Osteoarthritis (Osteoarthritis, OA) is a common clinical degenerative joint disease with increased incidence rate in recent years. Animal experiment is one of the important ways to explore pathogenesis and treatment of OA, while induced animal model is the most important part in animal experiment. Intra-articular injection of drugs is a classical method for establishing animal model of OA. Choose of animal should follows the principle of correlation, appropriateness and practicability, injections should perform in accordance with experimental purposes and subject, detections means and evaluation methods also should corresponding to experimental reality. The gold standard of OA animal model and intra-articular injections has not build, need further study.
Animals ; Cytokines ; analysis ; Disease Models, Animal ; Injections, Intra-Articular ; Mice ; Osteoarthritis ; diagnosis ; etiology ; immunology ; Rabbits ; Rats

Objective To analyze the patterns and distribution of lymph node metastasis in patients with adenocarcinoma of the esophagogastric junction ( AEG). Methods The pathological data of 393 patients with AEG from 2006 to 2009 were analyzed. The patterns and distribution of lymph node metastasis were analyzed in patients with different Siewert subtypes, depths of tumor invasion, and maximum diameters of the tumor, and the high?risk lymphatic drainage areas were investigated. Between?group comparison was performed by χ2 test. Results The metastatic rate and ratio of abdominal lymph nodes in AEG were 69?? 2%and 31?? 31%, respectively. The incidence rates of lymph node metastasis in the cardia, lesser curvature, left gastric artery, splenic artery, splenic hilum, mesenteric root, and abdominal aorta were the highest. The metastatic rate and ratio of mediastinal lymph nodes were 16?? 4% and 8?? 3%, respectively. The incidence rates of lymph node metastasis in the lower paraesophageal, esophageal hiatus, and superior diaphragmatic areas were the highest. Compared with Siewert type II and type III AEG, Siewert type I AEG had a significantly higher mediastinal lymph node metastatic rate (P= 0?? 003) and a significantly lower abdominal lymph node metastatic ratio (P= 0?? 002).The metastatic ratios of lymph nodes in multiple abdominal regions were higher in patients with stage T3+T4 AEG and a maximum tumor diameter of ≥6 cm than in the control group, while the metastatic ratios of mediastinal lymph nodes in groups with different maximum tumor diameters were similar. The metastatic ratios of lymph nodes in the greater curvature, hepatoduodenal ligament, and inferior diaphragmatic areas were lower than 10% in all groups. Conclusions In radiotherapy for AEG, the abdominal high?risk lymphatic drainage areas involve the cardia, lesser curvature, left gastric artery, splenic artery, splenic hilum, mesenteric root, and abdominal aorta, while the mediastinal high?risk lymphatic drainage areas involve the lower paraesophageal, esophageal hiatus, and superior diaphragmatic areas. In addition, the personalized target volume design should be based on the patterns of lymph node metastasis with different Siewert subtypes and clinical pathological characteristics.

OBJECTIVE To understand the synaptic remodel in inner ear after hearing injury by investigating growth associated protein 43(GAP-43) expression in the inner ear hair cells after exposed Kangmin mice to neural injury noise stimulation to induce permanent threshold shift(PTS) or temporary threshold shift(TTS).METHODS To compare the expressions of GAP-43 of NMDAR signal pathway during neural injury stimulation by immunocytochemistry.RESULTS The sustained GAP-43 increase occurs after 7d and 14d of PTS group,and there is not remarkable difference between them.Compared with normal control,the change is not significant in TTS group.CONCLUSION The increase of GAP-43 in spiral ganglion after 7d trauma reveals the synaptic remodel in inner ear.

