Adult ; Barotrauma ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Hand Injuries ; diagnosis ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paint

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of cysteinyl receptor agonist leukotriene D(4) (LTD(4)) and its antagonists on rat primary neurons.

METHODSIn the primarily cultured rat cortical neurons, the neuron injury was evaluated by measuring intracellular calcium, 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction, and propidium iodide (PI) and Hoechst 33258 staining. The in vitro ischemic injury was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 1.5 h and reperfusion for 24 h.

RESULTLTD(4) (0.01-1 micromol/L) did not induce the elevation of intracellular calcium, neuron viability changes and neuron death. OGD-induced injury was not significantly ameliorated by the CysLT(1) receptor antagonists, pranlukast (0.2-10 micromol/L) and montelukast (0.2-10 micromol/L), as well as by the CysLT(1)/CysLT(2) receptor non-selective antagonist, BAY u9773 (0.02-1 micromol/L).

CONCLUSIONNeither agonist nor antagonists of cysteinyl receptors have the effects on the viability and ischemic-like injury in rat primary neurons.

Acetates ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Calcium ; metabolism ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Chromones ; pharmacology ; Glucose ; pharmacology ; Leukotriene Antagonists ; pharmacology ; Leukotriene D4 ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; cytology ; drug effects ; metabolism ; Quinolines ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Receptors, Leukotriene ; agonists

Objective To describe the epidemic status of hepatitis B along the Yangzi River area,ill Anhui province.Methods A croSS-sectional seroepidemiological survey was conducted and the samples were collected by stratified cluster sampling.Serological biomarkers to hepatitis B virus were tested using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA)reagents.Results Among 2282 people.the prevalence rates of HBsAg,HBsAb,HBeAg.HBeAb,HBeAb and hepatitis B virus infection were 9.8%,43.5%.1.0%,7.8%,10.3%and 40.6%respectively.The prevalence rate of HBsAg among males was higllel"than that offemales(P＜0.05).The vaccination rate was 24.7%,higher in urban than in taral areas.The vaccination rate was high in children younger than ten years old and in students.The prevalence rates of HBsAg and HBV among people who had received vaccines were lower than those who had not.Conclusion The standardized prevalence rates of HBsAg(9.3%)Was high in the area along the Yangzi River in Althai province.The vaccinate rate Was low in the country side.Expanded vaccinate which can obviously reduce the prevalence rate of HBsAg should be enhanced.

OBJECTIVETo investigate clinical results of percutaneous reduction and hollow screw internal fixation for the treatment of calcaneal fractures, and to compare therapeutic effects between close reduction hollow screw internal fixation and open reduction plate internal fixation.

METHODSFrom August 2007 to May 2010, 53 patients with calcaneal fractures were retrospectively analyzed. All the patients were divided into two groups, 25 patients in group A (PR group) treated with percutaneous reduction and hollow screw internal fixation, including 17 males and 8 females, with an average age of (39.4 +/- 9.9) years. While 28 patients in group B (OR group) treated with open reduction and plate internal fixation, including 18 males and 10 females, with an average age of (38.6 +/- 10.2) years. According to Sanders classification, there were 18 patients with type II fractures, 29 patients with type III and 6 type IV. In both groups, operative time, blood loss, postoperative complications and radiology were recorded. Functional recovery was evaluated by Maryland score.

RESULTSAll the patients were followed up, and the duration ranged from nine months to thirty-five months (averaged 20.4 months). There were no significant differences in sex, age, fracture type, fracture classification, initial Böhler angle, or late complications between the two groups. But significant difference can be seen between operative time, blood loss, and skin complications (in group A no nonunion and skin complications occurred, but subtalar posttraumatic arthritis occurred in 1 case; in group B, 3 patients had complications of skin necrosis, 1 patient suffered from a delayed union due to large defect filled with artificial bone, and 1 patient got subtalar posttraumatic arthritis). No difference were found in the latest X-ray film. According to Maryland score, in group A, 8 got an excellent result and 12 good. In group B, 10 got an excellent and 14 good. There were no significant differences between the two groups in Margland score.

