Objective:To promote the rational drug use in the patients treated with ambulatory chemotherapy. Methods:A model of integrated pharmaceutical care was established using such service as the real-time prescription examination, configuration standardi-zation, active care and prescription review. Results:The integrated pharmaceutical care could effectively reduce the unreasonable drug use, optimize drug use structure, lower the medical expenses and provide supporting data for clinical decision-making. Conclusion:The development of integrated pharmaceutical care in the patients treated with ambulatory chemotherapy is an important field for phar-macists displaying professional skills, which can promote the rational drug use. The treatment efficacy and life quality of cancer patients can be improved with the cooperation of doctors, nurses and pharmacists.

Objective:To optimize the extraction technology of compound Xiongdan capsules. Methods: The effects of water a-mount, decoction duration and decoction times on the water extraction technology were investigated by orthogonal design using the ex-tract derivation rate and the content of ginsenoside Rg1 , Re and Rb1 as the indices. Results:The optimal water extraction conditions for ginseng and Nidus vespa were as follows:decocting three times with 8-fold of water, and extracting for one hour each time. The extract was condensed until the relative density was 1.20(80-90℃), and then dried and crushed into fine powder. The other herbs were crushed into fine powder and screened by No. 5 meshes. The above powder was blended and well mixed with starch, and then packed into capsules. Conclusion:The optimized water extraction technology is stable, feasible and reproducible, which provide reference for industrial production.

The aim of the present study is to investigate the alterations of cardiac hemodynamics, sodium current (I(Na)) and L-type calcium current (I(Ca-L)) in the cardiomyopathic model of rats. The model of cardiomyopathy was established by intraperitoneal injection of L-thyroxine (0.5 mg/kg) for 10 d. The hemodynamics was measured with biological experimental system, and then I(Na) and I(Ca-L) were recorded by using whole cell patch clamp technique. The results showed that left ventricular systolic pressure (LVSP), left ventricular developed pressure (LVDP), +/-dp/dt(max) in cardiomyopathic group were significantly lower than those in the control group, while left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP) in cardiomyopathic group was higher than that in the control group. Intraperitoneal injection of L-thyroxine significantly increased the current density of I(Na) [(-26.2+/-3.2) pA/pF vs (-21.1+/-6.3) pA/pF, P<0.01], shifted steady-state activation and inactivation curves negatively, and markedly prolonged the time constant of recovery from inactivation. On the other hand, the injection of L-thyroxine significantly increased the current density of I(Ca-L) [(-7.9+/-0.8) pA/pF vs (-5.4+/-0.6) pA/pF, P<0.01)], shifted steady-state activation and inactivation curves negatively, and obviously shortened the time constant of recovery from inactivation. In conclusion, the cardiac performance of cardiomyopathic rats is similar to that of rats with heart failure, in which the current density of I(Na) and especially the I(Ca-L) are enhanced, suggesting that calcium channel blockade and a decrease in Na(+) permeability of membrane may play an important role in the treatment of cardiomyopathy.
Animals ; Calcium Channels, L-Type ; metabolism ; Cardiomyopathies ; chemically induced ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; Hemodynamics ; physiology ; Male ; Myocardium ; metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Sodium Channels ; metabolism ; Thyroxine

BACKGROUNDTransarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the most widely used primary treatment for unresectable hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) due to its survival benefit, though its clinical effect is still far from satisfactory. Jiedufang (JDF) granule preparation is a commonly used Chinese herbal medicine formula for HCC. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of combined therapy with TACE and JDF granule preparation in treatment of unresectable HCC on survival.

METHODSA retrospective study of TACE was performed in 165 patients with unresectable HCC who were admitted between January 2002 and December 2007 in Changhai Hospital, Shanghai, China. Of the 165 patients, 80 patients (study group) received combined therapy consisting of TACE and a long-term maintenance treatment with oral JDF granule preparation, and the remaining 85 patients (control group) received TACE alone. The survival rates of both groups were calculated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Factors possibly affecting survival were assessed by multivariate analysis in the Cox proportional hazard model, such as maximum tumor size, number of lesions, portal vein invasion, and etc.