Objective To study the effect of platelet-derived growth factor(PDGF)and lysosomes on lung injury in macaque with early-phase endotoxie shock.Method Eleven macaques were randomly divided into two groups,namely,control group(Co group,n=5)iand endotoxic group(En group,n=6).The macaque of the Co group injected with 1 ml/kg normal saline and the macque of the En group received a dose of 2.8 mg/kg Lipopolysaccharides(LPS)i.v.The blood gas was detected at 120 minutes after LPS challenging. Uhrastructure,cytochemistry of acid phosphatase(ACPase)detection by electronic microscopy and immunohistochemical assay of PDGF were completed in hmgs of all the macaque .Results Administration of LPS did not change the parameters of gas exchange,namely,PaO_2,PaO_2/Fi and PaCO_2.In the early phase,of endotoxic shock,ACPase activity products increased and lysosome destroyed in the alveolar cells.The pathologic changes of alveolus,such as degeneration of vessel endothelium,injury of alveolar epithelium and damage of basement membrane,and transudation of blood component were observed by electron microscopy in the En group. However,no pathological changes were found in the control group.By immunohistochemical staining,PDGF on alveolar wall in the En animals was observed,whereas no PDGF protein in the Co macaques was noticed. Conclusions Administration of LPS induced the expression of PDGF in the alveolar wall and lysosome injury in the alveolar cells,as a result of alveolar damage in early-phase endotoxin shock.In the meantime,the parameters of gas exchanges did not change.The PDGF may play an important role in the pathogenesis of lung during the early-phase of endotoxin shock.

[Introduction] To design a workable compensatory scheme of new cooperative medical system (NCMS) in rural China, 'Monte Carlo Simulation Techniques' is developed based on the data of a multistage random sampling survey. The total compensation rate, the decreased percentages of poverty caused by diseases and the deficit ratio of fund a 0.3782, 0.6540 and -0.0794 respectively, when the main strategy of inpatient reimbursement is recognized as 'serious illness'. The deficit ratios of funding appeared to be 0.4840, 0.4091 and -0.3789 when the main strategy of outpatient reimbursement is recognized on minor diseases. Compensation for minor diseases is more important than that of serious diseases. Considering the further impact of minor diseases on peasants, we should incorporate compensation for minor diseases into the compensatory scheme of NCMS.

OBJECTIVETo study soft tissue changes observed through musculoskeletal ultrasound (MSUS) in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with needle-knife, so as to provide MSUS basis for needle-knife in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis.

METHODSForty patients with knee osteoarthritis treated in the Third Affiliated Hospital of Beijing University of Chinese Medicine from December 2011 to December 2012 were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. All the patients were treated with needle-knife release method. The VAS scores and knee joint circumference were recorded before treatment and 2 weeks after treatment. The changes of knee joint hydrops articuli and joint synovial thickness were measured through MSUS.

RESULTSThe knee pain index was 6.850 +/- 1.417 before treatment and 2.790 +/- 1.299 after treatment;the index after treatment was lower than that of before treatment. The knee joint circumference was 407.320 +/- 45.151 mm before treatment and 391.240 +/- 41.129 mm after treatment; the knee joint circumference decreased after treatment. The amount of hydrops articuli observed by musculoskeletal ultrasound showed that 47 knees were cured, 19 knees improved and 2 knees failed. The synovial membrane thickness: 43 knees cured, 17 knees improved and 8 knees failed.

CONCLUSIONThe hydrops articuli and synovial thickness of knee joint of patients with knee osteoarthritis observed under the MSUS is consistent with the main symptoms and signs, which suggests that MSUS observation on soft tissue changes before and after needle knife in the treatment of knee osteoarthritis with high reliability.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Knee Joint ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Needles ; Osteoarthritis, Knee ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; pathology ; surgery ; Pain ; complications ; Synovial Membrane ; pathology ; Treatment Outcome ; Ultrasonography

BACKGROUNDThymosin beta-4 (TB-4) is considered key roles in tissue development, maintenance and pathological processes. The study aimed to prove TB-4 positive biological function on nucleus pulposus (NP) cell apoptosis and slowing the process of cell aging while increasing the cell proliferation.

METHODSTB-4 recombinant adeno-associated virus (AAV) was constructed and induced to human NP cells. Cell of same group were cultured without gene modification as controlled group. Proliferation capacity and cell apoptosis were observed during 6 passages of the cells. Morphology and expression of the TB-4 gene were documented as parameter of cell activity during cell passage.

