Forensic Medicine ; Humans ; Kidney Transplantation ; Polycystic Kidney Diseases

Adolescent ; Adult ; Cell Transplantation ; Child ; Epidermis ; cytology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Suspensions ; Transplantation, Autologous ; Vitiligo ; therapy

Objective To affirm and calssify the arsas with high water iodine and the endemic areas of indline excess goiter in Jiangsu Privince accirding to mational standard.Methods A cross section survey was condueted in 2005 at township level in Fenxian,Tongshan,Suining,Pizhou counties in Xuzhou municipal and Chuzhou district in Huai'an municipal in Jiangsu Province One sample of dringing well water from five directions in the five villages located dircetions of every township namely east west south north and central.was tested for its water iodine concentration.If the sample number sas less than 5 in one village,then all the well water would be tested Endemic stutas of iodine excess goiter was investigated in those townships whose menian water iodine comcentration was between 150 to 300 μg/L Then status was affirmed and reclassifed according.to National Criteria GB/T 19280-2003 Results In all 158 tawnships from the 6 counties the median of water iodine concentration in 79 townships were over 150 μg/L with 32 townships in the range of 150 to 300μg/L In those 32 townships 9 met the criteria of area of high water iodine 23 accorded with that of encemic areas of iosine excess goiter 16 had stopped the supply of non-iodzed salt in advace,but 16 newly detected areas were still served with iodized salt Four were 300 μg/L Conctusions Iodized salt intervention should be stopped in all townships with the problems of high water iodine and the endmic areas of iodine excess goter in order to prevent the possible hazards due to double intade.

Small ubiquitin-related modifiers (SUMOs) belong to an important class of ubiquitin like proteins. SUMOylation is a post-translational modification process that regulates the functional properties of many proteins, among which are several proteins implicated in neurodegenerative diseases. This study was aimed to investigate the changes of SUMO-1 expression and modification, and the relationship between SUMO-1 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathology in APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice. Using Western blot, co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescent staining methods, the SUMO-1 expression and modification and its relation to tau, amyloid precursor protein (APP) and β-amyloid protein (Aβ) in the 12-month-old APP/PS1 transgenic AD mice were analyzed. The results showed that: (1) Compared with the normal wild-type mice, the expression and modification of SUMO-1 increased in brain of AD mice, which was accompanied by an increase of ubiquitination; (2) In RIPA soluble protein fraction of cerebral cortex, co-immunoprecipitation analysis showed tau SUMOylated by SUMO-1 increased in AD mice, however, AT8 antibody labeled phosphorylated tau was less SUMOylated whereas PS422 antibody labeled phosphorylated tau was similar to control mice; (3) Double immunofluorescent staining showed that SUMO-1 could distributed in amyloid plaques, appearing that some of SUMO-1 diffused in centre of some plaques and some of SUMO-1 co-localized with AT8 labeled phosphorylated tau forming punctate aggregates around amyloid plaques which was concerned as dystrophic neurites, however, less Aβ, APP and PS422 labeled phosphorylated tau were found co-localized with SUMO-1. These results suggest that SUMO-1 expression and modification increase abnormally in transgenic AD mice, which may participate in modulation of the formation of senile plaques and dystrophic neurites.
Alzheimer Disease ; physiopathology ; Amyloid beta-Peptides ; metabolism ; Amyloid beta-Protein Precursor ; metabolism ; Animals ; Brain ; pathology ; Mice ; Mice, Transgenic ; Neurites ; pathology ; Phosphorylation ; Plaque, Amyloid ; physiopathology ; SUMO-1 Protein ; metabolism ; Sumoylation ; tau Proteins ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEElectron microscopical study of infected cells to identify the pathogenic agent of SARS.

METHODSVero E6 cells infected with lung autopsy samples or nasopharyngeal swabs from SARS patients of Beijing and Guangzhou were inoculated. The supernatant and cultured cells exhibiting identifiable cytopathic effect (CPE) were prepared for electron microscopic study.

RESULTSExamination of CPE cells on thin-section revealed characteristic coronavirus particles within the cisternae of endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus, vesicles and extracellular space. They were mainly spherical or oval in shape, annular or dense, about 80 nm in diameter. Negative-stain electron microscopy identified coronavirus particles in culture supernatant, 80 - 120 nm in diameter, with club-shaped surface projections. Elongated, rod-, kidney- or other irregular shaped virons with the size of 100 - 200 nm by 60 - 90 nm were also found in the cultured cells infected with the lung samples from the Guangdong patients. Infectious virons entered cells by endocytosis or membrane fusion and released through a budding process.

