The sulfonylureas as insulin secretagogues,have formed a cornerstone of pharmacotherapy for type 2 diabetes over 50 years.Although sulfonylureas are effective antihyperglycemic agents,individual variability exists in drug response (i.e.,pharmacodynamics) and adverse effects which may be related to some genes.This article mainly reviews the advance of recent studies about drug metabolism and pharmacogenomics of sulfonylureas.

Bone marrow microenvironment is a complex network consisting of hematopoietic stem/pro-genitor cells (HSPCs),non-hematopoietic cells,extracellular matrix and various cytokines.Its components interact to support normal hematopoiesis.Emerging evidence indicates that the dysfunction of mesenchymal stem cells,myeloid-derived suppressor cells,cytokines and the epigenetic alterations of HSPCs in the bone marrow microenvironment could influence normal hematopoiesis.Abnormal hematopoiesis contributes to the occurrence of hematological malignancies,such as myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS).Animal models have confirmed that bone marrow microenvironment plays an important role in the original generation and maintenance of malignant diseases of hematopoietic system.

Objective To study the diagnosis and treatment of renal cell carcinoma. Methods 369 cases of renal cell carcinoma were reviewed for their incidence,diagnosis,treatment and prognosis. Results 281 cases(76.2%) were clear cell carcinoma ,39 cases (10.6%) of granular cell carcinoma,42 cases(11.4%) being a combination of the above two varieties and 7 cases being of other cell types. Radical nephrectomy was performed for 301 cases (81.6%) and other procedures for 45 cases. 297 cases have been followed up:three-year,five-year and ten-year survival rates were 74.6%、56.2% and 28.2% respectively. Conclusions B type ultrasonography and computerized tomography (CT) are important means in the diagnosis of renal cell carcinoma.The most effective treatment is radical nephrectomy at early stage,wherea sbiological treatment works in certain degree.

Objective To observe the efficacy of CT guided implantation of iodine 125 particles combined with high-frequency hyperthermia in the treatment of the advanced lung cancer .Methods From 2011 November to 2013 March ,60 patients with ad-vanced lung cancer were randomly divided into treatment group :high frequency hyperthermia combined with iodine 125 particle im-plantation(30 cases) ,the control group :the iodine 125 particle implantation group(30 cases) .Thermotherapy was performed 3 -5 days after the implantation using NRL-004 type hyperthermia instrument made by Jilin Maida company in China ,every other day once time ,a total of six times ,60 minutes each time .The iodine 125 particle implantation was performed according to the treatment planning system(TPS) formulation by CT guided and the dosage was 90 Gy .The evaluation of treatment effect was conformed by CT scans after two months of treatment .The side effects was assessed too .Results The total effective rate was 96 .7% in the treatment group ,the control group was 80 .0% ,there was a statistically significant difference (P< 0 .05) .The local pain in chest wall remission rate was 75 .0% (6/8) and 50 .0% (5/10) in the treatment group and the control group(P>0 .05) .The side effects of the treatment was slight including pneumothorax and particle migration and so on .Conclusion Iodine 125 particles implantation is an effective treatment in the treatment of advanced lung cancer and can obtained better effects combined with high-frequency hy-perthermia .The side effects of the treatment is slight for two groups and no death related treatment .

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and diagnosis of mycoplasma pneumoniae(MP) pneumonia showing lobar pneumonia.Methods Patients from Jan.2004 to Dec.2005 were selected as researching case,which had samptoms and signs of respiratory in clinic,the chest Xray shown lobar pneumonia,the MP of down respiratory′s secretion detected by polymerase chain reaction(PCR) and MP-IgM of serum detected by indirect hemagglutination were positive.The clinical data of them were reviewed.Results MP pneumonia showing lobar pneumonia was same to streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia in clinic,but it had some characters:1.majority of the lobar MP pneumonia were children being student;2.the process was long,the samptoms of respiratory was tipical,the continuous fever was few,and the infectious samptoms was not obvious as streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia;3.the injury to lung was more and tipical;4.the increase of white blood cell,neutrocyte and C-reactive protein were not clearly as to streptococcus pneumoniae pneumonia,but the absorbing of lung′s focal was relatively fast;5.the ?-lactams antibiotic was not effective,but macrolides was effective.Conclusions Clinical characters of MP pneumonia are needed to master,the variety of chest X-ray changes and differentiate from other pneumonia infected by other are needed to notice.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of Attractin (Atrn) silence on the anti-oxidative and anti-apoptotic abilities of TM4 Sertoli cells and its influence on the expressions of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and caspase6 in the cells.

METHODSWe observed the apoptotic indexes of TM4 Sertoli cells with normal expression (control), partial deletion, and complete deletion of the Atrn gene (psiRNA-TM4, psiAtrn-TM4, and mu-SC). We determined the mRNA and protein expressions of SOD and caspase6 by Q-PCR and Western blot, measured the SOD activity and malondialdehyde (MDA) contentby spectrophotometry, and detected the apoptotic index of the cells by TUNEL.