RESULTSThe median overall survival was 9.2 months (95% CI: 6.94 - 11.46) in the study group versus 5.87 months (95% CI: 4.21 - 7.52) in the control group. In the study group,survival rates of the 1-, 2- and 3-year follow-up were 41.2%, 18.4%, and 9.6%, respectively. Significant independent prognostic factors identified by the Cox regression analysis were as follows: serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) (P = 0.014), maximum tumor size (P = 0.027), number of lesions (P < 0.001), portal vein invasion (P < 0.001), and the therapy model (P = 0.006).

CONCLUSIONCombination therapy of TACE and JDF granule preparation may significantly prolong survival of patients with unresectable HCC.

Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; pathology ; therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVETo investigate the therapeutic effects of Jiedu granules, a Chinese medicine (CM) compound, plus cinobufacini injection, which was extracted from skin of Bufo bufo gargarizans Cantor, to prevent the recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) after surgical resection.

METHODSIn this case-control trial, a total of 120 patients who stayed in Changhai Hospital were enrolled from December 2001 to December 2006. Sixty patients were treated with Jiedu granules plus cinobufacini injection to prevent tumor recurrence after operation (CM group) and 60 patients were treated with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) after operation (TACE group). Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates were determined to evaluate the therapeutic effects of post-operative management of patients with HCC.

RESULTSPFS in the CM group was 18.07 months [95% confidence interval (CI): 12.49-23.65] and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year PFS rates were 61%, 39%, 26%, 22% and 12%, respectively. PFS in the TACE group was 8.03 months (95% CI: 6.63-9.44) and the 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year PFS rates were 34%, 11%, 7%, 2% and 0%, respectively. There was significant difference in survival rate between the two groups (P<0.01). The mean survival time (MST) of patients in the CM group was 49.53 months versus 39.90 months of the TACE group. The 1-, 2-, 3-, 4- and 5-year survival rates were 90%, 82%, 80%, 70% and 63%, respectively, in the CM group, and 79%, 70%, 60%, 60% and 36%, respectively, in the TACE group. There was significant difference in survival time between the two groups (P=0.045).

CONCLUSIONSJiedu granules plus cinobufacini injection, a combination that is commonly used for post-operation management of HCC, can postpone tumor recurrence and metastasis, prolong the survival time and increase the survival rate of post-surgical patients with HCC. However, these findings need to be confirmed in a prospective, randomized controlled trial.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Amphibian Venoms ; administration & dosage ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; drug therapy ; mortality ; surgery ; Case-Control Studies ; Chemoembolization, Therapeutic ; methods ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; Female ; Humans ; Injections, Intra-Arterial ; Liver Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; mortality ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; prevention & control ; Retrospective Studies ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the relationship between CD4- CD8- T cells ratio and IL-4, IFN-gamma levels in the peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic carcinoma.

METHODSFlow cytometer was used to analyze the CD4- CD8- T cells ratio in the peripheral blood of patients with pancreatic carcinoma and the IL-4, IFN-gamma levels were detected by ELISA.

RESULTSThe ratio of CD4- CD8- T cell in CD3+ T cell from 25 pancreatic carcinoma patients was (4.2 +/- 1.7)%, the ratio of CD4- CD8- T cell in CD3+ T cell from 45 healthy person was (6.3 +/- 2.6)%, there was significant deviation between the two groups (P < 0.01). The IL-4 level of 25 pancreatic carcinoma patients was (86.3 +/- 23.3) fg/L, the IL-4 level of 45 healthy person was (56.2 +/- 9.2) fg/L,there was significant deviation between the two groups (P < 0.01). The IFN-gamma level of 25 pancreatic carcinoma patients was (16.4 +/- 4.8) fg/L before operation, the IFN-gamma level of 45 healthy person was (27.4 +/- 3.8) fg/L, there was significant deviation between the two groups (P < 0.01). The ratio of CD4- CD8- T cell in pancreatic carcinoma patient after operation was higher than before operation. It could be found negative correlation between CD4- CD8- T cells ratio and IL-4 level in pancreatic carcinoma patient,it could also be found positive correlation between CD4- CD8- T cells ratio and IFN-gamma level in pancreatic carcinoma patient. In pancreatic carcinoma patient, the CD4- CD8- T cells ratio and IL-4 level was significant associated with clinical stage (P < 0.05), but no relationship with histological differentiation (P > 0.05), it could be found no relationship between IFN-gamma level and clinical stage, histological differentiation (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe CD4- CD8- T cells ratio in the peripheral blood of patients is decreased,it may be participate in the carcinogenesis and development of pancreatic carcinoma by influence the IFN-gamma levels.

