Brainstem infarction accounts for about 9% to 21.9% of all cerebral infarctions. This article reviews the etiology of brainstem infarction and its pathogenesis,clinical manifestation,diagnosis,and treatment.

Seven terpenoids and three sterols were isolated from the methanol extracts of the aerial parts of Ricinus communis by chromatography methods and their structures were identified by spectra analysis as ficusic acid( 1), phytol(2), callyspinol(3) , lupeol(4), 30-norlupan-3beta-ol-20-one(5) , lup-20(29)-en-3beta,15alpha-diol(6) , acetylaleuritolic acid( 7), stigmast4-en-3-one(8) , stig-mast-4-en-6beta-ol-3-one(9) , and stigmast4-en-3,6-dione(10). Compounds 1-3 and 5-10 were obtained from this species for the first time and 5 and 6 showed significant inhibitive activity and good selectivity against 11beta-HSD of mouse and human in vitro. [Key words] Ricinus communis; terpenoids; sterols; 11beta-HSD
11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 1 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; 11-beta-Hydroxysteroid Dehydrogenase Type 2 ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Animals ; Diabetes Mellitus ; drug therapy ; enzymology ; Humans ; Hypoglycemic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Mice ; Ricinus ; chemistry ; Sterols ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Terpenes ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use

Objective To summarize and study the clinicopathologic features,diagnosis and differential diagnosis of tricho-blastoma (TB).Methods The clinicopathological characteristics,histomorphology features and immunophenotype features of TB and differential diagnosis with multiple diseases in 3 cases of TB were retrospectively analyzed;moreover,5 cases of basal cell carci-noma were selected and performed the immunophenotype detection,which focused on the differential diagnosis with TB.Results The masses in 3 cases were located under the skin without connecting with the epidermis and were composed of basal-like cells with palisade arrangement of peripheral cells.The case 1 showed unequal-sized multiple cyst cavities and pigment deposition and was di-agnosed as pigmented TB.The papillary mesenchymal bodies were found in case 2,which was diagnosed as TB.The basal cells of tumor in case 3 distributed as palisade arrangement and formed the wave structure,which was diagnosed as rippled-pattern TB.AR in 3 cases and Bcl-2 in 2 cases were negative expression,CK20 in 1 case was sporadically positive,CD10 stroma and papillary struc-ture in 3 cases were positive,paliform-like arrange tumor cells CD10 around basal cell carcinomas in 5 cases were positive,AR in 4 cases was positive,Bcl-2 in 3 cases was positive and CK20 in 5 cases was negative.Conclusion TB is a benign tumor derived from the hair follicle germinal epithelium with a good prognosis after complete resection and the differential diagnosis focuses on basal cell carcinomas.

OBJECTIVETo observe the clinical efficacy of Safflower Injection (Al) in treating and preventing the vascular crisis after free flap transplantation.

METHODSSixty patients undergoing free flap transplantation were randomly assigned to the treatment group and control group according to the visiting sequence, thirty in each. Free flap transplantation was performed on all patients, and medication was given 0. 5 h before flap vascular anastomosis, 1-7 days after surgery. Twenty mL Al was intravenously dripped to patients in the treatment group after adding in 250 mL 5% glucose injection, while Dextran-40 was intravenously dripped to patients in the control group. The medication was conducted once per day. The hemorheology and four indices of blood coagulation [prothrombin time (PT), international normalized ratio (INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), fibrinogen (FIB)] were compared between the two groups before operation (TO), during operation (T1), 24 h after operation (T2), three days after operation (T3), and seven days after operation (T4). Meanwhile, flaps were observed and adverse reaction recorded. The clinical efficacy and safety were compared.

RESULTSBetter result was obtained in the treatment group when compared their clinical efficacy (86. 67% vs 60. 00%, P<0.05). The whole blood high and low viscosity, plasma viscosity, red blood cell (RBC) volume, RBC aggregation index all decreased, and RBC deformed index increased in the two groups at T4, showing statistical difference when compared with those at T3 (P<0.05, P<0.01). There was no statistical significance in the four indices of blood coagulation when compared with any time point in the same group (P>0.05). There was no statistical significance in hemorheology and the four indices of blood coagulation between the two groups at the same time point (P>0.05). The adverse reaction rate in the treatment group was lower than that in the control group, showing statistical difference (13.33% vs 30.00%, P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSAI could effectively prevent and treat the vascular crisis after free flap transplantation. It had less adverse reaction and good safety. It was better than Dextran-40. It was a safe and effective drug to prevent the vascular crisis.

