Objective To review the relationship between CDKAL1 gene rs7756992 A>G polymorphism and the susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Methods Electronic databases including China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI) 5 Wanfang database, EMBASE, PubMed and ScienceDirect were searched. Case-control studies on the relationship between CDKAL1 gene rs7756992 A>G polymorphism and the susceptibility lo T2DM were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria of original document. The pooled odds ratio (OR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of the relationship between CDKAL1 gene rs7756992 polymorphism and the susceptibility to T2DM were calculated using different genetic models. Subgroup analysis based on the population of different ethnicities and sensitivity analysis were performed. Results Fourteen studies including 24 315 participants in T2DM group and 35 132 in control group were identified in this analysis. Meta analysis showed that CDKAL1 gene rs7756992 A>G polymorphism was associated with the susceptibility to T2DM under different genetic models (allele [G vs A]: OR- 1. 171, 95%C1: 1.122-1.223, P<0. 001; co-dominant [GG vs AA], OR= 1.380, 95%CI 1.258-1.515, P<0. 001; co-dominant. [AG vs AA]: OR=1. 131, 95%CI: 1. 089-1. 176. P<0. 001; dominant [AG+GG vs AA]: OR=1. 168, 95%CI: 1.101-1. 240, P<0. 001; recessive [GG vs AA +AG]: OR= 1. 343, 95%CI: 1.282-1.405, P<0. 001). Results of subgroup analysis showed that CDKAL1 gene rs7756992 G allele significantly increased the risk of T2DM in both Asian and Caucasian populations (PG allele of rs7756992 locus in CDKAL1 gene may be a risk factor for T2DM in Asian and Caucasian population.

Objective To evaluate the association between polymorphism of 5,10-methylenetrahydrofolate reductase C677T and risk of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).Methods Electronic search strategy was carried out among the databases from home and abroad to collect qualified research papers,according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Data on case-control studies on association between MTHFR C677T polymorphism and susceptibility to ALL were colleted and analyzed by models of TT vs.CC + CT or TT vs.CC through Meta-analysis.Stratified analysis was carried out according to different age groups (children or adult).Results In systematical analysis,the pooled odds ratios of MTHFR C677T genetype TT vs.CC + CT or TT vs.CC were 0.87(0.69-1.09 ) and 0.82 ( 0.63-1.06 ) respectively; in children' s group,the pooled odds ratios of MTHFR C677T genetype TT vs.CC + CT or TT vs.CC were 0.92 ( 0.79-1.08),0.88 ( 0.75-1.05 ) while in adult group,the pooled odds ratios of MTHFR C677T genetype TT vs.CC + CT or TT vs.CC were 0.45(0.26-0.77),and 0.41 (0.22-0.72) respectively.Conclusion The MTHFR gene 677T variant might not be associated with the risk of children's ALL but might be associated with a reduced risk on adult's ALL.

Objective To assess the relation of ATP-binding cassette subfamily B member 1 (ABCB1) transporter gene C3435T polymorphisms and resistance to antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) in epilepsy by conducting a Meta-analysis.Methods Electronic search strategy was carried out among the databases from home and abroad to collect qualified research papers according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria.Studies with a case-control design involving the association of ABCB1 C3435T polymorphisms and resistance to AEDs were collected and analyzed by alleles (C vs T) and genotypes with co-dominant (CC vs TT and CT vs TT),dominant (CC+CT vs TT),and recessive (CC vs CT+TT) models in overall and in ethnicity subgroups.Results A total of 23 association studies including 7864 patients (3704 drug-resistant patients and 4160 drag-responsive patients) were pooled in this Meta-analysis.The allelic association of ABCB1 C3435T with risk of resistance to AEDs was not significant under random-effects model (OR=1.05,95％CI:0.94-1.18,P=0.390) in overall analyses.Similar results were also obtained for all genetic models in the stratified analyses by ethnicity subgroups.There was no publication bias.Conclusion The polymophisms of ABCB1 C3435T may not involve in risk of resistance to AEDs in epilepsy.