RESULTSNP cells with TB-4 transfection has normal TB-4 expression and exocytosis. NP cells with TB-4 transfection performed significantly higher cell activity than that at the control group in each generation. TB-4 recombinant AAV-transfected human NP cells also show slower cell aging, lower cell apoptosis and higher cell proliferation than control group.

CONCLUSIONSTB-4 can prevent NP cell apoptosis, slow NP cell aging and promote NP cell proliferation. AAV transfection technique was able to highly and stably express TB-4 in human NP cells, which may provide a new pathway for innovation in the treatment of intervertebral disc degenerative diseases.

Apoptosis ; genetics ; physiology ; Cell Line ; Cell Proliferation ; genetics ; physiology ; Cells, Cultured ; Cellular Senescence ; genetics ; physiology ; Dependovirus ; genetics ; Humans ; Immunohistochemistry ; Intervertebral Disc ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Thymosin ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo explore the characteristics of DNA mutations underlying Duchenne muscular dystrophy and provide prenatal diagnosis.

METHODSMultiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) and denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC) were applied for analyzing DMD gene mutations in 388 unrelated Chinese patients and 53 fetuses.

RESULTSRespectively, 230 and 43 subjects were found to harbor a deletion (59.28%) or duplication (11.08%). Two deletion hotspots were identified, which have located at exons 45-54 and exons 3-19. Duplications were mainly detected at exons 2-43. Point mutations were identified in 29.64% of patients. Fifty three fetuses were prenatal diagnosed, among which 18 were identified as patients.

CONCLUSIONFrequencies of DMD gene deletions and duplications in China are similar to global data. Prenatal diagnosis can help to reduce births of DMD patients.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Dystrophin ; genetics ; Exons ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; genetics ; Mutation ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Diagnosis

OBJECTIVETo explore the correlation between genotypes and phenotypes in Chinese patients with pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy.

METHODSPatients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) and Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) were diagnosed clinically. Multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA) were performed to detect potential DMD gene mutations. The results were analyzed statistically.

RESULTSAmong 280 patients, 238(85.0%) were diagnosed with DMD, 35(12.50%) were diagnosed with BMD and 7(2.5%) were diagnosed with intermediate muscular dystrophin (IMD). Among these, 252(92.31%) were in-frame mutations, and 21(7.69%) were out-of-frame mutations. Twelve patients with DMD have carried in-frame mutations, 9 with BMD have carried frame-shift mutations, and 7 IMD patients have carried frame-shift mutation.

CONCLUSIONMost of the genotypes and phenotypes of DMD have complied with the reading-frame hypothesis. Patients with BMD with frame-shift mutations may facilitate understanding of the pathogenesis of DMD, and provide a theoretical basis for clinical therapy.

Dystrophin ; genetics ; Exons ; Genetic Association Studies ; Genotype ; Humans ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype

OBJECTIVETo investigate the osteoblast-like characteristics of human periodontal ligament cells affected by elastic stress in vitro, and the role of corebinding factor a 1 (cbfa1) in alveolar bone formation during orthodontic tooth movement.

METHODSRat dig-labeled cbfa1 cDNA probe was prepared from SD rat osteoblasts cultured in vitro. Human periodontal ligament cells were cultured on the elastic bottom plate and stimulated by elastic stress using mechanical loading system for cultured cells in vitro. The expression of cbfa1 mRNA was detected by in situ hybridization method.

RESULTSCbfa1 mRNA express in human periodontal ligament cells stimulated by elastic stress and did not express in normal human periodontal ligament cells.

CONCLUSIONIt is suggested that elastic stress plays a role in the differentiation process from human periodontal ligament cells to osteoblast-like cells. Cbfa1 is a transcription factor in alveolar bone remodeling during orthodontic tooth movement.

Adolescent ; Animals ; Cells, Cultured ; Child ; Core Binding Factor alpha Subunits ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; genetics ; Elasticity ; Humans ; Periodontal Ligament ; cytology ; metabolism ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Transcription Factors ; genetics