Objective To investigate the influence of the post stroke depression (PSD) on cognitive function in patients with stroke and their correlation, and to evaluate the diagnosis value of P300 cognitive function in patients with PSD. Methods One hundred and seventeen cases of inpatient with acute stroke in neurology medicine were continuously observed and scored using HAMD rating scale at the onset of 2 weeks. And 53 cases of PSD and 64 cases of non-post-stroke depression (NPSD) were scored using MMSE score and P300 determination respectively,and the results were compared. Results The incidence of PSD was 45.29%(53/117) at the 2 weeks after stroke,including 35 cases (29.91%) of mild depression,11 cases (9.40%) of medium degree depression and 7 cases (5.98%) of major depression. Compared with NPSD group, the P300 latency period of PSD group was significantly prolonged ( < 0.01), and the amplitude significantly reduced ( < 0.01) . The MMSE score difference was statistically significant ( <0.05) in the two groups. Conclusion The PSD is given priority to with mild-to-moderate depression, and the cognitive function damage in patients with PSD is more obvious than that in NPSD group. P300 determination can be used as the evaluation indicator of diagnosis cognitive function in patients with PSD.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Ankle Joint ; surgery ; Bone Nails ; Female ; Fracture Fixation, Internal ; Humans ; Joint Instability ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods

OBJECTIVETo investigate how network education can improve college students' knowledge on sexual and reproductive health in Ningbo city.

METHODSFrom December 2012 to June 2013, we conducted a questionnaire investigation among college students in Ningbo city about the effects of network education on their knowledge about sexual psychology, sexual physiology, sexual ethics, and reproductive health.

RESULTSA total of 7 362 college students accomplished the investigation, of whom 2 483 (42.1% males and 57.9% females) received network education, while the other 4 879 (24.1% males and 75.9% females) did not. Approximately 47.1% of the male and 28.0% of the female students acquired sexual and reproductive knowledge via network education. Reproductive health-related network education significantly enriched the students' knowledge about the reproductive system and sex, pubertal development, sexual physiology, conception and embryonic development, methods of contraception, sexual psychology, sexually transmitted diseases and their prevention, pregnancy care and eugenics, and environment- and occupation-related reproductive health (P < 0.01). It also remarkably improved their cognitive attitude towards reproductive health knowledge (P < 0.01). Those who received reproductive health-related network education showed a significantly higher rate of masturbation (P < 0.01) but markedly later time of the first masturbation (P < 0.01) than those who did not.

CONCLUSIONNetwork education can enhance the effect of reproductive health education among college students and improve their sexual experience and health.

China ; Contraception ; Female ; Health Education ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Male ; Masturbation ; Pregnancy ; Reproduction ; Reproductive Health ; Sexual Behavior ; physiology ; psychology ; Sexually Transmitted Diseases ; Students ; Surveys and Questionnaires ; Universities

Objective To explore the influence of diabetes education carried out jointly by nurse and pharmacist on outpatients with type 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance. Methods A total of 44 patients with 2 diabetes or impaired glucose tolerance were recruited. Telephone following-up or face to face interview were carried out jointly by nurses and pharmacists. The contents of diabetes education contained elementary knowledge, dietetic knowledge, physical activity knowledge, medication knowledge and so on. Results A total of 3 4 patients completed the education plan . The score of aspects of education was significantly improved by 8.89% to 44.17%. Conclusions Diabetes education performed by nurses and pharmacists can significantly improved diabetes related knowledge and the compliance of patients.

Nucleoside phosphorylases (NPases) were found to be induced in Enterobacter aerogenes DGO-04, and cytidine and cytidine 5'-monophosphate (CMP) were the best inducers. Five mmol/L to fifteen mmol/L cytidine or CMP could distinctly increase the activities of purine nucleoside phosphorylase (PNPase), uridine phosphorylase (UPase) and thymidine phosphorylase (TPase) when they were added into medium from 0 to 8 h. In the process of enzymatic synthesis of adenine arabinoside from adenine and uracil arabinoside with wet cells of Enterobacter aerogenes DGO-04 induced by cytidine or CMP, the reaction time could be shortened from 36 to 6 h. After enzymatic reaction the activity of NPase in the cells induced remained higher than that in the cells uninduced.
Cytidine ; pharmacology ; Cytidine Monophosphate ; pharmacology ; Enterobacter aerogenes ; enzymology ; Enzyme Induction ; Pentosyltransferases ; biosynthesis ; Vidarabine ; biosynthesis

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of glypican-3 (GPC3) mRNA in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) tissues and peripheral blood cells (PBCs), and to determine the values of GPC3 mRNA in the diagnosis of HCC and HCC micrometastasis.

METHODSUsing semi-quantitative and nested reverse transcription polymerase chain reactions (RT-PCR), we detected the expressions of AFP and GPC3 genes in the tissues of 41 HCC, 41 paracancer and 52 non-HCC liver samples (41 far from HCC tissues and 11 normal liver tissues), and in the PBCs of 67 specimens from subjects.

RESULTSThe semi-quantitative RT-PCR displayed GPC3 mRNA was expressed in all samples of tissues and PBCs, and the relative intensities of its expressions in HCC, paracancer, non-HCC liver tissues were 78.9 +/- 35.5, 30.6 +/- 21.6, 23.8 +/- 15.5 respectively. The AFP mRNA expression values were 61.2 +/- 32.6, 31.5 +/- 23.6, and 21.2 +/- 15.9 respectively. The expression of each gene in HCC differed significantly from those in other two kinds of tissue samples (P < 0.01). The expressions of GPC3 mRNA and AFP mRNA, accounting for 80.5% and 63.4% in all the HCC tissues, were higher than their respective peak values in the tissues of non-HCC liver (+1.96s), but the expressions of at least one of the two genes was elevated in 92.7% of all the HCC tissues. There was a significant difference between combined detection of two genes and single AFP mRNA detection in HCC tissues (P < 0.01). Clinicopathologically, AFP mRNA was related with the grade of HCC and serum AFP, while GPC3 mRNA was related with not only the grade of HCC but also the invasion of HCC. The relative intensities of GPC3 mRNA expressions in PBCs of 67 specimens was 15.9 +/- 9.0, and GPC3 mRNA expressed in three kinds of tissue samples were all stronger than its counterparts in PBCs (P < 0.01). The GPC3 mRNA expression values in PBCs of the HCC group and the non-HCC group were respectively 16.1 +/- 8.3, 15.6 +/- 10.2, there was no significant difference between the two groups. Of the HCC metastasis group and the HCC non-metastasis group, the respective GPC3 mRNA expression values in PBCs were 16.0 +/- 9.0 and 16.3 +/- 7.7, there was also no significant difference between the two groups. The nested RT-PCR showed that the positive rates of AFP mRNA expressions in PBCs from the HCC group and the non-HCC group were 56.1% and 23.1%, and the difference between the two groups was significant (P = 0.011). The positive rates of AFP mRNA expressions in PBCs from the HCC metastasis group and the HCC non-metastasis group were 80.9% and 30.0%, and there was also a significant difference between the two groups (P = 0.002).

CONCLUSIONSAlthough GPC3 mRNA is expressed broadly, it still may serve as a potential tissue biomarker in the diagnosis of HCC. Detecting the expression of the two genes in the tissues will improve the screening and diagnosis of HCC. GPC3 is prevalently transcribed in the PBCs, but we have not found any relationship between the GPC3 expression in PBCs and the metastasis or recurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma, thus we can not identify HCC micrometastasis with GPC3 mRNA.

Adult ; Aged ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Glypicans ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; metabolism ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics

OBJECTIVEThis paper presents a statistical method of familial correlation on family data from case-control studies.

METHODSMarginal mean models of the probands and the relatives conditional on the proband's disease status, as well as the marginal association model of the relatives were modeled integrately. Conditional odds-ratio and marginal odds-ratio were used to measure the familial correlation.

RESULTSThe parameter's interpretation in the model was in accordance with sample characteristics. This method is more efficient due to making fully use of information of the probands and relatives. In addition, the method has all advantages of GEE2.

CONCLUSIONThe method in this paper efficiently and conveniently analyzes the family data from case-control studies to estimate the familial correlation on disease.

Bias ; Case-Control Studies ; China ; epidemiology ; Data Interpretation, Statistical ; Epidemiologic Methods ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Odds Ratio ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; genetics ; Risk Factors

This study was aimed to analyze the hematologic and molecular biologic characteristics of 14 Wenzhou patients with minor beta-thalassemia, to find out the mutation sites responsible for the disease by detecting sequences of PCR products and to analyze the single nucleotide polymorphism. The peripheral blood of patients was collected intravenously and was anticoagulated with EDTA-K(2); then the templates from blood samples were extracted, the related primers were designed for sequencing the products amplified by PCR; finally mutation sites resulting in beta-thalassemia were found through comparison and analysis of sequences. The results indicated that the C-->T heterozygous mutation occurred at the IVS-2 -654 site in 4 cases; the TTCT deficiency appeared at CD41/42 site in 1 case; in 2 sites existed single nucleotide polymorphisms occurring at the 59th site of exon 1 (T/C, CAT/CAC, His) and IVS-2 nt 665 (T/C). It is concluded that single nucleotide polymorphism of minor beta-thalassemia patients born in Wenzhou had specificity, this study found too kinds of gene mutations which are IVS-2 -654 C-->T heterozygous mutation and CD41/CD42 site-TTCT deficiency.
Base Sequence ; China ; Humans ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; beta-Globins ; genetics ; beta-Thalassemia ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVEIt is imperative to provide some consistent experimental results for the extraction of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae.

METHODSThe key extraction parameters that influenced the yield of flavonid from Fructus Gardeniae were optimized by employing an orthogonal experiment [L(9)(3)(4)], including the ratio of buffer solution (Na(2)B(4)O(7)·10H(2)O) to raw material, concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in extracting solution, extraction time and pH of buffer solution. An UV/Vis detector was used to perform the qualitative and quantitative analyses of the extracted flavonid with the using of the standard sample.

RESULTSThe maximum extraction yield of the crude extract was 5.0533 (mg/g) after 20 min when the mass ratio of Na(2)B(4)O(7)·10H(2)O to raw material was 0.4%, the concentration of Fructus Gardeniae in the extraction solution was 1/12 (g/mL), and pH of buffer solution was 4.5. The positive reactions to the Molish and HCl-Mg tests suggested that the extracted compound was flavonoid, and FTIR measurements also identified the presence of flavonoid in the extracts.

CONCLUSIONThis work is expected to provide a basis for further research, development, and utilization of Fructus gardenia in flavonid extraction.

Antiviral Agents ; isolation & purification ; standards ; China ; Drug Discovery ; methods ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Flavonoids ; isolation & purification ; standards ; Fruit ; chemistry ; Gardenia ; chemistry ; Quality Control ; Spectrophotometry, Ultraviolet ; Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared ; Technology, Pharmaceutical ; methods ; standards

OBJECTIVETo observe the effect of adrenomedullin (ADM) on the pulmonary vascular collagen metabolism in hypoxic rats in order to study the effect of ADM on chronic hypoxic pulmonary vascular structural remodeling and its possible mechanism.

METHODSNineteen male Wistar rats were randomly divided into three groups: normal control (n=6), hypoxia (n=7) and ADM-treated hypoxia (n=6). ADM was subcutaneously administered into rats of the ADM-treated hypoxia group by mini-osmotic pump (300 ng/h) for two weeks. After two weeks of hypoxic challenge, mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP) was evaluated using a right cardiac catheterization procedure. The ratio of right ventricular mass to left ventricular plus septal mass[RV/ (LV+S)] was measured. The changes of pulmonary vascular microstructure were observed. Meanwhile, the expression levels of collagen I, collagen III and transforming growth factor (TGF)-β in pulmonary arteries were detected by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSmPAP and RV/(LV+S) increased significantly in the hypoxia group compared with normal controls (P<0.01). The muscularization of small pulmonary vessels and the relative medial thickness of pulmonary arteries increased obviously in the hypoxia group compared with those in the normal control group (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the expression levels of collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β of pulmonary arteries in the hypoxia group increased markedly compared with those in the normal control group. However, mPAP and RV/(LV+S) were significantly reduced in the ADM-treated hypoxia group compared with those in the hypoxia group (P<0.01). ADM ameliorated pulmonary vascular structural remodeling of hypoxic rats, with a decrease in the expression of collagen I, collagen III and TGF-β of pulmonary arteries.

CONCLUSIONSADM might play a regulatory role in the development of hypoxic pulmonary hypertension and hypoxic pulmonary vascular remodeling, through inhibiting the expression of TGF-β and alleviating the collagen accumulation of pulmonary arteries.

Adrenomedullin ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Collagen ; metabolism ; Hypertension, Pulmonary ; etiology ; metabolism ; Hypoxia ; complications ; Male ; Pulmonary Artery ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Transforming Growth Factor beta ; analysis ; physiology