Multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) is an important area of critical medicine study.Establishing a suitable animal model is one of the important manner in the study.This article has reviewed the choice of animal,assessment of model and the method of making model.

Objective To screen for differentially expressed proteins in sera from patients with common types of psoriasis,and to identify plasma protein markers for psoriasis.Methods Serum samples were collected from 6 patients with progressive psoriasis vulgaris,5 patients with erythroderma psoriaticum,and 6 healthy human controls,and then pooled into 3 pools:psoriasis vulgaris pool,erythroderma psoriaticum pool and control pool.After removal of high-abundance albumin and IgG,the pooled samples were analyzed by two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE).An electrophoretic gel image analysis software was used to locate differentially expressed protein spots followed by peptide mass fingerprinting with matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS).The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) protein databases were then searched for the identification of differentially expressed proteins.Results All the three pooled serum samples were well seperated by 2-DE.As the gel image analysis software showed,there were 33 protein spots differentially expressed between the patients with psoriasis vulgaris and the healthy controls,17 between the patients with erythroderma psoriaticum and the healthy controls,and 26 between the patients with psoriasis vulgaris and those with erythroderma psoriaticum.Finally,14 proteins were identified as differentially expressed proteins.The patients with psoriasis vulgaris showed higher expression of complement component 3,interleukin-16,vitamin D-binding protein and α1-antitrypsin compared with the healthy controls; the patients with erythroderma psoriaticum showed increased expression of complement component 3,complement component H,α1-antitrypsin,hemopexin and haptoglobin,but decreased expression of serum amyloid protein compared with the healthy controls,as well as enhanced expression of α1-antitrypsin,complement component H,complement component 4 and haptoglobin compared with those with psoriasis vulgaris.Conclusion Differences exist in serum protein profiles between patients with psoriasis vulgaris and erythroderma psoriaticum,and healthy human controls.

Objective To elucidate the effect of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)cross-reactive groups(CREGs)matching on the patient/graft survival rate of renal transplant recipients positive for penal-reactive antibody(PRA).Methods The PRA level and the HLA antibody specificity of renal transplant candidates were assayed using the LAT1240,LM720R,and SSP2LB kits.The appropriate donors were selected according to the CREGs matching standard.Results 112 recipients included 43 positive cases of HLA classⅠantibody,39 positive cases of HLA classⅡantibody,and 30 positive cases of bothⅠandⅡ.The HLA mismatching cases of 0,1,2,3,4 and 5 allele(s)were 6,39,38, 21,7 and 1,respectively.Hyper-acute rejection(2 cases),acute rejection(18 cases),chronic rejec- tion(5 cases),delayed graft function(4 cases),graft excision(one case)due to rejection and deaths (13 cases,5 with a functioning graft)occurred after transplant.Ninety-nine recipients and 96 grafts survived.The 1-,3-,and 5-year graft survival rate was 91.96%,86.96%,and 86.21%,respec- tively.Conclusion The HLA matching rate of patient/graft was elevated significantly and the effect of high PRA level was decreased according to the principle of CREGs,which increased the patient/graft survival rate remarkably in sensitized recipients.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine, mifepristone and dexmedetomidine plus mifepristone on the fear memory in rats with post?traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) . Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with 8 in each group:control group (group C),PTSD model group (group P),dexmedetomidine group (group D),mifepristone group ( group M) and dexmedetomidine plus mifepristone group ( group U) . Fear memory in rats was evaluated by fear conditioning test ( FC) . Anxiety?like behavior was assessed by the elevated plus?maze test ( EPM) . Ex?pressions of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the hippocampus of rats after fear condition were detected using Western blot ( WB) and CORT level in the serum was detected using enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with group P,the freezing scores in the FC in group D((32.29±8.09) %), M((33.33±8.21) %),and U((9.38±3.31) %) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The times and en?tries in the open arms of the EPM were significantly increased (P<0.05) . The expressions of BDNF in group D(0.65±0.04),M(0.71±0.04),U(0.79±0.07) and TrkB in group D(0.66±0.04),M(0.71±0.04),U (0.86±0.03) were obviously rescued in hippocampus of rats (P<0.05). The CORT level in serum in group D ((37.65±12.37)μg/L) and U((59.10±5.23)μg/L) was decreased (P<0.05). There was no difference be?tween group P and M. Conclusion These results suggest that dexmedetomidine, mifepristone and dexme?detomidine plus mifepristone can significantly enhance fear extinction and improve anxiety?like behaviors in rats with PTSD. The mechanism may be that dexmedetomidine and mifepristone could enhance the expres? sions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus.

Seven terpenoids and three sterols were isolated from the methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Ricinus communis by chromatography methods and their structures were identified by spectra analysis as ficusic acid( 1), phytol(2), callyspinol(3) , lupeol(4), 30-norlupan-3beta-ol-20-one(5) , lup-20(29)-en-3beta,15alpha-diol(6) , acetylaleuritolic acid( 7), stigmast4-en-3-one(8) , stig-mast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one(9) , and stigmast4-en-3,6-dione(10). Compounds 1-3 and 5-10 were obtained from this species for the first time and 5 and 6 showed significant inhibitive activity and good selectivity against 11beta-HSD of mouse and human in vitro. [Key words] Ricinus communis; terpenoids; sterols; 11beta-HSD
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Mice ; Ricinus ; chemistry ; Sterols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Terpenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

