To study the effects of conjee and cooked rice on postprandial glucose and plasma insulin levels in type 2 diatetes,and to help diabetic patients select reasonably food.41 diabetes were divided into cooked rice group ( group A),conjee with steamed bread group ( group B),and oatmeal group ( group C ).At 1 h after meal,the values of postprandial plasma glucose (PPG) was significantly lower in group C than those in group A and group B [ ( 11.17± 2.30 vs 12.88 ± 1.29,13.29 ± 1.97 ) mmol/L,P ＜ 0.05 ].At 2 h after meal,the value of PPG was significantly lower in group C than in group A [ ( 8.88 ± 2.66 vs 10.87 ± 1.63 ) mmol/L,P ＜0.05 ].At 1 h and 2 h after meal,there was no significant difference between the value of PPG in goup A and group B ( P＞0.05 ).At 1 h after meal,the value of plasma insulin was significantly lower in group C than those in group B [ (46.02 ± 26.32 vs 88.56 ± 68.75 )μU/ml,P ＜0.05 ],and there was a littler higher in group B than group A ( P＞0.05 ).At 2 h after meal,there was no statistical difference of plasma insulin among group A,B,C [ ( 57.10 ± 33.56,62.26 ± 24.42,54.16 ± 41.35 )μU/ml,P＞0.05 ) ].Isocaloric oat food is potentially beneficial in sustaining blood glucose status and decreasing insulin secretion.It is the ideal choice for type 2 diabetes.Meanwhile,there were no statistical differences in PPG and insulin levels between the individuals taking conjee with steam bread and cooked rice.

Social communication disorders and language disorders are commonly found in children with autism spectrum disorders,and it is also one of the indicators for assessing the severity of the syndrome. This study analyzed the characteristics of language difficulties and social communication disorders in children with ASD. Then,seven evidence-based treatment methods of language rehabilitation for children with ASD were introduced,including Comprehensive Behavioral Treatment for Young Children,Pivotal Response Treatment,Natural Teaching Strategies,Language Training(Production),Scripting,Story-based Interventions and Social Skills Package. The interventions recommended by American Speech-LanguageHearing Association(ASHA) were also introduced. It is of great significance to provide the early intervention of language disorders for children with ASD. Community-based and family-based intervention models should be promoted,and parent training should be actively carried out,so that children with ASD can obtain language rehabilitation during the critical period of language learning.

Studies concerning the association between arsenic exposure and hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection have been lacking.The present study aimed to examine the association between total urinary arsenic (TUA) and infection of HBV.A total of 5186 participants from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2003-2014 were included in the analysis.We used logistic regression to evaluate the association.We defined two measures of TUA.TUA1 was the sum of arsenous acid,arsenicacid,monomethylarsonic acid and dimethylarsenic acid.TUA2 was defined as TUA minus arsenobetaine and arsenocholine.The results showed that the weighted overall prevalence of HBV infection was 6.08％.For NHANES 2003-2014,the medians (interquartile range) of TUA1 and TUA2 were 5.60 μg/L (3.97-8.09 μg/L) and 4.91 μg/L (2.36-9.11 μg/L),respectively.Comparing the highest quartile to the lowest quartile after multivariable adjustment showed that the odds ratios (ORs) and 95％ confidence intervals (CIs) for TUA1 and TUA2 were 2.44 (1.40-4.27) and 2.84 (1.60-5.05),respectively.In conclusion,elevated urinary arsenic was associated with the risk of HBV infection.Further studies,especially prospective studies,are needed to confirm the causal relationship between arsenic exposure and HBV infection.

The gene encoding a extremely thermostable and acid-stable alpha-Amylase was amplified by PCR using hyperthermophilic archaebacterium pyrococcus furiosus genomic DNA as template. Then the gene was cloned into the vector of pPIC9K. The recombinant vector pPIC9K-amy was then transformed into E. coli DH5alpha strain. Sequencing test showed that the a-amylase gene cloned consisted of 1305 base pairs and the mature protein encoded by the gene consisted of 435 amino acids. The recombinant vector was transformed into chromosome of methylotrophic yeast Pichia pastoris GS115 strain. Regulated by the alpha-Factor, promoter of AOX1 gene and termination signal of yeast genomic, the recombinant a-Amylase was expressed and excreted out of the cells. The expression of the recombinant alpha-amylase was strictly induced by methanol. As induction time increased, the activity of amylase per milliliter medium went up accordingly. After 7 days induction, the activity of the amylase reached the max. The recombinant alpha-amylase exhibited maximal activity at 90 to approximately 100 degrees C and at pHranging from 4.5 to 5.0. The enzyme is so thermostable that after disposed at 100 degrees C for 5 hours over 60% of activity was retained.
Bacterial Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Cloning, Molecular ; Enzyme Stability ; Genetic Vectors ; Hot Temperature ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Pichia ; genetics ; metabolism ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pyrococcus furiosus ; enzymology ; genetics ; Recombinant Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; alpha-Amylases ; genetics ; metabolism

BACKGROUNDRetinal light injury can lead to degeneration of the photoreceptor cell layer. It has been hypothesized that the mechanism for this process is the photochemical damage. Ginkgo balboa extract (Ginkgo biloba extract EGB761) EGB761 is a free radical scavenger. The purpose of this study was to investigate the possible effect of orally administered EGB761 on retinal light damage of mouse photoreceptor cells.

METHODSKunming mice were randomly chosen for the following groups containing 20 animals in each: control group, light damage group, saline control group, and drug treatment group. The drug treatment group and saline control group were given daily gavage of EGB761 (150 mg×kg(-1)×d(-1)) one week before light exposure. At 7, 14, and 30 days after light exposure, animals were sacrificed and eyes were examined by light microscopy, electron microscopy, and retinal histopathology using in situ detection of apoptotic cells.