Adult ; Aged ; CD4-CD8 Ratio ; Case-Control Studies ; Female ; Humans ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Pancreatic Neoplasms ; blood ; immunology ; T-Lymphocytes ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the roles of monocyte chemotactic factors (MCP-1, RANTES and Fractalkine) on the vulnerability of atherosclerotic plaques in patients with stable (SAP) and unstable angina pectoris (UAP).

METHODSPatients with SAP (n = 50) and UAP (n = 50) underwent coronary angiography (CAG) and intravenous ultrasound (IVUS) were included in the study. Monocyte chemotaxis was assayed by the transwell chamber. Concentrations of hs-CRP, MCP-1, RANTES and Fractalkine were measured by Enzyme-linked-immunosorbent assay (ELISA). mRNA expression of MCP-1, RANTES and Fractalkine in the monocytes was detected by RT-PCR.

RESULTSIVUS evidenced soft lipid plaques in 48% UAP patients and in 16% SAP patients (P < 0.05). SAP patients had mainly fibrous and mixed plaques. Plaque burden and vascular remodeling index were significantly higher in UAP patients than in SAP patients (P < 0.01). The averaged number of migrated monocytes in the UAP patients were higher than that in patients with SAP (P < 0.01). Concentration of hs-CRP, MCP-1, RANTES and Fractalkine were significantly higher in UAP patients than those of SAP patients (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01). mRNA expression of MCP-1, RANTES and Fractalkine in patients with UAP was significantly higher than those of SAP patients (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONUpregulated monocyte chemotactic factors (MCP-1, RANTES and Fractalkine) might promote coronary plaque vulnerability in UAP patients.

Angina Pectoris ; metabolism ; pathology ; Angina, Unstable ; metabolism ; pathology ; Chemokine CCL2 ; metabolism ; Chemokine CCL5 ; metabolism ; Chemokine CX3CL1 ; metabolism ; Coronary Angiography ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo investigate the incidence of hot spot mutation of PDS gene by genetic screening testing method in Chifeng City, Inner Mongolia. The feasibility and effectiveness of genetic screening method in finding enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome were confirmed by temporal bone CT scan.

METHODSDNA were extracted from peripheral blood of 141 students of Chifeng Deaf and Dumb school. PDS IVS7-2 A-G mutation, the most common PDS mutation in Chinese population, was analyzed by direct sequencing for PDS exon 7, exon 8 with intron 7. The individuals found with homozygous or heterozygous PDS IVS7-2 A-G mutation were given further temporal CT scan, ultrasound scan of thyroid and thyroid hormone assays. The results of PDS genetic screening and temporal bone CT scan were compared with each other.

RESULTSThe sequencing results revealed twenty cases carrying PDS IVS7-2 A-G mutation, of whom nine cases were homozygous mutation and eleven cases were heterozygous mutation. Eighteen cases underwent temporal bone CT scan except two cases that left the school due to other health problem. Sixteen cases were confirmed to be enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome (EVAS) by CT scan and the shape and function of thyroid were clinically normal by ultrasound scan of thyroid and thyroid hormone assays, respectively.

CONCLUSIONSThe patients suffered from EVAS can be diagnosed by the screening for the PDS hot spot mutation which has unique advantage in epidemiologic study in large scale deaf population. The preliminary data of this study suggested relatively high incidence of EVAS in Chifeng area.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Female ; Genetic Testing ; Hearing Loss ; genetics ; Humans ; Membrane Transport Proteins ; genetics ; Point Mutation ; Syndrome ; Vestibular Aqueduct ; pathology ; Vestibular Diseases ; genetics ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo explore distribution of the Liver and Lung Channels in the brain so as to provide imaging basis for construction of channel theory in the brain.

