Objective To study the most appropriate approach of combination use of endoscopy and laparoscopy in the treatment of intra and extra-hepatic bile duct stones.Methods A total of 1 669 patients with intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct stones were treated from October 2000 to December 2005 in this hospital.According to patient's individual conditions,different surgical schemes were employed,including duodenoscopy only,combination of laparoscopy and duodenoscopy(or choledochoscopy),combination of duodenoscopy,laparoscopy,and choledochoscopy,and hand-assisted laparoscopic hepatectomy.The success rate and post-operative results were observed and analyzed.Results The combination use of endoscopy and laparoscopy was successfully carried out in 1 636 patients,the total success rate being 98.0%(1636/1669).There were no serious post-operative complications.Conclusions Combination use of endoscopy and laparoscopy can be employed for various conditions of patients with intra-and extra-hepatic bile duct stones.The technique integrates advantages of both digestive endoscopy and laparoscopy,broadens indications of minimally invasive treatment,and improves the success rate.

China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Neoplasms ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Registries

Objective:To study the differences of ventilation function in patients between chronic right heart failure secondary to pulmonary arterial hypertension and chronic whole heart failure secondary to left heart diseases.
Methods:A total of 102 patients with clinical stable chronic heart failure (CHF) were studied. The patients were divided into 2 groups:Whole heart failure (WHF) group, n=41 and Right heart failure (RHF) group, n=61. The ventilation function test at rest and cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPX) were conducted and compared between 2 groups.
Results: The rest ventilation function was similar between 2 groups. For CPX examination, compared with WHF group, RHF group had the lower peak minute ventilation (VE), higher anaerobic threshold and peak minute ventilation/CO2 production (VE/VCO2), higher peak dead space volume/tidal volume (VD/VT), all P<0.05.
Conclusion:At exercise condition, RHF patients had decreased ventilation function and ventilation index due to severe abnormality of ventilation/perfusion (V/Q).

Objective To explore the temporal and spatial expression pattern of tenascin-c(tnc) and tenascin-w(tnw) in zebrafish early development,to further explore the role of tenacsin in zebrafish embryo development,and the association between them.Methods Zebrafish embryos at 2 hours post fertilization(hpf),4 hpt,8 hpt,10 hpf,24 hpt,48 hpr,72 hpf and 7 days post fertilization(dpf) were collected to extract RNA for reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and fix the embryos at different stages for in situ hybridization.Temporal and spatial expression pattern of tnc and tnw on different stages of zebrafish early development was observed.Results tnc and tnw all expressed in zebrafish from 24 hpf to 7 dpf,but did not expressed from 2 hpf to 10 hpf.Tnc expressed at pharyngeal arch,notochord,somite in 24 hpf,then weakly expressed at somite,but highly expressed at otic vesicle,pectoral fin and hindbrain in 48 hpf,and tnc was expressed at hindbrain,pharyngeal and notochord and disappeared at somite and pectoral.tnw expressed at hindbrain,midbrain and otic vesicle in 24 hpf,expressed at somite,notochord,hindbrain,otic vesicle and pharyngeal in 48 hpf.In 72 hpf,tnw expressed weakly at somite and notochord.Conclusions Zebrafish tnc and tnw have special temporal and spatial expression pattern,and share partial overlapping expression pattern.

Objective To explore the expression pattern of tenascin-c(tnc)gene in zebrafish embryo abnormal development which was induced by ethanol,and to further understand the function of tnc gene in embryo develepment.Methods Zebrafish were treated with ethanol at different concentration from 100 to 500 mmol/L,and embryos at 24 and 48 hours were collected and fixed,then tnc expression pattern was observed by in situ hybridization and reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR).Results The result of RT-PCR showed that ethanol at 100 and 200 mmol/L could increase the expression of tnc,while the result of in situ hybridization showed that,while ethanol at 300 mmol/L and above decrease the expression of tnc in presumptive position at 24 hours,and ethanol at 100 mmol/L and above caused increase expression of tnc in zebrafish heart.Conclusions tnc is increased when treated with 100 and 200 mmol/L ethanol and is presented in the abnormal development of hearts of zebrafish,which can promote the normal development of embryos in some degrees.The expression pattern of tnc in pathologic state is highly conserved in all vertebrate,and in adult and embryos as well.