CONCLUSIONThe results of this study suggest that in comparison with open reduction, percutaneous reduction and hollow screw internal fixation minimizes complications and achieves good results. Further study of this technique is needed.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Bone Screws ; Calcaneus ; surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; instrumentation ; methods ; Fractures, Bone ; surgery ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

BACKGROUNDKeloid is an intricate lesion that is probably regulated by many genes. In this study, the authors used the technique of complementary DNA (cDNA) microarray to analyse abnormal gene expression in keloids and normal control skins.

METHODSThe polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products of 8400 genes were spotted in an array on chemical-material-coated-glass plates. The DNAs were fixed on the glass plates. The total RNAs were isolated from freshly excised human keloid and normal control skins, and the mRNAs were then purified. The mRNA from both keloid and normal control skins were reversely transcribed to cDNAs, with the incorporation of fluorescent dUTP, for preparing the hybridisation probes. The mixed probes were then hybridised to the cDNA microarray. After thorough washing, the cDNA microarray was scanned for differing fluorescent signals from two types of tissues. Gene expression of tissue growth factor-beta1 (TGF-beta1) and of c-myc was detected with both RT-PCR and Northern blot hybridisation to confirm the effectiveness of cDNA microarray.

RESULTSAmong the 8400 human genes, 402 were detected with different expression levels between keloid and normal control skins. Two hundred and fifty genes, including TGF-beta1 and c-myc, were up-regulated and 152 genes were down-regulated. Higher expressions of TGF-beta1 and c-myc in keloid were also revealed using RT-PCR and Northern blot methods.

CONCLUSIONcDNA microarray analysis provides a powerful tool for investigating differential gene expression in keloid and normal control skins. Keloid is a complicated lesion with many genes involved.

DNA, Complementary ; analysis ; Humans ; Keloid ; genetics ; Oligonucleotide Array Sequence Analysis ; methods ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Skin

Objective To compare the effects of three different methods for extracting short RNA-DNA hybrids, including the TRI reagent method , the phenol saturated with water method and the phenol saturated with Tris buffer method in order to facilitate studies on the biological function of RNA-DNA hybrids .Methods Short RNA fragments modifiedwith FAM at the 5′end and those modified with Cy 5 at the 5′end were synthesized .RNA and DNA fragments were annealed to form RNA-DNA hybrids.They were extracted with the above-mentioned 3 methods respectively .The extracted products were analyzed with electrophoresis .Results and Conclusion Short RNA-DNA hybrids can be extracted by the phenol saturated with water method and by the phenol saturated with Tris buffer method .The results can help study the function of short RNA-DNA hybrids .

OBJECTIVETo determine whether homeostatic conditions (pH, glycine or ion concentration) affect the protective effects of edaravone on ischemic injury in rat cortical neurons.

METHODSIn cultured rat cortical neurons, the compositions in the experimental solutions were changed to mimic the disturbance of homeostasis after cerebral ischemia. In vitro ischemic injury was induced by oxygen-glucose deprivation (OGD) for 3 h and reperfusion for 12 h, and the neuron injury was evaluated by 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2yl)-2, 5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release. Effect of edaravone on OGD injury was observed in different experimental solutions.

RESULTIn weak alkalified solution (pH 7.8) or the solution containing glycine (10 micromol/L), OGD injury became more serious; but in weak acidic (pH 6.5) or higher Mg(2+) (1.8 mmol/L) solutions, OGD injury was attenuated. Edaravone (1 micromol/L) reversed the injury in the solutions with pH 6.1,7.4 and 7.8 or the solution containing glycine, but did not show protective effect in the solution with pH 6.5 and the higher Mg(2+) or lower Ca(2+) solution.