CONCLUSIONThese data indicate a novel coronavirus as the causative agent of SARS. Most viral particles showed typical characteristics of coronavirus. The potential role of special shape viruses is expected to be further investigated.

Animals ; Cercopithecus aethiops ; Humans ; Microscopy, Electron ; SARS Virus ; ultrastructure ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; virology ; Vero Cells

OBJECTIVETo establish a method for gene delivery in murine renal tissue using lentivirus vector encoding miR-483-5p.

METHODSThirty-five C57BL/6J mice were randomly divided into control group, low-dose treatment group (5 µL each kidney) , and high?dose treatment group (20 µL each kidney), and in the latter two groups, the lentivirus vector encoding miR-483-5p were injected in the renal cortex. The tissue samples were collected at 7 and 21 days after the injection. A transgenic mouse model with inducible systemic overexpression of miR-483-5p was established in TG483 mice. The Cre-loxp system was used to create a mouse model with renal tubule-specific expression of miR-483-5p. The levels of BUN in the mice were detected and HE staining and fluorometric TUNEL assay were used to observe the morphological changes of the kidneys; real-time qPCR was used to detect miR-483-5p expression in the renal cortex.

RESULTSThe mice with overexpression of miR-483-5p had normal renal function without obvious pathological changes or apoptosis in the renal tissue. Renal cortex injection of 20 µL lentivirus resulted in obviously increased level of miR-483-5p at 21 days (1.2∓0.43 vs 8.6∓1.09, P<0.001). miR-483-5p showed a low expression (0.9∓0.09 vs 1.7∓0.19, P<0.05) in TG483 mice and a high expression in the kidney of the transgenic mice established using the Cre-loxp system (1.6∓1.13 vs 12.36∓3.89, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe transgenic mice with renal tubule-specific expression of miR-483-5p show normal renal function, and this model facilitates further study of the role of miR-483-5p in the kidney.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of estradiol on the expression of antioxidant enzymes in osteoblasts and its role in postmenopausal osteoporosis.

METHODSRat models of osteoporosis established by ovariectomy were treated with estradiol for 3 months, and the changes in serum levels of reactive oxygen species (HO) and antioxidant enzymes (γ -GCS, GSH-ST and GSH-px) were detected. The effects of estradiol on the expression of γ -GCS mRNA and protein in osteoblast-like cells MC3T3-E1, MG63 and OB were examined with PCR and Western blotting. Using a mRNA microarray, we analyzed the changes in the expressions of 84 antioxidant enzymes in the osteoblast cell line MC3T3-E1 following estradiol treatment, and the enzymes with significant changes were verified by PCR. CCK-8 kit was used to evaluate the effect of estradiol and antioxidant NAC on the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

RESULTSRat models of osteoporosis were successfully established with ovariectomy. The osteoporotic rats showed significantly increased serum level of reactive oxygen species (H2O2) and decreased levels of antioxidant enzymes. Estrogen treatment of the osteoporotic rats obviously reversed the phenotype of osteoporosis, lowered serum level of reactive oxygen species, and increased the level of γ -GCS. In MC3T3-E1, MG63 and OB cells, estradiol treatment significantly upregulated the expression levels of γ -GCS mRNA and protein. In MC3T3-E1 cells treated with estrogen, the mRNA chip identified 6 upregulated antioxidant enzymes (Gpx6, Gstk1, Nos2, Prdx2, Ngb and Ccs), and the results of PCR verified that estradiol upregulated Ccs and Ngb mRNAs in MC3T3-E1, MG63 and OB cells. Estradiol and antioxidant NAC obviously promoted the proliferation of MC3T3-E1 cells.

CONCLUSIONEstradiol significantly increases the expression of antioxidase γ -Gcs, Ccs and Ngb in osteoblasts in vitro. Postmenopausal osteoporosis is closely related with the increase of reactive oxygen species and the decrease of antioxidant levels. In osteoblasts, estrogen deficiency may increase the level of reactive oxygen species, decrease the level of antioxidant enzymes, activate the oxidative stress cascade, and consequently inhibit the proliferation of osteoblasts to aggravate the condition of osteoporosis.

BACKGROUNDTo investigate the epidemiological characteristics of human papillomavirus (HPV) infection in men attending a sexually transmitted diseases (STD) clinic in Hangzhou area.

