Described in the paper is the reform made at public hospitals in Zhejiang province,with analysis of its problems and causes. Based on such,the authors proposed the following actions:to accelerate the reform of public hospitals centering on health promotion, and encourage such hospitals to shoulder the health care responsibility on behalf of the government; to proceed with hierarchical medical system and contract-based service focusing on capacity building of general practitioners; to attract private capital into building the healthcare system; and to motivate non-governmental organizations to cater to diversified healthcare needs of the people.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Alcoholism ; Diabetes Mellitus ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Female ; Hepatic Encephalopathy ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; pathology ; Hepatitis B virus ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; etiology ; pathology ; Liver Cirrhosis, Alcoholic ; etiology ; pathology ; Liver Function Tests ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Retrospective Studies

OBJECTIVETo establish discriminant functions of diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) by studying it from quantitative diagnosis angle, hoping to reduce interference of subjective factors in diagnosing and differentially diagnosing Chinese medical syndromes of IBS-D.

METHODSA Chinese medical clinical epidemiological survey was carried out in 439 IBS-D patients using Clinical Information Collection Table of IBS. Initial syndromes were obtained by cluster analysis. They were analyzed using step-by-step discrimination by taking information of four Chinese medical diagnostic methods and serum brain-gut peptides (BGP) as variables.

RESULTSClustering results were Gan stagnation Pi deficiency syndrome (GSPDS), Pi-Wei weakness syndrome (PWWS), Gan stagnation qi stasis syndrome (GSQSS), Pi-Shen yang deficiency syndrome (PSYDS), Pi-Wei damp-heat syndrome (PWDHS), cold-damp disturbing Pi syndrome (CDDPS). Of them, GSPDS was mostly often seen with effective percentage of 34. 2%, while CDDPS was the least often seen with effective percentage of 5.5%. A total of 5 discriminant functions for GSPDS, PWWS, GSQSS, PSYDS, and PWDHS were obtained by step-by-step dis- crimination method. The retrospective misjudgment rate was 4.1% (16/390), while the cross-validation misjudgment rate was 15.4% (60/390).

CONCLUSIONThe establishment of discriminant functions is of value in objectively diagnosing and differentially diagnosing Chinese medical syndromes of IBS-D.

Alarmins ; Brain ; Cluster Analysis ; Diarrhea ; classification ; diagnosis ; Hot Temperature ; Humans ; Irritable Bowel Syndrome ; classification ; diagnosis ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Qi ; Retrospective Studies ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Yang Deficiency

OBJECTIVETo propose an algorithm of the similarity between UV-spectra for controlling the quality of Chinese medical injection.

METHODThe similarity is calculated base on the data of two UV-spectrum curves, thus the sample quality is evaluated according to the average value of the similarity of the UV-spectra between sample with each of standard samples; the proposed algorithm of the similarity is compared with cosine of vectorial angle and relative coefficient; the proposed method for quality evaluation of traditional Chinese injection is discussed with the method according to the chromatographic fingerprint similarity.

RESULTThe calculated similarity with the proposed method can be sensitive to show the difference between UV-spectra. This proposed method for quality evaluation was applied for assessing quality of 14 batches of Xiangdan injection and the results well coincident with sample quality.

CONCLUSIONThe proposed method can be used to evaluate the quality of the Chinese medical injection according to the similarity of two UV-spectrum curves.

Algorithms ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Dalbergia ; chemistry ; Drug Combinations ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; standards ; Injections ; Plants, Medicinal ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Salvia miltiorrhiza ; chemistry ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; methods

0.05). The factor score of "preoccupation"in patients with Ins/Del genotype was higher than that with Ins/Ins and Del/Del genotypes(P=0.052),as well as in male patients of experimental group(P=0.052). CONCLUSION: The results suggest that D?H gene-4784-4803del polymorphism may not be associated with qualitative and quantitative characters of schizophrenia. Male schizophrenia patients with Ins/Del encoding D?H gene-4784-4803del are significantly characterized with the character of "preoccupation".

Objective To study the role of arrestin domain-containing protein 4( ARRDC4) in regulation of enterovirus 71(EV71) triggered innate IL-6 production and the underlying mechanism .Methods THP-1-derived macrophages (t-M?) were transfected with ARRDC4 specific siRNA and negative control siRNA .The expression and production of IL-6, replication and virus titer of EV71, and the activation of signaling pathway adaptors were analyzed with quantitative real -time PCR, ELISA and Western blot.Results Upon EV71 infection, ARRDC4 was upregulated.ARRDC4 silencing could enhance mRNA expression and production of IL-6, thus increasing the replication and virus titer of EV71.In ARRDC4 silenced t-M?, the activation of p-65,IκBα,ERK,JNK and p38 was promoted.Conclusion ARRDC4 promotes EV71-t riggered IL-6 production by enhancing the activation of NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathway to inhibit EV71 infection, contributing to positive regulation of anti-EV71 innate immune responses .