RESULTSCompared with psiRNA-TM4, after inhibition of the Atrn expression, the Sertoli cells in the psiAtrn-TM4 and mu-SCgroups showed significantly decreased expressions ofSOD mRNA (70.76% and 92.58%) and protein (65.11% and 71.0%) (both P < 0.05). The levels of caspase 6 mRNA and protein were increased 5.28 and 3.40 times in the psiAtrn-TM4 and 2.97 and 2.50 times in the mu-SCgroup as compared with the normal control (both P < 0.05). Atrn deletion markedly increased the apoptotic indexes of the cells in the psiAtrn-TM4 and mu-SC groups by 16.22% and 22.03% (P < 0.05) and reduced the activity of SOD by 23.00% and 39.37% (P < 0.05); it also elevated the level of MDA by 155.22% (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe Atrn gene exerts influence on the function of Sertoli cells in multiple ways, in which antioxidative stress and apoptosis regulation may play an important role.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 6 ; metabolism ; Cells, Cultured ; Gene Deletion ; Male ; Membrane Proteins ; genetics ; metabolism ; Mice ; Oxidative Stress ; Sertoli Cells ; metabolism ; pathology ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism

Objective To survey the CT radiation dose to cancer patients,and to compare it with diagnostic reference level (DRL) provided by newly issued national standard.Methods Computed tomography dose index weighted (CTDIw) of 5 CT equipments was measured by the standard phantom with typical scanning protocol and radiation dose parameters including average computed tomography dose index volume (CTDIvol),dose length product (DLP),75％ DLP with 900 adult and 300 pediatric cancer patients were collected.According to age stage,effective dose was estimated.Results The measured CTDIw for head scanning was on the same level with DRL,while lumbar vertebra and abdominal scanning were lower than DRL.To adults,DLP of cerebrovascular enhanced scanning and effective dose of abdominal enhanced scanning were the highest.To pediatric patients,there was no significant difference in DLP among different ages.Conclusion CTDI only reflects the dose contribution from a slice,but do not reflect the cumulative dose.For the patients need multiphase scanning,because they may be exposed to high dose,national standard should provide DLP value as the diagnostic reference level.Using individual scanning protocol is an effective method to reduce radiation dose of pediatric patient.

Objective To investigate the effect and mechanism of dexmedetomidine, mifepristone and dexmedetomidine plus mifepristone on the fear memory in rats with post?traumatic stress disorder ( PTSD) . Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into five groups with 8 in each group:control group (group C),PTSD model group (group P),dexmedetomidine group (group D),mifepristone group ( group M) and dexmedetomidine plus mifepristone group ( group U) . Fear memory in rats was evaluated by fear conditioning test ( FC) . Anxiety?like behavior was assessed by the elevated plus?maze test ( EPM) . Ex?pressions of BDNF and its receptor TrkB in the hippocampus of rats after fear condition were detected using Western blot ( WB) and CORT level in the serum was detected using enzyme?linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results Compared with group P,the freezing scores in the FC in group D((32.29±8.09) %), M((33.33±8.21) %),and U((9.38±3.31) %) were significantly decreased (P<0.05). The times and en?tries in the open arms of the EPM were significantly increased (P<0.05) . The expressions of BDNF in group D(0.65±0.04),M(0.71±0.04),U(0.79±0.07) and TrkB in group D(0.66±0.04),M(0.71±0.04),U (0.86±0.03) were obviously rescued in hippocampus of rats (P<0.05). The CORT level in serum in group D ((37.65±12.37)μg/L) and U((59.10±5.23)μg/L) was decreased (P<0.05). There was no difference be?tween group P and M. Conclusion These results suggest that dexmedetomidine, mifepristone and dexme?detomidine plus mifepristone can significantly enhance fear extinction and improve anxiety?like behaviors in rats with PTSD. The mechanism may be that dexmedetomidine and mifepristone could enhance the expres? sions of BDNF and TrkB in the hippocampus.

Botulism ; therapy ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Respiration, Artificial

Purpose To study the expression of HNF-1β in different type ovarian carcinoma and to explore the diagnostic value of HNF-1β in the diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. Methods Immunohistochemical EnVision method was used to detect the ex-pression of HNF-1βin 27 clear cell carcinomas, 35 high-grade serous carcinomas, 21 endometrioid adenocarcinoma, 10 mucious carci-nomas, 13 metastatic Krukenberg tumors, and 2 transitional carcinomas. Results All of ovarian clear cell carcinomas variably ex-pressed HNF-1β and the positive rate of HNF-1β in ovarian cleat cell carcinoma was 85. 2%. Of 21 ovarian serous carcinomas, the nuclear positive of HNF-1β was 4 and HNF-1βpositive rate was 2. 9%. There was 5 HNF-1βexpression in endometrioid adenocarci-noma and the positive rate of HNF-1β was 23. 8%. The positive rate of HNF-1β in mucious carcinoma and metastatic Krukenberg tumor was 60. 0% and 53. 8%, respectively. No HNF-1βexpression was seen in transtional cell carcinoma. The sensitivity and speci-ficity of HNF-1β in the diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma was 85. 2% and 76. 5%. Conclusions HNF-1β may be a higher sensitive marker for the diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma. The diffuse and strong positive of HNF-1βmay have higher specific for diagnosis of ovarian clear cell carcinoma.