Objective To evaluate risk factors for central venous catheter-related bloodstream infection(CRBSI)in intensive care unit(ICU)patients by Meta analysis. Methods Literatures about risk factors of CRBSI in ICU pa-tients were retrieved from databases of Cochrane Library,PubMed,Embase,CBM,CNKI,and WanFang Data,RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta analysis.Results There are 12 literatures in accordance with the inclusion criteria,with a total sample size of 14 422 cases,5 cohort studies and 7 case-control studies,the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale(NOS)scores were 4-6 points. According to Meta analysis,duration of indwelling catheter(WMD,12.25 [95%CI,5.55-18.94]),multi-cavity catheter(OR,3.52[95% CI,1.46-8.52]),femoral vein catheterization (OR,2.44[95%CI,1.34-4.46]),parenteral nutrition(O R,2.47[95% CI,1.18-5.21]),length of stay in ICU(WMD,10.01[95%CI,4.17-15.85]),APACHE II score(WMD,4.46[95%CI,1.25-7.66]),and dia-betes mellitus(OR,1.83[95% CI,1.08-3.09])were significantly different in each group(all P<0.05). Conclusion Risk factors for CRBSI in ICU patients are duration of indwelling catheter,multi-cavity catheter,femo-ral vein catheterization,parenteral nutrition,length of stay in ICU,APACHE II score,and diabetes mellitus. However,due to the limitation of methodological quality of included studies,more strictly designed and large sam-ple prospective studies are needed to verify the result.

Objective To investigate the current situation of the prevention and contml of iodine deficiency disorders(IDD)in Hubei Province,SO as to provide a policy.making basis for controlling work of IDD. Methods Using the method of proportional population sampling(PPS),30 eounties were seiected in Hubei Province.In each selected county,1 primary school was chosen.In every primary school,40 pupil8 aged 8～10 years were selected to examine thyroid size,intelligent quotient(IQ),and salt iodine contents at their home.In the selected pupils,2 boys and 2 girls were chosen to determine their urinary iodine contents in each age grouD.Twenty pupils in the above school and 5 housewives ileal"to this school were tested in health education questionnaire. Results The median of salt iodine was 30.1 mg/kg,and the rate of comsuming qualified iodized salt was 96.2% (1154/1200).The rates ofchild goiter were 6.5%(78/1200)by palpation and 4.1%(49/1200)by B ultrasound.The median of urinary iodine Was 358.4μg/L and mean of the IQ was 105.3±14.4.The rate of qualified scores of both students and housewives Was 25.5%(153/600)、90.7%(136/150).Conclusions The current Bituation of iedine nutrition is good.The goal of eliminating IDD has been achieved in Hubei Province.

Objective To determine the expression of HPV16/18,31/33 DNA and p53,p21~(WAF1) and MDM2 proteins in invasive squamous cell carcinoma of cervix (ISCC)and to indicate the significance of them in the occurrence and development of ISCC.Methods Using tissue microarray,in situ hybridization (ISH) and immunohistochemical method,we detected the expression of HPV16/18,31/33 and investigate the expres- sion of p53,p21~(WAF1),MDM2 and proteins in ISCC,CIN and NCE.Results was analysed by SPSS vision 12.5. Results The positive expression rate of HPV16/18,p53,p21~(WAF1),MDM2 in ISCC was markedly higher than in CIN and NCE.We found the difference between HPV31/33 and lymph node transfer.Significant relation- ship was observed between p53 protein expression and histological grade and lymph node metastasis of the cancer.There was positive correlation between the expression of p21~(WAF1) protein and the depth of invasion(P

Nasal polyp (NP) is a common chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and sinuses.Although some authors have suggested that NP is related to inflammatory factors such as interleukin (IL)-1β,IL-5,IL-8,granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF),tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,and IL-17,the mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis and progression of NP remain obscure.This study investigated the expression and distribution of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in NP,and explored the roles of these two molecules in the pathogenesis of eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (Eos CRSwNP) and non-Eos CRSwNP.Real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry were used to detect the expression of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in samples [NP,unciform process (UP) from patients with CRS,and middle turbinate (MT) from healthy controls undergoing pituitary tumor surgery].The results showed that the expression levels of IL-17 and syndecan-1 were upregulated in both NP and UP tissues,but both factors were higher in NP tissues than in UP tissues.There was no significant difference in IL-17 levels between the Eos CRSwNP and non-Eos CRSwNP samples,and syndecan-1 levels were increased in the non-Eos CRSwNP tissues as compared with those in Eos CRSwNP tissues.In all of the groups,there was a close correlation between the expression of IL-17 and syndecan-1 in nasal mucosa epithelial cells,glandular epithelial cells,and inflammatory cells,suggesting that IL-17 and syndecan-1 may play a role,and interact with each other,in the pathogenesis ofnon-Eos CRSwNP.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of trimethyltin chloride (TMT) on proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative damage, and NF-κB expression in PC12 cells in vitro.