One new dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-N-methyl Glu-L-N-methyl Glu) (1), together with one new natural dicyclopeptide cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-methyl Glu ester) (2), and two known dicyclopeptides cyclo-(L-methyl Glu ester-L-Glu) (3), and cyclo-(L-Glu-L-Glu) (4), were isolated from the aerial parts of Dianthus chinensis L. Their structures were determined by spectroscopic analyses and chemical methods.
Dianthus ; chemistry ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Plant Components, Aerial ; chemistry ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry

Objective To establish animal models of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency and to compare the efficacy of different methods.Methods Rat models were established by iodoacetamide(IA)-treatment or combined with swimming.Appearance,body weight,food intake of the rats were observed,and serum motilin,cholecystokinin,lactate,gastrin content and urinary D-xylose excretion rates were detected to confirm whether the model of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency was established.Results The IA-treated rats had less food intake and a slower body weight gain.The IA-treated combined with swimming rats presented spleen-hypofunction symptoms,such as emaciation,hair dry and loose stools,their urinary D-xylose excretion rate,serum motilin,gastrin content were decreased,and serum cholecystokinin and lactate contents were increased significantly (P<0.05 for all).Conclusions All the three methods used in this study can result in symptoms of functional dyspepsia with spleen deficiency.However,IA-treatment combined with swimming models appear more close to spleen deficiency-like presentation,and the best model is the IA-treated combined with platform standing.

AIM: To evaluate the effects of the extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops in basic tears secretory volume, tear film stability, expression of androgen receptors(AR) in castrated rats with dry eye, and to investigate the therapeutic effects of extract of Buddleja officinalis on dry eye caused by gonadal hormones level imbalance. METHODS:A total of 45 Wistar masculinity rats were divided at random into 9 groups, including normal group(A1,A2 and A3), model group(B1,B2 and B3), therapy group with extract of Buddleja officinalis eye drops(C1,C2 and C3). The "1" stood for being fed for 1 month, and "2" for 2 months, and "3" for 3 months. The dry eye model was established with orchiectomy on group B,C. Group C was treated with Buddleja officinalis extract eye drops for one month. All rats were checked with Schirmer Ⅰ test (SⅠt) and tear film break-up time (BUT). Expression of AR was analyzed by flow cytometer(FCM). RESULTS:The SⅠt value of group C was significantly higher than that of group B (P<0.01) and the BUT value of group C was significantly longer than that of group B (P<0.01), which indicated the eye drop could significantly keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability. And the expression of AR of group C was much higher than that of group B,which showed that available composition of the eye drops maybe display androgen-like activity.CONCLUSION:The main components of extract of Buddleja officinalis is the flavonoids which could significantly inhibit happening of dry eye of rat after androgen level lowered. Its mechanism is like androgen's and it could display androgen-like activity to keep basic tears secretory volume and tear film stability.

?AlM: To observe the effect of Qingguang'an on elastic fiber, MMP-7, TlMP-1 in scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery through the four Qingguang'an effective groups and Qingguang'an granules, to discuss and compare their mechanism of action on scarring area of filtration canal.?METHODS:Four effective components of Qingguang'an were used in groups D, E, F, G and H after glaucoma surgery, compared with group A ( blank ) , group B (model) and group C ( MMC) to observe the effect of elastic fiber, MMP-7, TlMP-1 in scarring filtration canal.?RESULTS:Compared with the preoperative basic lOP and 2d , 1, 2, 4wk postoperative lOP of groups C, E and H, the lOP of three group rose up slower than other groups, and kept the lowest data at 28d. There was significant difference compared with the rest of A, B, D, F, G groups (P<0. 05). The area and density of elastic fiber in surgery group were significantly different with that of black control group ( P<0. 05 ), but there were no statistical differences between groups C and H, groups C and F, groups H and E (P>0. 05). The difference was statistically significant among other groups (P<0. 01).?CONCLUSlON:The scarring area of filtration canal after glaucoma surgery is the major reason which lead to the failure of surgery. Qingguang'an effective group 2, Qingguang'an granules and MMC could reduced the scar tissue by restrained the elastic fiber, TlMP - 1 and increased the MMP-7. By observing the experimental results that both Qingguang'an effective group 2 and Qingguang'an granules could restrained the scarring area of filtration canal, the effects were unbiased, Qingguang'an granules group is better than effective group 2.

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of urinary iodine of students aged 8 - 10 in Zhangjiakou city,problems in monitoring results,and to provide basic information for working out control strategies of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods A township(town,street) in each country of each city(district) in Zhangjiakou was selected according to 5 positions of the east,the west,the south,the north and center,and 1 village elementary school was sampled in each chosen township,twenty students(half male and female) aged 8 - 10 were selected to collect their urine samples in each school.Urinary iodine concentration was determined by arseniccerium method.Results The median of urinary iodine of the 1700 children aged 8 - 10 was 291.5 μg/L,with ＜ 50 μg/L accounted for 0.8％(13/1700),50 ～ 99 μg/L about 4.9％(83/1700),100 - 199 μg/L about 20.5％ (349/1700),200 - 299 μg/L about 29.7％(504/1700),and ≥300 μg/L about 44.9％(764/1700).Conclusions Urinary iodine has reached the elimination standard of iodine deficiency disorders in Zhangjiakou city.But the situation of more than adequate amount of urinary iodine and iodine excess is relatively serious and it is necessary to lower iodine concentration.