RESULTSIn the light damage group after 7 days there was visible edema, and the outer nuclear layer appeared withered with deeply stained dead cells, leaving only a thin nuclear layer of 7 - 8 cells. After 14 days, the photoreceptor cell layer disappeared, leaving only the outer nuclear layer of 1 - 3 cells with an average thickness of (37.988 ± 1.207) µm. The average thickness of the retina was (126.32 ± 2.31) µm. In the drug treatment group, the photoreceptor cell layer and outer nuclear layer damage were significantly lower than the saline group (t = 21.993, P < 0.001), demonstrating that EGB761, especially at 14 days after light exposure, can reduce retinal light damage in mice.

CONCLUSIONOral administration of EGB761 can partially inhibit apoptosis of photoreceptor cells, resulting in increased photoreceptor cell survival.

Animals ; Eye Injuries ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Light ; adverse effects ; Male ; Mice ; Microscopy, Electron ; Photoreceptor Cells ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure ; Plant Extracts ; therapeutic use ; Rats ; Retina ; drug effects ; radiation effects ; ultrastructure

BACKGROUNDThere are definite gender differences in patients with macular holes. Menopausal women over 50 years are most affected. We aimed to observe the effect of estrogen on collagen gel contraction by cultured human retinal glial cells. It is speculated that estrogen could strengthen the tensile stress of the macula by maintaining the correct morphology and contraction.

METHODSEstrogen was used to determine its effects on collagen gel contraction, and its function was measured using morphological changes in cells. Human retinal glial cells were cultured in collagen solution. The cells were then exposed to collagen gels and the degree of contraction of the gel was determined.

RESULTSEstrogen at differing concentrations had no effect on the growth of human retinal glial cells. However, after exposed to collagen gel block, less contraction was noted in the estrogen-treated group than in the control group.

CONCLUSIONSEstrogen can inhibit collagen gel contraction by glial cells. These results suggest a mechanism for macular hole formation, which is observed in menopausal females.

Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay ; Estrogens ; pharmacology ; Female ; Humans ; Neuroglia ; drug effects ; metabolism

Laggera pterodonta is commonly used for treating influenza in Southwest China, especially in Yunnnan province. The main clinical effects of L. pterodonta include anti-influenza, anti-microbial, anti-inflammatory. To investigate the anti-influenza A (H1N1) virus effect of L. pterodonta, neutralization inhibition and proliferation inhibition tests were performed. MDCK culture method was used to observe the cytopathic effect (CPE) of extracts from L. pterodonta in inhibiting influenza A (H1N1) virus and haemagglutination titre of H1N1 virus in vitro. The culture medium were collected at 24 h, 48 h, 72 h, 96 h, and detected by Real time RT-PCR, in order to compare the effect of different extracts from L. pterodonta on in vitro proliferation of H1N1, virus. The result of neutralization inhibition test showed that hemagglutination titer of ethyl acetate extract were 8 times lower at 72 h; in proliferation inhibition test, hemagglutination titer of ethyl acetate extracts reduced by 2 and 4 times. According to the results of Real time RT-PCR test, the H1N1 inhibition ratio of ethyl acetate extract was 72.5%, while the proliferation inhibition ratio of ethyl acetate extract was 25.3%; as for petroleum ether extracts, the H1N1 inhibition ratio was 60.2%, while the proliferation inhibition ratio was 81.4%. In conclusion, both ethyl acetate extract and petroleum ether extract of L. pterodonta have significant neutralization and direct proliferation inhibition effects on influenza A virus.
Asteraceae ; chemistry ; China ; ethnology ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; drug effects ; physiology ; Influenza, Human ; drug therapy ; virology ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional

OBJECTIVEIn order to analyze multiple statistic tables more efficiently Excel Visual Basic for Application (VBA) was introduced through the use of an example of calculating standardized mortality rates (SMRs).

METHODSMortality data of cancer and cardiovascular diseases, by sex and age, have been collected from 1991 to 2003 by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Shanghai Huangpu District. Standard population composition was defined as Chinese census statistics in 2000. The male's SMRs were calculated, using Excel VBA for each year and classification of cancers.

RESULTSThe male's SMRs were obtained by year and different cancers. At the same time, the results were listed in the cancer's SMRs table for male.

CONCLUSIONSExcel is more flexible than general database on the combination of data and annotation. Excel VBA is better than the basic Excel in operating multiple tables simultaneously and man-machine conversation. Statistic analysis can be efficiently completed by using Excel VBA.

Age Factors ; Cardiovascular Diseases ; mortality ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Database Management Systems ; Humans ; Male ; Neoplasms ; mortality ; Sex Factors

Objective To explore the characteristic of the genetic frequency distribution of human leukocyte antigen(HLA)-DR alleles in children with bronchial asthma in Guangxi area.Methods Eighty-four unrelated asthmatic individuals and 168 healthy people without asthma and atopy living in Nanning region of Guangxi as control group were involved in the study.All asthmatics had their serum total IgE levels measured with Pharmacia UniCAP system,and skin-prick test with 10 kinds of inhalant allergens were taken,and pulmonary function were measured among the asthmatic.HLA oligonucleotide array was used to 21 gene frequencies of HLA-DR.Results The frequencies of HLA-DR B1*070X allele and HLA-DR B1*11XX allele among the asthmatic(2.98% and 13.69%)were significantly higher than those in control group(0.3% and 5.95%)(?2 =6.915,9.478 P