METHODSThe enrolled individuals were men aged 18-70 years attending the STD clinic. Penile swabs were assessed for HPV DNA using polymerase chain reaction with the consensus primers MY09/11. The HPV genotypes of positive PCR products were determined by restriction fragment length polymorphisms and direct sequence analysis.

RESULTSOf 375 swabs collected, 305 (81.3%) yielded sufficient DNA for the subsequent HPV analysis. Among the 305 subjects, the prevalence of HPV was 13.8%. Low risk HPV types were found in 8.5% (26/305) of the enrolled individuals, high risk types were found in 4.3% (13/305) of the enrolled individuals, and multiple types were found in 1.0% (3/305) of participants. The prevalence of HPV infection was higher in participants from urban area than in those from rural area (P<0.05). The prevalence was also higher in those who had received less years of education (P<0.05) and those who had more sex partners (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONHPV infection among men at high risk is not uncommon. The detection rate of HPV DNA was significantly related to some sociodemographic factors, such as residence, educational level and the number of sex partners.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alphapapillomavirus ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Capsid Proteins ; genetics ; China ; epidemiology ; DNA, Viral ; genetics ; Genotype ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Oncogene Proteins, Viral ; genetics ; Outpatients ; statistics & numerical data ; Papillomavirus Infections ; epidemiology ; virology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; epidemiology ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Young Adult

The present study was designed to investigate the effects of various extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins on the biological characteristics of late endothelial progenitor cells (EPCs). Density gradient centrifugation-isolated rat bone marrow mononuclear cells were cultured in complete M199 medium, which contained 15% fetal calf serum, 10 μg/L vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and 5 μg/L basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF). EPCs were plated on substrates containing fibronectin (Fn), laminin (Ln) or rat tail tendon collagen (Col), and the corresponding cells were defined as Fn, Ln and Col groups. The 3rd generation EPCs, namely late EPCs, were harvested. The proliferation, adhesion, migration and the ability of forming tubes were assayed using CCK-8, adhesion test, wound healing assay and Matrigel, respectively. The mRNA expressions of endothelial cell differentiation markers, vWF and CD31, were analyzed by real time RT-PCR. The apoptosis was assayed by flow cytometry (FCM). The results showed that cell proliferation ability of Fn and Col groups were higher than that of Ln group; Fn group showed increased adhesion compared to Col and Ln groups (P < 0.01); The migration ability of Fn and Col groups were higher than that of Ln group. Moreover, Fn group showed increased tube formation abilities compared to Col and Ln groups (P < 0.05). Although 24-hour free-serum-induced apoptosis in Ln group was the highest, there was no difference of auto-apoptosis among the three groups. Furthermore, the mRNA expressions of vWF and CD31 exhibited no difference among the three groups. These results suggest the ECM affects the biological functions of late EPCs, which would have a high probability of providing new directions that lead to the development of artificial heart and blood vessels.
Animals ; Cell Proliferation ; Cells, Cultured ; Collagen ; chemistry ; Endothelial Progenitor Cells ; cytology ; Extracellular Matrix ; physiology ; Extracellular Matrix Proteins ; chemistry ; Fibroblast Growth Factor 2 ; chemistry ; Fibronectins ; chemistry ; Rats ; Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A ; chemistry

This article reports that nano-silica solid dispersion technology was used to raise genistein efficiency through increasing the enzymatic hydrolysis rate. Firstly, genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion was prepared by solvent method. And differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were used to verify the formation of solid dispersion, then enzymatic hydrolysis of solid dispersion was done by snailase to get genistein. With the conversion of genistein as criteria, single factor experiments were used to study the different factors affecting enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin and its solid dispersion. And then, response surface method was used to optimize of nano-silica solid dispersion technology assistant enzymatic hydrolysis. The optimum condition to get genistein through enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion was pH 7.1, temperature 52.2 degrees C, enzyme concentration 5.0 mg x mL(-1) and reaction time 7 h. Under this condition, the conversion of genistein was (93.47 +/- 2.40)%. Comparing with that without forming the genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion, the conversion increased 2.62 fold. At the same time, the product of hydrolysis was purified to get pure genistein. The method of enzymatic hydrolysis of genistin-nano-silica solid dispersion by snailase to obtain genistein is simple, efficiency and suitable for the modern scale production.
Animals ; Calorimetry, Differential Scanning ; Genistein ; chemistry ; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration ; Hydrolysis ; Isoflavones ; chemistry ; Microscopy, Electron, Transmission ; Nanoparticles ; Phytoestrogens ; chemistry ; Silicon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Snails ; enzymology ; Solubility ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods