Cysts ; complications ; Exophthalmos ; complications ; Frontal Sinus ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Paranasal Sinus Diseases ; complications

Objective To design and synthesize Danshensu derivatives to study the role of hydroxyl group n Danshensu's bio-activity. Methods The phenolic and carboxyl groups of Danshensu were protected by benzyl, and then he hydroxyl group underwent reaction with different catalysts o get hydroxyl modified derivatives through ether and ester bonds, then benzyl groups were removed o get target derivatives. These derivatives were evaluated n H9c2 cells against tert-butyl hydroperoxide induced injury o illustrate the structure-activity relationship. Results Eleven derivatives were synthesized, and heir structures were confirmed by MS, NMR and elemental analysis. Biological results showed that neither ether nor ester derivatives showed better anti-oxidative effects than Danshensu. Conclusion The free hydroxyl group may be necessary for Danshensu's activity.

Objective Chronic lymphocytic inflammation with pontine perivascular enhancement responsive to steroids (CLIPPERS) is a recently described brainstem-predominant inflammatory disorder responsive to steroids with characteristic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) feature.There was no case report in China.The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and imaging patterns of CLIPPERS for early diagnosis and treatment.Method Clinical and imaging data and therapeutic methods and following up after treatment of 1 patient diagnosed CLIPPERS were reviewed retrospectively.Results The patient presented with subacute weakness of the lower extremities,gait ataxia and facial numbness.Cerebellar ataxia and pyramidal signs were the main positive signs on neurological examinations.Brain MRI showed punctate gadolinium enhancement peppering the pons and cerebellar.Treatment with steroids led to rapid clinical improvement and marked resolution of MRI lesions which accorded with characteristics of CLIPPERS.Conclusions There are no characteristic clinical manifestations of CLIPPERS.Punctate gadolinium enhancement peppering the pons is the distinct magnetic resonance imaging feature which may suggest the clinical diagnosis of CLIPPERS.Early treatment with steroids can improve the prognosis.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of rituximab in the treatment of anti-N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor (NMDAR) encephalitis.Methods Three patients with anti-NMDAR antibodies in cerebrospinal fluid and serum hospitalized from May 2012 to July 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.The clinical syndrome,investigations,and therapeutic interventions by rituximab when first line immunotherapy failed were evaluated.Results All 3 patients were females with median age of 17 years (12,17,and 22 years).One patient had ovarian teratoma.All 3 patients presented with psychiatric symptoms and movement disorders,2 of which developed into a state of unresponsiveness.Brain magnetic resonance imaging of 2 patients was unremarkable,and 1 showed T2 and FLAIR hyperintensity among the areas of medulla,pons,caudex cerebri and callosum.Fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose-PET showed variable multifocal cortical and subcortical abnormalities that changed during the course of the disease.Electroencephalograms were abnormal in all patients,showing non-specific,slow,and disorganised activity,1 showing extreme delta brush.The cerebrospinal fluid showed lymphocytic pleocytosis.All patients showed no response to treatment with first line immunotherapy (corticosteroids,intravenous immunoglobulin (400 mg · kg-1 · d-1 × 5 d,2-3 courses of treatment)).After the administration of rituximab,1 patient responded slower,whereas the other 2 patients who recovered dramatically (375 mg/m2 every week for 3-4 weeks) continued immunosuppression with mycophenolatemofetil for 1 year.Relapse occurred in 1 patient when the immunotherapies discontinued 6 months later.During the treatment of rituximab,2 patients had grade 3 infectious adverse events (hospitalization and intravenous administration of antibiotics).Conclusions Rituximab is effective for the patients with anti-NMDAR encephalitis who fail to respond to the first line immunotherapy.However the utility of rituximab is still a challenge due to the risk of infectious complications and off-label use.

Objective Percheron artery is an uncommon anatomic variant. Percheron artery infarction with unilateral embryonic posterior cerebral artery ( PCA ) was rarely reported.The aim of this study was to characterize the clinical and imaging patterns of Percheron artery infarction with the unilateral embryonic PCA for early diagnosis and treatment.MethodsClinical and imaging data of 2 patients with Percheron artery infarction were reviewed retrospectively.ResultsTwo patients presented acute coma and one had paroxysmal blurred before coma.On neurological examinations,one patient had vertical gaze palsy besides two were unconsciousness. MRI showed symmetrical high signal intensity on diffusion weighed imaging (DWI)in bilateral paramedian thalami in two patients and a distinct pattern of V-shaped hyperintensity on DWI andFLAIR was present on the midbrain in one patient. Digital subtraction angiography and magnetic resonance angiography demonstrated unilateral embryonic PCA in two patients.ConclusionsThe classical clinical symptoms,symmetrical high signal in bilateral paramedian thalami and V-shaped sign in midbrain on DWI can improve recognition,evaluation and management of Percheron artery infarction.The unilateral embryonic PCA may be underlying risk factor of Percheron artery infarction.

Based on the wavelet transform, the ways and process of wavelet de-noising are presented in the paper. The detail experimental results show that wavelet de-noising is better than traditional filtering ways, and the soft-threshold denoising is obviously better than the hard- threshold denoising.
Algorithms ; Artifacts ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Humans ; Signal Processing, Computer-Assisted ; Wavelet Analysis

Microvascular decompression is an effective treatment for hemifacial spasm. Hemorrhage is oneof the complications of microvascular decompression. However, delayed hemorrhage is very rare.Here, we report a case of ipsilateral cerebellar hemorrhage at day seven following microvasculardecompression. A 45-year-old woman presented with left HFS for the previous two years. Diagnostictesting demonstrated the presence of neurosyphilis. Brain magnetic resonance image was unremarkableon presentation. She received microvascular decompression and her hemifacial spasm completelyresolved after surgery. At day seven post-operatively, the patient presented with a sudden onsetheadache. Emergency computed tomography scan showed a cerebellar hemorrhage. A suboccipitalcraniotomy was performed and a cerebellar hematoma was evacuated. The delayed hemorrhage wasattributed to possible microaneurysm from syphilis.

Metastatic brain lymphomas, which belong to secondary central nervous system lymphomas, usually originate from primary tumors of the bone marrow, testis, or orbit. Gastrointestinal lymphomas commonly metastasize to the lung or heart. We report here a case of brain hemorrhage due to metastasis from primary gastrointestinal diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). A 30-year-old male presented with headache. He was diagnosed to have gastrointestinal lymphoma 6 months earlier, and treated with gastrointestinal surgery. Pathological diagnosis was DLBCL. A PET-CT scan immediately after gastrointestinal surgery demonstrated no brain metastasis. On admission to the ward, imaging of the brain showed right temporoparietal hematoma. In the ward, the patient deteriorated with impaired consciousness. Repeat brain imaging showed enlargement of the hematoma. He underwent right temporoparietal craniotomy for the removal of a hematoma, and tumor nodules adherent to the cortex was found. Pathology confirmed a metastatic DLBCL in the brain. Literature review showed that this was the first reported case of brain hemorrhage from metastatic lymphoma. Metastatic central nervous system lymphoma should be considered as a differential diagnosis in patients with a history of gastrointestinal lymphoma presenting with neurological symptoms.

A simple, sensitive and reproducible high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method has been validated for determining concentrations of glutamate, glycine, and alanine in human plasma. Proteins in plasma were precipitated with perchloric acid, followed by derivatization with 6-aminoquinolyl-N-hydroxysuccinimidyl carbamate (AQC). Simultaneous analysis of glutamate, glycine, and alanine is achieved using reversed-phase HPLC conditions and ultraviolet detection. Excellent linearity was observed for these three amino acids over their concentration ranges with correlation coefficients (r)>0.999. The intra- and inter-day precision were below 10%. This method utilizes quality control samples and demonstrates excellent plasma recovery and accuracy. The developed method has been successfully applied to measure plasma glutamate, glycine, and alanine in twenty volunteers.
Alanine ; Amino Acids ; Aminoquinolines ; Carbamates ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Chromatography, Liquid ; Glutamic Acid ; Glycine ; Humans ; Perchloric Acid ; Plasma ; Proteins ; Quality Control

In this research, phosphate and thiophosphate prodrugs 3a, 3b of anti-HIV agent AZT were synthesized, and their anti-HIV activities and cytotoxicities were investigated in vitro. Results showed that the prodrugs 3a and 3b with an IC50 value of 11.0 and 4.0 micromol x L(-1), respectively, were less toxic than AZT (1.0 micromol x L(-1)). Although the EC50 values of both 3a (0.04 micromol x (L(-1) and 3b (0.16 micromol x L(-1)) were lower than that of AZT (0.01 micromol x L(-1)), the therapeutic index (IC50/EC50) of prodrug 3a (275) was much higher than that of both AZT (100) and prodrug 3b (25). This indicated that the prodrug 3a merited further investigation as an anti-HIV agent.
Anti-HIV Agents ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; cytology ; Cell Proliferation ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Humans ; Inhibitory Concentration 50 ; Prodrugs ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Zidovudine ; analogs & derivatives ; chemical synthesis ; chemistry ; pharmacology