OBJECTIVETo establish transplanted models of VX2 tongue carcinoma in rabbits by three methods and compare these models.

METHODSAfter establishment of VX2 tumor-bearing rabbits, 72 New-Zealand white rabbits were randomly divided into 3 groups. Intact tumour tissue, modified tumour cell suspension, tumour cell suspension were respectively injected into the middle-third lateral border of the tongues of rabbits in 3 groups to induce transplanted VX2 tongue carcinoma. The histological features, the tumour-take rates and the metastasis rates of the 3 models were observed.

RESULTSThe tumour-take rate of 3 models were 83.3%, 91.7% and 33.3% respectively; the lymph node metastasis rates were 71.4%, 100.0% and 37.5% respectively; the lung metastasis rates were 35.7%, 81.3% and 0 respectively. The histological features of the transplanted VX2 tongue carcinoma of 3 models were all consistent with those of moderately differentiated carcinoma.

CONCLUSIONThe biological properties of the transplanted VX2 tongue carcinoma of 3 models is much alike to tongue carcinoma in humans. The model established with modified tumor cell suspension is considered to be more suitable for tongue cancer study.

Animals ; Carcinoma ; Disease Models, Animal ; Humans ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Neoplasm Transplantation ; Rabbits ; Tongue Neoplasms

OBJECTIVETo determine the optimal position of hypoglossal nerve in hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis and the eligibility of hypoglossal-facial nerve anastomosis with the cervical loop.

METHODSThe cervical course and adjacent structures of the hypoglossal nerve were observed on 21 adult cadavers. The hypoglossal nerve and facial nerve were taken from 3 fresh specimens, and the number of the fasciculus and the cross-sectional area of the nerve were measured.

RESULTSThe facial nerve trunk were monofascicular with a cross-sectional area of 5.1-/+0.2 (range 4.6-5.7) mm(2). The number of the fasciculus and the cross-sectional areas of the nerve trunk and the fasciculus were 1.6-/+0.8 (range 1-4) mm(2) , 7.5-/+0.7 mm(2) (range 6.8-8.0) mm(2), and 4.7-/+0.6 (4.1-5.5) mm(2), respectively, at the proximal segment of the hypoglossal nerve, 3.6-/+0.5 (1-5) mm(2) , 5.6-/+0.5 (4.9-6.1) mm(2) , and 1.6-/+0.4 (0.9-2.2) mm(2) at the distal segment, and 2.4-/+0.8 (1-3) mm(2), 1.1-/+0.7 (0.6-2.2) mm(2), and 0.5-/+0.3 (0.3-1.2) mm(2) at the cervical loop.

CONCLUSIONThe cervical loop is inadequate for facial nerve anastomosis and the proximal segment is large enough to allow partial harvesting of the hypoglossal nerve for neurotisation of the facial nerve.

Anastomosis, Surgical ; methods ; Cadaver ; Facial Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Humans ; Hypoglossal Nerve ; anatomy & histology ; surgery ; Nerve Transfer ; methods

AIMTo extend the analysis of the proteome of human spermatozoa and establish a 2-D gel electrophoresis (2-DE) reference map of human spermatozoal proteins in a pH range of 3.5-9.0.

METHODSIn order to reveal more protein spots, immobilized pH gradient strips (24 cm) of broad range of pH 3-10 and the narrower range of pH 6-9, as well as different overlapping narrow range pH immobilized pH gradient (IPG) strips, including 3.5-4.5, 4.0-5.0, 4.5-5.5, 5.0-6.0 and 5.5-6.7, were used. After 2-DE, several visually identical spots between the different pH range 2-D gel pairs were cut from the gels and confirmed by mass spectrometry and used as landmarks for computer analysis.

RESULTSThe 2-D reference map with pH value from 3.5 to 9.0 was synthesized by using the ImageMaster analysis software. The overlapping spots were excluded, so that every spot was counted only once. A total of 3872 different protein spots were identified from the reference map, an approximately 3-fold increase compared to the broad range pH 3-10 IPG strip (1306 spots).

