ( P<0.05 ) .The concentration of ADM in HepG2/ADM group was lower than that in HepG2 group (P<0.01).After GNPs pretreatment, the concentration of ADM in HepG2/ADM cells was higher than that before pretreatment.The content of GSH in HepG2/ADM group was higher than that in HepG2 group (P<0.01).After GNPs pretreatment, the content of GSH in the HepG2/ADM cells was lower than that before pretreatment.CONCLUSION:Gold nanoparticles can reverse ADM resistance of human hepatocellular carcinoma drug-resistant cell line HepG2/ADM,
reduce the content of GSH and increase the concentration of ADM in HepG2/ADM cells.

Objective To study the treatment effect on H22 tumor-bearing mice using ultrasound (US) combined with hematoporphyrin-loaded PLGA ultrasound contrast agents (HP-PLGA). Methods Hematoporphyrin-loaded PLGA ultrasound contrast agents were prepared using the technique of double emulsion, and the properties of the contrast agents were detected. Then 30 H22 tumor-bearing mice were averagely divided into 5 groups for different treatment. The growth curve of H22 tumor was depicted within 15 days after treatment. The inhibition rate of tumor quality on the 15th day and the index about apoptosis and proliferation on tumor of each group were measured, respectively. Results Self-made hematoporphyrin-loaded PLGA ultrasound contrast agents had mean size of 602.3 nm with encapsulation efficiency of 63.50% and drug loading of 2.15%. After treatment, tumors of the E group (US+HP-PLGA) grew most slowly compared with other groups. The inhibition rate of tumor quality and the apoptotic index in E group were significantly higher than those in other four groups (P＜0.05), while the proliferation index in E group was significantly lower than that in other groups (P＜0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound combined with hematoporphyrin-loaded PLGA ultrasound contrast agents could inhibit growth and promote the apoptosis of H22 tumor in mice, providing a novel strategy for sonodynamic therapy on the tumor.

Objective To compare the biological characteristics of several different anxiety rat models established by different methods of stress at different time points and provide experimental basis for the most appropriate modeling methods .Methods 60 rats were randomly divided into normal , empty bottle stress , chronic emotional stress ( CES ) group, restraint stress for 3h, 6h, and modeling respectively .In the experimental 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, elevated plus maze and fear condition system was used to test anxiety-like behavior in rats , open field test to study anxiety or depression-like behavior , forced swimming test was used to detect depression-like behavior in rats , and using the Elisa test kit to detect the contents of 5-HT, DA in the hippocampus in rats .Results Anxiety-like behavioral test results showed that rats in empty bottle stress, CES, 6 h restraint stress group started to have anxiety-like behavior since 14 d, then anxiety-like behavior was becoming increasingly apparent .Forced swimming test results showed that immobility time in 6 h restraint rats was significantly increased in the first 7 d(P <0.05).Meanwhile, compared with control group, hippocampal 5-HT, DA contents in empty bottle stress and CES rats increased significantly since 14 d.Conclusions Among several stress methods established anxiety model , anxiety-like behavior in 3 h restraint stress was not obvious; 6 h restraint stress exhibited a depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test might be due to prolonged stress .Empty bottle stress and CES can successfully establish the anxiety rat model , and the anxiety behavior of the rats have some differences . Corresponding model methods can be selected according to different experimental purposes .

Objective To observe the effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Formula (ZJJF) on the ability of learning and memory and the expressions of JNK, Bcl-2 and Bax in hippocampus in diabetic rats with depression; To explore the protective mechanism of hippocampal damage in diabetic rats with depression. Methods High-fat gavage combined with intravenous injection of STZ was used to establish the model of diabetic rats. 28 days of chronic stress was given continuously and diabetic rats complicated with depression were built successfully. Then rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, including normal, model, positive medicine, high-, medium-, and low-dose of ZJJF groups. After the last administration, Morris water maze was used to detect escape latency time;Western blot was used to disclose the protein expressions of JNK, Bcl-2 and Bax in rat hippocampaus;RT-PCR was used to test the gene expressions of JNK and Bcl-2 and Bax. Results Compared with the normal group, escape latency time in model rats was significant longer (P<0.01), the protein and gene expression of JNK and Bax in rat hippocampaus significantly increased, Bcl-2 was markedly decreased (P<0.05, P<0.01);Compared with the model group, escape latency time in positive medicine group and high-dose of ZJJF group was significant shorter (P<0.01), the protein and gene expressions of JNK and Bax significantly decreased, and Bcl-2 markedly increased (P<0.05, P<0.01). Conclusion ZJJF can significantly improve the ability of learning and memory in diabetic rats with depression, which might be associated with preventing neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus.