METHODSPC12 cells were treated with 0, 0.3125, 0.6250, 1.2500, 2.5000, 5.0000, 10.0000, and 20.0000 µmol/L TMT for 24 and 48 h, and MTT assay was used to evaluate cell viability. PC12 cells were treated with 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µmol/L TMT for 12 and 24 h, and flow cytometry was used to measure the apoptotic rates of cells. PC12 cells were treated with 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µmol/L TMT for 6 h, and the reactive oxygen species (ROS) and glutathione (GSH) levels were measured. PC12 cells were treated with 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µmol/L TMT for 12 h, and Western blot was used to measure NF-κB levels.

RESULTSCompared with solvent controls, the PC12 cells treated with 2.5000, 5.0000, 10.0000, and 20.0000 µmol/L TMT for 24 h showed significantly decreased cell viability (P < 0.05); the PC12 cells treated with 1.2500, 2.5000, 5.0000, 10.0000, and 20.0000 µmol/L TMT for 48 h showed significantly decreased cell viability (P < 0.05). The PC12 cells treated with 1.2500, 2.5000, 5.0000, and 10.0000 µmol/L TMT for 12 h had apoptotic rates of 15.30% ± 0.75%, 18.90% ± 0.61%, 22.00% ± 0.60%, and 36.50% ± 0.66%, respectively, and the PC12 cells treated with 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µmol/L TMT for 24 h had apoptotic rates of 28.6% ± 0.40%, 43.54% ± 2.00%, 65.73% ± 0.71%, and 74.67% ± 0.40%, respectively, all significantly higher than those of the control group (12 h: 12.80% ± 1.00%, 24h: 16.83% ± 0.25%) (P < 0.05). The ROS fluorescence intensities of the PC12 cells treated with 1.25, 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µmol/L TMT were 1.42, 1.71, 1.78, and 1.89 times that of the control group (P < 0.05); the PC12 cells treated with 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µmol/L TMT had GSH levels of 0.17 ± 0.0, 0.20 ± 0.04, and 0.07 ± 0.03 µmol/µg protein, significantly lower than that of the control group (0.30 ± 0.01 µmol/L protein) (P < 0.05). The PC12 cells treated with 2.50, 5.00, and 10.00 µmol/L TMT had significantly higher expression of NF-κB p65 than the control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONUnder our laboratory conditions, TMT can significantly inhibit proliferation and induce apoptosis in PC12 cells, which may be related to oxidative stress and NF-κB signaling pathway activation.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; PC12 Cells ; Rats ; Transcription Factor RelA ; metabolism ; Trimethyltin Compounds ; toxicity

OBJECTIVETo identify and characterize mesenchymal stem cells from synovial membrane of temporomandibular joint in vitro.

METHODSSynovial mesenchymal stem cells (SMSCs) were obtained by limited dilution method and expanded in 25 ml flasks. Methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) method was used to determine the cell growth cycles. The expressions of vimentin and keratin were respectively detected with immunocytochemistry, while the expressions of CD8, CD34, CD44, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (VCAM-1) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) were determined by flow cytometry.

RESULTSPure mesenchymal stem cells were of spindle shape and uniform in size, which were intensively positive in vimentin, but negative in keratin. The expression of CD44, VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 were also verified by flow cytometry.

CONCLUSIONSMesenchymal stem cells could be purified from adult synovial membrane of temporomandibular joint.

Cell Differentiation ; Cell Separation ; methods ; Cells, Cultured ; Flow Cytometry ; Humans ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; cytology ; Synovial Membrane ; cytology ; Temporomandibular Joint

OBJECTIVETo explore the genesis of the oval cells in hepatic tissue and relationship between the hepatic oval cells and the primary hepatocarcinoma.

METHODSSixty SD rats were divided into normal group (20 cases) and experimental group (40 cases). C-kit and PCNA were continuously detected by immunohistochemistry and the liver pathologic changes were observed by optical microscope in the different period.

RESULTSThe hepatical surface was lubricous and the histological morpha was normal in the normal group, and the positive cells of C-kit and PCNA were found on occasion. In the experimental group, the oval cells which express C-kit and PCNA were firstly discovered in the periportal regions in the second weeks, and these cells proliferate in turn and rangely in the bile duct epithelium. With the hepatic injury becoming more serious, the oval cells extended into the centrilobular regions from periportal regions. When HCC occurred, the oval cells were found in the cancer nodule and in the margin. In this period, the most of positive cells of C-kit still located in the periportal regions, while the PCNA cells were found in and out of the cancer nodule.