Adult ; Carthamus tinctorius ; Female ; Free Tissue Flaps ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Injections ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy ; Skin Transplantation ; adverse effects ; Vascular Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control ; Young Adult

Objective To study the effect of antiapoptosis factors PED/PEA-15 and XIAP on prostate cancer cells(PC-3)apoptosis.Methods The expressions of XIAP and PED/PEA-15 in prostate cancer cells(PC-3)were respectively assayed using the RT-PCR technique.XIAP and PED/ PEA-15 specific siRNA vectors were designed and constructed and then were transiently cotransfected into PC-3 cells under induction of liposome.The effects of siRNA vectors on PED/PEA-15 and XIAP transcription were assayed by RT-PCR technique,and the effect of XIAP and PED/PEA-15 on cancer cell apoptosis were determined by flow cytometry and microscope observation.Results PED/PEA- 15 and XIAP were both highly expressed in PC-3 cells.Enzyme digestion analysis and DNA sequencing confirmed that the PED/PEA-15 and XIAP-specific siRNA expression vectors were constructed successfully.The designed siRNA sequences of PED/PEA-15 and XIAP could specifically inhibit their transcription.The PC-3 cells which were cotransfected with PED/PEA-15 and XIAP- specific siRNA vectors were more sensitive to doxorubicin.The apoptosis rate of cotransfected cells was significantly increased.Conclusions PED/PEA-15 and XIAP might be involved in the development of prostate cancer.

Objective To determine the effect of iron deficiency on hemoglobin A2(HbA2) expression in patients with β-thalassemia.Methods The participants were recruited from the out-patient clinics of the Pediatrics Department and Obstetrics Department of Affiliated Hospital of Guilin Medical College and from some β-thalassemia major families.Blood samples from the participants were used for blood smear tests and hemoglobin electrophoresis and to analyze serum ferritin (SF),3 alpha-globin gene deletions,and 17 beta-globin point mutations.Results Of the 408 individuals,304 were assigned to group A (normal controls),26 to group B (iron deficiency),56 to group C (β-thalassemia),and 22 to group D (β-thalassemia combined with iron deficiency). The results for the comparison of the mean HbA2 values among pairs of groups were as follows: group A vs group B,q=5.074 7,P<0.05; group A vs group C,q=37.650 8,P<0.05; group A vs group D,q=16.043 0,P<0.05;group C vs group D,q=7.682 9,P<0.05; Group B vs group D,q=15.806 6,P<0.05. There were no significant correlation between SF and HbA2 in all 4 groups.Conclusions Iron deficiency decreased the HbA2 level in both controls and individuals with β-thalassemia. HbA2 levels decreased significantly in individuals with both β-thalassemia and iron deficiency as compared with β-thalassemia group alone. However,they remained significantly higher than both the control and iron-deficient groups. Therefore,the elevation of HbA2 could be used to diagnose β-thalassemia reliably even in the presence of iron deficiency.

Animals ; Conditioning, Classical ; Evoked Potentials, Somatosensory ; Fear ; psychology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Psychological

In this study, polyelectrolyte microcapsules have been fabricated by biocompatible ferrosoferric oxide nanoparticles (Fe3O4 NPs) and poly allyamine hydrochloride (PAH) using layer by layer assembly technique. The Fe3O4 NPs were prepared by chemical co-precipitation, and characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and infrared spectrum (IR). Quartz cell also was used as a substrate for building multilayer films to evaluate the capability of forming planar film. The result showed that Fe3O4 NPs were selectively deposited on the surface of quartz cell. Microcapsules containing Fe3O4 NPs were fabricated by Fe3O4 NPs and PAH alternately self-assembly on calcium carbonate microparticles firstly, then 0.2 molL(-1) EDTA was used to remove the calcium carbonate. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Zetasizer and vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) were used to characterize the microcapsule's morphology, size and magnetic properties. The result revealed that Fe3O4 NPs and PAH were successfully deposited on the surface of CaCO3 microparticles, the microcapsule manifested superparamagnetism, size and saturation magnetization were 4.9 +/- 1.2 microm and 8.94 emu x g(-1), respectively. As a model drug, Rhodamin B isothiocyanate labeled bovine serum albumin (RBITC-BSA) was encapsulated in microcapsule depended on pH sensitive of the microcapsule film. When pH 5.0, drug add in was 2 mg, the encapsulation efficiency was (86.08 +/- 3.36) % and the drug loading was 8.01 +/- 0.30 mg x m(L-1).
Calcium Carbonate ; chemistry ; Capsules ; Chemical Precipitation ; Drug Carriers ; Drug Compounding ; methods ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Electrolytes ; chemistry ; Ferrosoferric Oxide ; chemistry ; Magnetite Nanoparticles ; Microscopy, Electron, Scanning ; Microscopy, Fluorescence ; Particle Size ; Rhodamines ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Serum Albumin, Bovine ; administration & dosage ; chemistry