METHODSSixty healthy student volunteers were randomly divided into a Liver Channel group (I) and a Lung Channel group (II), and the each group was further divided into five subgroups with 6 volunteers in each subgroup, based on five-shu-point principles which, were Dadun (LR 1, I 1), Xingjian (LR 2, I 2), Taichong (LR 3, I 3), Zhongfeng (LR 4, I 4), Ququan (LR 8, I 5), Shaoshang (LU 11, II 1), Yuji (LU 10, II 2), Taiyuan (LU 9, II 3), Jingqu (LU 8, II 4), and Chize (LU 5, II 5), respectively. In order to observe the brain activating patterns during acupuncture at the different acupoints, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) technique was adopted. All image data were then analyzed with SPM 2 software. The statistical parameter gram was composed of the pixel P < 0.01, and anatomic location was made according to Talairach coordinate, attaining experimentally activated areas, and the commonly activated area of five-shu-point of each channel was considered as the brain distribution of the Liver and Lung Channels.

RESULTSThe common areas activated by the five-shu-points of the Liver Channel were homolateral Brodmann area (BA) 34, BA 47, red nucleus, contralateral BA 19, BA 30, BA 39, the superior parietal lobule, cerebellum decline, and bilateral BA 3 and culmen. The common areas activated by the five-shu-points of the Lung Channels included homolateral BA 2, BA 18, BA 35, and contralateral BA 9 and substania nigra.

CONCLUSIONThere are relatively specific corresponding brain areas for the Liver and Lung Channels, indicating that there is possible relatively specific connection between channels and the brain.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; methods ; Adult ; Brain ; anatomy & histology ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; methods ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Meridians

Objective:To study the epidemiological characteristics and spatio-temporal aggregation of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome (HFRS) in Shandong Province, and to provide reference for formulating reasonable prevention and control strategies.Methods:Retrospective analysis was used to collect HFRS surveillance data and confirmed case data in Shandong Province from 2017 to 2020 in the "China Disease Prevention and Control Information System Infectious Disease Surveillance System". Geoda 1.18 software was used for global and local spatial autocorrelation analysis, SaTScan 9.6 software was used for spatio-temporal scanning analysis, and ArcGis 10.7 software was used for map drawing and visual display.Results:A total of 3 753 cases of HFRS were reported in Shandong Province from 2017 to 2020, including 56 deaths. The annual incidence rate was 1.26/100 000, 1.22/100 000, 0.75/100 000 and 0.53/100 000, respectively, with an average annual incidence rate of 0.94/100 000. The incidence of HFRS was obviously seasonal, mainly concentrated in autumn and winter from October to December, accounting for 50.41% (1 892/3 753). The age of onset was mainly 30-59 years old, accounting for 61.68% (2 315/3 753). The male to female ratio was 2.76 ∶ 1.00 (2 756 ∶ 997). The occupation distribution was mainly farmers, accounting for 81.99% (3 077/3 753). The global spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that HFRS showed spatial aggregation areas in each year from 2017 to 2020 (Moran' I = 0.38, 0.33, 0.59, 0.46, Z = 7.47, 7.23, 10.69, 8.66, P < 0.001). The local spatial autocorrelation analysis showed that "high-high" aggregation areas were mainly concentrated in central and southeast of Shandong Province, while "low-low" aggregation areas were mainly concentrated in northwest of Shandong Province. Spatio-temporal scanning analysis revealed 1 type Ⅰ agglomerations and 2 type Ⅱ aggregation areas. The type Ⅰ aggregation areas occurred from October to November 2018, covering 22 counties (districts) of 5 cities in Qingdao, Yantai, Weifang, Weihai and Rizhao. The first type Ⅱ aggregation area occurred from October to November 2017, involving 23 counties (districts) of 8 cities in Jinan, Zibo, Zaozhuang, Weifang, Jining, Tai 'an, Rizhao and Linyi. The second type Ⅱ aggregation area occurred in Jinxiang County, Jining City from February to March 2017. Conclusion:The incidence of HFRS in Shandong Province from 2017 to 2020 has obvious spatio-temporal aggregation, and the hot spots are concentrated in central and southeast of Shandong Province, which should be regarded as a key area for prevention and control of HFRS.