Objective To study the content of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factor in the hippocampus, amygdala and prefrontal cortex in anxious depression rats, and explore the possible pathogenesis.Methods 60 SD rats were randomly divided into normal group, vehicle group, anxiety group, depression group, and anxious depression group, 12 rats in each group.Chronic restraint stress combined with corticosterone injection was used to establish anxiety and depression model, the modeling time was 21 d.After modeling, elevated plus maze test, open field test, and forced swimming test were used to evaluate the anxiety and depression-like behavior, HPLC-ECD was used to detect the content of 5-HT, NE, and DA in the hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex of rats.Western-blotting was used to detect the expression of BDNF and NT-3 in rats.Results Rats in anxious depression model group were comparable to the anxiety group in time and frequency entering open arm time, and number of locomotor activity in open field, and it had a significant difference when compared with the control and depression groups (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Immobile time in anxious depression model rats was increased significantly when compared with the control and anxiety groups (P<0.01).Meanwhile, compared with the control group, 5-HT in hippocampus and 5-HT, NE in amygdala or prefrontal cortex were significantly decreased in the depressive rats with anxiety (P<0.01 or P<0.05).Moreover, the content of BDNF and NT-3 was significantly decreased in each brain regions compared with the control group (P<0.01 or P<0.05), and BDNF levels were obviously decreased compared with the anxiety group (P<0.05).Conclusions Rats of anxious depression have significant anxiety and depression-like behaviors.Its mechanism may be associated with the down-regulation of monoamine neurotransmitters and neurotrophic factors BDNF and NT-3 in hippocampus, amygdala, and prefrontal cortex region.

Objective To investigate the effects of Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Prescription on neurotrophic effects of astrocytes in diabetes mellitus rats with depression. Methods The diabetes mellitus with depression rat models were established by composite method, and then were randomly divided into 5 groups: model group, positive group, Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Prescription high-, medium-, low-dose groups, with 12 rats in each group. 12 normal rats were set as control group. Each administration group was given relevenat medicine for gavage for continuous 4 weeks. Open-field test was used to evaluate the depression-like behavior. The expression of GFAP in astrocyte and MAP2 in neuron were tested by immunohistochemistry. The expression of protein and mRNA of BDNF, GDNF, and NGF were tested by Western blot and RT-PCR. Results Compared with the control group, the activities of rats in model group were significantly reduced. The expression of GFAP increased, while the expressions of MAP2, BDNF, GDNF and NGF decreased. Compared with the model group, the depression-like behavior of rats in model group were significantly improved. The expression of GFAP decreased, while the expressions of MAP2, BDNF, GDNF and NGF increased, and GFAP decrseaed significantly. Conclusion The secretion function of astrocyte can be improved by Zuogui Jiangtang Jieyu Prescription. Its anti-depression and neuron-protection function might be correlated with the enhancement of neurotrophic effects of astrocytes.

Objective To study the changes of behavior and depression-like classic indicators after hippocampal microinjection of K252a,and to establish a new animal model of depression.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into five groups,namely the control group,sham group,chronic stress depression model group,hippocampal of K252a microinjection group,and hippocampal microinjection K252a plus chronic stress group.Open field experiments,sucrose consumption test,and Morris water maze behavioral assay were used to assess the behavioral changes in the rats.ELISA was used to detect the plasma monoamine neurotransmitter,radioimmunoassay was used to determine the plasma CRH,ACTH,CORT contents,and western-blotting was performed to observe the protein expression of BDNF,CREB,ERK1/2,and BCL-2 in the hippocampus.Results Compared with the control group,the amount of activity,sugar consumption,learning and memory abilities were decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),also the serum monoamine neurotransmitters were decreased (P<0.01),HPA axis function was improved (P<0.01),and the expression of BDNF,CREB,ERK1/2,BCL-2 decreased in the CUMS group(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but there was no significant difference in the DMSO group.Compared with the DMSO group,the activity,consumption of sucrose,learning and memory ability were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),while the HPA axis function was increased (P<0.05 or P<0.01),the serum monoamine neurotransmitters decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the BDNF,CREB,ERK1/2,BCL-2 expressions in the hypocampus were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01) in the K252a group and K252a + CUMS group.Compared with the CUMS group,the K252a group and K252a + CUMS group did not show significant changes in these parameters.Compared with the K252a group,these indicators were not significantly changed in the K252a + CUMS group.Conclusions The results of behavior,hematology,and molecular biology analysis show that this model has a great similarity to the classical model of CUMS in surface validity,construct validity,and functional validity.It may provide an alternative investigative technology platform for basic research and antidepressant drug screening.