CONCLUSIONSThe oval cells originate from bile duct of the periportal regions. The oval cells play an important role in the process of hepatocarcinogenesis.

Animals ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Liver ; chemistry ; pathology ; Liver Neoplasms, Experimental ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen ; analysis ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-kit ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stem Cells ; chemistry ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the role of apelin in the prevention of pulmonary hypertension induced by hypoxia in rats.

METHODSThe animal model of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension was established by exposing the rats to isobaric hypoxic chamber for 4 weeks (8 h/d, 6 d/ w). Forty male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into control group (NC), hypoxic group(HH), hypoxic with low-dose apelin (5 nmol/(kg x d) group(LA) and high-dose apelin (10 nmol/(kg x d) (HA). [pGlu]apelin-13 was administered into the rats of apelin groups by mini-osmotic pump subcutaneously. The mean pulmonary arterial pressure(mPAP) and the mean carotid arterial pressure (mCAP) were measured by either right or left cardiac catheterization, and the weight ratio of right ventricule/left ventricule plus septum (RV/(LV + S)) were calculated. The Masson's trichrome stained lung specimens were examined by light microscope to examine the vessel wall area/total area (WA/TA), vessel cavity area/total area (CA/TA) and media thickness of pulmonary arterioles (PAMT). Meanwhile, the lung homogenates were assayed for the activity of supeeroxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA).

RESULTS(1) mPAP and RV/(LV + S) of HH group were significantly higher than those of NC group. mPAP of LA and HA groups were lower than those of HH group. The RV/(LV + S) of HA group was significantly lower than that of HH group, but there was no significant difference between HH group and LA group. (2) Masson's trichrome staining revealed that WA/TA and PAMT of HH group were higher than those of NC group. Administration of apelin significantly eliminated WA/TA and PAMT in LA and HA groups. (3) CA/TA of HH group was lower than that of NC group. Administration of apelin significantly elevated CA/TA in LA and HA groups. (4) The activity of SOD and content of MDA in HH group was, respectively, lower and higher than those in NC group. Apelin treatment increased the activity of SOD in LA and HA groups while decreased the content of MDA.

CONCLUSIONSApelin could play an important role in treatment of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension of rats and the mechanisms of protection were associated with vasodilation of pulmonary artery and inhibition of oxidative stress.

Animals ; Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; physiopathology ; prevention & control ; Hypoxia ; complications ; physiopathology ; Intercellular Signaling Peptides and Proteins ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Pulmonary Artery ; physiopathology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Vasodilation ; drug effects

Nine known compounds, 5-hydroxy-7-methoxy-2-methyl-4-chromanone (1), 5, 7-dihydroxy-2-methyl-4-chromanone (2), 5-hydroxyl-2-methyl-4-chromanone (3), 1-(2, 6-dihydroxyphenyl)-3-hydroxybutanone(4), 5alpha, 8alpha-epidioxyergosta-6, 22-dien-3beta-ol (5), (22E,24R)-ergost-7, 22-dien-3beta, 5alpha, 6alpha-triol (6), euphorbol (7), beta-sitosterol (8) and 2-(4-hydroxyphenyl) -ethanol (9) were isolated and identified in Xylaria nigripes for the first time, and their structures were mainly determined by MS and NMR methods. Compounds 1 and 2 were isolated as the natural product for the first time.
Mass Spectrometry ; Mycelium ; chemistry ; Organic Chemicals ; analysis ; isolation & purification ; Xylariales ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference between J-hook and micro-implant anchorage in the treatment of patient with bimaxillary protrusion.

METHODSThirty patients with bimaxillary protrusion were divided into two groups (J-hook and micro-implant groups) and treated with MBT appliance. Four first premolars were extracted in all patients. Cephalometric analyses were carried out before and after treatment.

RESULTSIn J-hook group and micro-implant group,computerized cephalometric analysis revealed that before treatment U6C-PP was (12.4 +/- 0.2) mm and (12.5 +/- 0.1) mm, respectively,and after treatment U6C-PP was (12.6 +/- 0.1) mm and (12.8 +/- 0.1) mm,respectively. The difference between J-hook group and microimplant group was significant (P < 0.01). The other differences of cephalometric analyses between J-hook group and micro-implant group was not significant.

CONCLUSIONSBoth J-hook and micro-implant could provide adequate anchorage in the treatment of patients with bimaxillary protrusion.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Malocclusion, Angle Class I ; therapy ; Orthodontic Anchorage Procedures ; instrumentation ; Orthodontic Appliances ; Orthodontics, Corrective ; instrumentation ; methods ; Young Adult