CONCLUSIONThe changes of homeostatic conditions affect the severity of ischemic injury of neurons and the protective effect of edaravone.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Cell Hypoxia ; Cells, Cultured ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; Glycine ; pharmacology ; Homeostasis ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Magnesium ; pharmacology ; Neurons ; pathology ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Reperfusion Injury ; prevention & control

Compared with the traditional health service industry, the new health service industry tends to be more comprehensive and integrated, and the various factors are in a dynamic change process, which is characterized by larger scale,intensive,agglomerative and special business methods. Compared with the traditional medical and health industry supervision, its regulatory content has greatly changed in the new system. Under the new market relationship,the supply and demand sides have put forward higher requirements for supervision,and the emerging business forms are networked, fragmented and flexible. The service boundary has broken through the traditional supervision mode,and it simultaneously faces the challenge of defining the supervision responsibilities,complexity,the current tax system management,the current supervision mechanism hindrances,and the balance between the new health service industry and health quality access regulation which are undergoing an exponential trend of development. Therefore,this paper puts forward some suggestions such as the establishment of a new health service industry supervision mechanism with information supervision as the core,the realization of the transition from direct control to bottom-line supervision, the establishment of multi-sectoral organic coordination, and a coordinated supervision mechanism which involves the participation of all social subjects.

OBJECTIVETo determine the effect of histamine on N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) induced neuron death and to elucidate its mechanism.

METHODSThe primary cortical cell culture was adopted. Neuron morphology and MTT assay were used to evaluate the drugs effects.

RESULTHistamine at doses of 10(-4) 10(-6) 10(-7) 10(-8) mol/L reversed the neuron death induced by NMDA (50 micromol/L) for 3 h. The protection of histamine peaked at doses of 10(-4) mol/L and 10(-7)mol/L. The effect of histamine of 10(-7) mol/L was reversed only by cimetidine an H(2)receptor antagonist. However, the effect of histamine of 10(-4) mol/L was reversed only by pyrilamine but not cimetidine.

CONCLUSIONHistamine could reduce neuron death induced by NMDA; its protection at a low dose might be mediated by H(2)receptor, and at a high dose by H(1)receptor.

Animals ; Cell Death ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Histamine ; pharmacology ; N-Methylaspartate ; toxicity ; Neurons ; drug effects ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Histamine H1 ; physiology ; Receptors, Histamine H2 ; physiology

OBJECTIVETo establish a simpler and more accurate method for evaluating in vitro ischemic injury and neuroprotective effects of drugs through improving experimental instrument and quantitative index in mouse brain slices.

METHODSAn incubation instrument was developed and its application tested. 2,3,5-triphenyltetrazolium chloride (TTC) was used as a substrate to biosynthesize formazan standard in mouse brain slices, and formazan was isolated, purified and identified. Ischemic injury of mouse brain slices was induced by oxygen/glucose deprivation (OGD), the produced formazan from TTC in the cortex and striatum was measured at 490 nm spectrophotometrically. Edaravone and ONO-1078 were added into the incubation medium to observe their neuroprotective effects.

RESULTThe incubation instrument worked well for incubating brain slices and obtaining stable results efficiently. Standard formazan was biosynthesized and purified with a purity of 99.3%, and showed a linear range of 0.05 - 1 mg/ml in absorbance at 490 nm (r=0.9997). OGD decreased formazan production in the cortex and striatum in a duration-dependent manner. Edaravone (0.01 to 1 micromol/L) recovered OGD-induced decrease of formazan production, but ONO-1078 showed no effect.

CONCLUSIONThe incubation instrument and quantitative measurement of formazan developed in this study are efficient,accurate and simple for evaluating ischemic injury and neuroprotection,which can be used in screening of neuroprotective drugs in vitro.

Alprostadil ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Antipyrine ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Brain Ischemia ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Formazans ; metabolism ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred ICR ; Neuroprotective Agents ; pharmacology ; Staining and Labeling ; Tetrazolium Salts ; metabolism