BACKGROUND: It is found reported that polymorphism of Fok 1 restriction endonuclease cut site on exon 2 of 5' end start codon of 5' end start codon (SC), which affected the structure of VDR amino acids,and was relative related to bone mineral density(BMD).OBJECTIVE: To analyze the association between Vitamin D receptor gene (Fok 1) polymorphisms and osteoporosis in the elderly men.DESIGN: case-controlled trialstudy.SETTING: Institute of Gerontology, Chinese PLA General Hospital and Department of Endocrinology,Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese PLA.PARTICIPANTS: A total of 26 elderly men with osteoporosis at out-patients clinic of Chinese PLA General Hospital and Department of Endocrinology,Second Artillery General Hospital of Chinese PLA from January 2002 to June 2002 were selected involved as osteoporosis case group,with and the average age of was (70±5) years, and BMD in osteoporosis group was 2.0-2.5 SD lower than 2.0-2.5 SD of the peak of BMD. Totally 66 healthy men with average age of (70±5)years were selected as control group during at the same time. All the subjects signed the informed consent,who were Beijing inhabitants of Han nationality, and there was no blood relationship among them.METHODS:VDR-Fok1 genotypes in both groups were detected with by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP),and distributiondistribution of VDR-Fok 1 genotypes were analyzedanalyzed.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: distribution Distribution of VDR-Fok1genotypes in both each groups.RESULTS: Totally 66 healthy elderly men and 26 elderly men with osteoporosis entered analysis of results. The frequencies of FF, Ff and ff genotype were found to be 42%, 42% and 15% in control group, and 15%,50%,35% in osteoporosis group, respectively,and there was significantly different between two groups(x2=12.078,P ＜ 0.01).Frequency of allele were significantly different between control group and osteoporosis group (64%,36% vs 40%,60%, x2=8.232,P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION: There is a significant difference in the frequency distrinution of VDR gene start codon polymorphism between healthy elderly men and those with osteoporosis.

To explore effect of autoantibody on identification of ABO and RhD blood group, the blood samples of 38 patients with autoimmune hemolytic anemia (AIHA) were identified by routine typing and typing after chloroquine elution test as well as PCR. The results showed that out of 38 patients with AIHA, 11 cases (31.6%) of ABO blood group were difficulty typed, indirect antiglobulin test were positive, and contradiction between cells typing and sera typing were observed. 1 case of RhD(-) was mistyped as RhD(+) and anti-D was found in its serum. The blood group of these cases were typed correctly by chloroquine elution test. It is concluded that blood group identification of patients with AIHA can be interfered by autoantibody, and the correct typing for blood group of these patients may be determined by using combination of several methods to ensure safe transfusion.
ABO Blood-Group System ; genetics ; Adolescent ; Adult ; Anemia, Hemolytic, Autoimmune ; blood ; Blood Grouping and Crossmatching ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Rh-Hr Blood-Group System

Objective Using twins methods to explore the influence of genetic and environmental factor on Intelligence develop-ment of children and adolescent twins .Methods It was 190 pair of twins aged 6 to 18 who lived in Chongqing were recruited ,DNA were extracted from buccal mucosa and venous blood samples to identify zygosity .The intelligence was investigated by using the Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children(C-WISC) ,the intrapair correlation coefficients of twins were compared and calculate the genetic degrees .Results The total IQ of children aged 6 to 18 heritability were 0 .63 ,Verbal IQ were 0 .44 ,Performance IQ were 0 .57 .The total IQ heritability of children aged 10 to 14 and 15 to 18 years(0 .78 ,0 .79) were higher than that of those aged from 6 to 9 years(0 .018) .Conclusion This study suggested the intelligence of children aged 6 to 18 affected by genetic and environment , and the older ,the more influence of genetic on intelligence development .

The inflammatory response is involved in the pathogenesis of the most common types of heart disease.Sanguinarine (SAN) has various pharmacological properties such as anti-inflammatory,antioxidant,antibacterial,antitumor,and immune-enhancing properties.However,few studies have investigated the effects of SAN on lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory and apoptotic responses in H9c2 cardiomyocytes.Therefore,in this study,H9c2 cells were co-treated with SAN and LPS,and the mRNA levels of pro-inflammation markers and the apoptosis rate were measured to clarify the effect of SAN on cardiac inflammation.The underlying mechanism was further investigated by detecting the activation of Toll-like receptor (TLR)4/nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) signaling pathways.As a result,increased mRNA expression of interleukin (IL)-1 β,IL-6,and TNFα induced by LPS was attenuated after SAN treatment;LPS-induced apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes and cleaved-caspase 8,9,3 were all significantly reduced by SAN.Further experiments showed that the beneficial effect of SAN on blocking the inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes induced by LPS was associated with suppression of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.It was suggested that SAN suppressed the LPS-induced inflammation and apoptosis of H9c2 cardiomyocytes,which may be mediated by inhibition of the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway.Thus,SAN may be a feasible therapy to treat sepsis patients with cardiac dysfunction.