CONCLUSIONThe present 2-D pattern is a high resolution 2-D reference map for human fertile spermatozoal protein spots. A comprehensive knowledge of the protein composition of human spermatozoa is very meaningful in studying dysregulation of male fertility.

Adult ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; methods ; Fertility ; physiology ; Humans ; Male ; Proteins ; analysis ; Proteome ; Proteomics ; methods ; Reference Values ; Semen ; chemistry ; Spectrometry, Mass, Electrospray Ionization ; Sperm Banks ; Spermatozoa ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; Tissue Donors

OBJECTIVE: To systematically review the effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and infancy in preventing atopic dermatitis in children. METHODS: RevMan5.3 was used to perform a Meta analysis of randomized controlled trials on the effect of probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and infancy in preventing atopic dermatitis in children published between January 2008 and May 2018 across the world. A subgroup analysis was conducted according to the type of probiotics for intervention, follow-up time, time of probiotic supplementation, and study areas. RESULTS: A total of 22 articles were selected, with 3 280 cases in the intervention group and 3 281 cases in the control group. The results of pooled effect size showed that probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and/or infancy significantly reduced the incidence rate of atopic dermatitis (RR=0.81, 95%CI: 0.70-0.93, P<0.05). According to the subgroup analysis, the intervention with Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium had a significant effect (RR=0.68, 95%CI: 0.52-0.90, P<0.05); probiotic supplementation during both pregnancy and infancy also had a significant effect (RR=0.77, 95%CI: 0.66-0.90, P<0.05); probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and/or infancy had a better effect in preventing atopic dermatitis in children aged ≤2 years than in those aged >2 years (RR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.61-0.90, P<0.05); probiotic supplementation had a significant effect in Australia (RR=0.83, 95%CI: 0.73-0.96, P<0.05) and Europe/the United States (RR=0.74, 95%CI: 0.61-0.91, P<0.05). Heterogeneity was mainly due to follow-up time (I=62.7%) and time of probiotic supplementation (I=53.5%). CONCLUSIONS Probiotic supplementation during pregnancy and infancy helps to prevent atopic dermatitis in children, and mixed Lactobacillus-Bifidobacterium intervention has a better effect.
Bifidobacterium ; Child, Preschool ; Dermatitis, Atopic ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lactobacillus ; Pregnancy ; Probiotics

Objective To investigate the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) and its haplotypes of methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) gene with high dose methotrexate (HDMTX)-induced toxicity in children with acute lymphoblastie leukemia (ALL).Methods HDMTX-treated children with ALL (1.2 to 14-years old) were selected from inpatient and followed for a retrospective study.The toxicity response of HDMTX chemotherapy was evaluated using WHO common toxicity criteria.Sixty-one patients with therapy-related toxicity and 36 patients without therapy-related toxicity were genotyped for 2 ShP (677C＞T and 1298A＞C) of the MTHFR gene by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism.Frequency of haplotypes and linkage disequilibrium of MTHFR gene were analyzed by SHEsis program.Results The distribution of MTHFR gene 677C＞T polymorphism did not appeare different between groups with or without toxicity response (x2=4.609,P=0.100),but the 1298A＞C polymorphism was significantly different (x2=10.192,P=0.006).Individuals who carried C allele (AC +CC genotype) had a decreased risk of toxicity response compared to AA genotype ( OR=0.245,95％CI:0.099-0.607,P=0.002).677C＞T and 1298A＞C polymorphisms showed strong linkage disequilibrium (D'=0.895 ).The CC haplotype was significantly associated with decreased risk of toxicity response (OR=0.338,95％CI:0.155-0.738,P=0.005),while the TA haplotype was significantly associated with the increased risk of toxicity response (OR=1.907,95％ CI:1.045-3.482,P=0.035).Conclusion MTHFR gene 1298C allele and CC haplotype might serve as protective factors while TA haplotype as a risk factor for the susceptibility to toxicity response of HDMTX chemotherapy in children with ALL.

Child ; Humans ; Toxoplasmosis, Cerebral ; Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation ; Thalassemia