OBJECTIVETo investigate the shoulder function after arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation in patients with bony Bankart lesion.

METHODSBetween May 2004 and May 2008, 45 patients with bony Bankart lesion who were treated with all arthroscopic reduction and internal fixation with metal anchors were included in this study. Among them 40 patients were male and 5 patients were female. The average age at the surgery was 27.6 years (16.5 - 50.1 years). The average duration of follow-up was 29.7 months (24.8 - 49.0 months). A history of recurrent dislocation of affected shoulder was found in all patients. Metal anchors were used to fix the bony Bankart lesion during the surgery. Hill-Sachs remplissage technique was used to treat the Engaging Hill-Sachs lesion. The preoperative American Shoulder and Elbow Society (ASES) score, Constant-Murley score, Rowe score and the VAS score for instability were 84 ± 14, 95.1 ± 4.6, 39.4 ± 2.9 and 5 ± 3 respectively.

RESULTSNo significant change was found regarding active forward elevation, external rotation and internal rotation after the surgery. The ASES score, Constant-Murley score, Rowe score and the VAS score of stability were 95 ± 7, 98.3 ± 2.2, 84.5 ± 22.0 and 1 ± 2, improved significantly higher after the surgery (P < 0.01). One subluxation and 3 redislocation were happened during follow-up. The overall failure rate was 8.9% (4/45).

CONCLUSIONSAll arthroscopic reduction and fixation of bony Bankart lesion can achieve a good result.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Arthroscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Shoulder Joint ; injuries ; Treatment Outcome ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of COX-2 and MMP-9 in cervical carcinoma and their clinical significance.

METHODSImmunohistochemical SP method was used to detect the expressions of COX-2 and MMP-9 in 72 cases of invasive carcinoma of cervix (ICC) and 16 cases of normal cervical epithelium remote from tumor (NCE), and the relationship between the expressions of COX-2 and MMP-9 in ICC and some factors relating to clinical pathology of cervical carcinoma such as histopathological grading, lymph node metastasis, stroma involvement and FIGO staging were analyzed statistically.

RESULTSThe rates of positive expression of COX-2 and MMP-9 in ICC were significantly higher than those in NCE. COX-2: 88.9% in group ICC and 12.5% in group NCE, P = 0.000. MMP-9: 94.4% in group ICC and 43.8% in group NCE, P = 0.000. The expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and stroma involvement (r = 0.296, P = 0.012 in group ICC and r = 0.257, P = 0.029 in group NCE, respectively). The expression of MMP-9 was positively correlated with FIGO staging (r = 0.329, P = 0.005) and histopathological grading (r = 0.351, P = 0.003). The expression of COX-2 was positively correlated with the expression of MMP-9 in ICC (r = 0.297, P = 0.011).

CONCLUSIONThe overexpressions of COX-2 and MMP-9 are closely related to the invasion and growth of cervical carcinoma. The tissue with overexpression of COX-2 has strong invasion ability. COX-2 and MMP-9 have synergistic effect on proliferation, invasion and metastasis of cancer cells. Detecting the expression of both COX-2 and MMP-9 may be of value in further understanding the biological behavior and predicting the prognosis of cervical carcinoma.

Adenocarcinoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Carcinoma, Squamous Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Cyclooxygenase 2 ; metabolism ; Female ; Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 9 ; metabolism ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Invasiveness ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prognosis ; Uterine Cervical Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Young Adult