BACKGROUND: At present, there are investigations on the expression of cytokines and adhesion molecular in ischemia-reperfusion injury at abroad,but they do not involve in the relative studies on endogenous cytokines and adhesion molecular on microvascular endothelial surface following injury.The expression of endogenous interleukin-1(IL-1) is limited only at mRNA level.OBJECTIVE: To prove into the mechanism of the expression of intercellular adhesion molecular 1 and its regulation factor IL-1 in spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury.DESIGN: A randomized grouping design, animal experiment.SETTING: Department of Sports Medicine, College of Physical Education Affiliated to Jilin UniversityMATERIALS: This experiment was carried out at the Central Laboratory,China-Japan Union Hospital, Jilin University between March 2003 and January 2004. Totally 77 healthy male Wistar rats were randomly divided into normal control group (n=7), simple ischemia group (n=14) and ischemia-reperfusion group (n=56). Among the rats in the simple-ischemia group, 7 rats suffered from blood flow block for 30 minutes and 7 rats for 60 minutes; Rats in the ischemia-reperfusion group were assigned into 8 subgroups according to 8 time phases, respectively at reperfusion for 30,60 minutes, 2, 4, 6,9, 12 and 24 hours following spinal ischemia, with 7 rats at each time phase.METHODS: Spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury animal models were created with Zivin method. The expressions of vascular endothelial intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (ICAM-1) mRNA and IL-1β mRNA following spinal ischemia-reperfusion injury were detected with reverse transcriptionpolymerase chain reaction, immunohistochemistry and immunofluorescent confocal laser scanning microscope technique.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The expression of IL-1β mRNA, activity of IL-1 polypeptide, expression of ICAM-1 mRNA and protein and activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO).RFSULTS: Totally 77 animals were enrolled and all of them entered the stage of result analysis. ① The expression of IL-1β mRNA (A value)was significantly higher in the ischemia-reperfusion group than in the simple ischemia group and normal control group, with significant difference (respectively 1.07±0.33,0.60±0.22,0.57±0.12,t=3.751 7,11.852 6,P ＜ 0.01).② Activity of IL-1 polypeptide (A value )was significantly higher in the ischemia-reperfusion group than in the simple ischemia group and normal control group, with significant difference [respectively (33.7±3.2),(23.8±4.5), (23.1±2.1),t=2.798 8,9.962 7,P ＜ 0.01]. ③ ICAM-1 mRNA(A value)was significantly higher in ischemia-reperfusion group than in simple ischemia group and normal control group, with significant difference[respectively 0.94±0.12,0.52±0.11,0.51±0. 10,t=0.327 0,6.127 4, P＜0.01].④The expression of ICAM-1 protein was significantly higher at ischemiareperfusion for 4,6 and 12 hours than in simple ischemia group and normal control group, with significant difference [Respectively (316.90±26.00),(361.40±18.00),(406.00±23.00),(164.21±2.00),(180.00±32.00) μg/L,t=1.410 3,9.119 3 ,P ＜ 0.01]. ⑤ The activity of MPO was significantly higher at ischemia-reperfusion for 12 hours than in simple ischemia group and normal control group, with significant difference [respectively (15.00±2.00),(7.50±1.67),(6.67±1.00) nkat/g, t=3.012 2,P ＜ 0.01].CONCLUSION: Following reperfusion injury, inflammatory reaction in spinal cord is important molecular basis for causing blood spinal barrier impairment, and plays an important role in the process of secondary spinal cord injury.

Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; genetics ; pathology ; Gene Expression Profiling ; Genomics ; Humans ; Liver Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; genetics ; Neoplasm Recurrence, Local ; genetics

Objective:To explore the effect of red blood cell distribution width (RDW) on long-term follow-up study in patients with acute pulmonary thromboembolism (APE).
Methods:A total of 214 consecutive patients with the first episode of APE admitted in our hospital from 2009-01 to 2012-12 were enrolled. The patients were divided into 2 groups:RDW≤15%group, n=202 and RDW>15%group, n=12. Baseline RDW was measured at admission, the follow-up study was conducted at 3, 6, 12 months thereafter, and then at once per year. The major primary end point was chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension (CTEPH). The independent predictor for CTEPH occurrence was studied by uni-and multivariate logistic regression analysis and the predictive capability of RDWwas evaluated by ROC curve.
Results: All patients ifnished the follow-up study at the mean of (31±17) months. The overall occurrence rate of CTEPH was 7.5% (16/214), which was higher in RDW>15% group than that in RDW≤15% group (33.3% vs 5.9%, P=0.002). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that with adjusted clinical data and other predictors, RDW>15%was still the strong predictor for CTEPH occurrence (OR=7.916, 95%CI 1.474-42.500, P=0.016). Adding RDW to the evaluating model, the predictive capability could be signiifcantly improved by ROC curve (AUC increased from 0.856 to 0.901, P<0.01).
Conclusion: Elevated RDW is the independent predictor for CTEPH occurrence in APE patients, which is helpful to estimate the prognosis and treatment strategy in APE patients.

Objective To detect the expression of BRIT1 in cervical cancer tissues and cervical noncancer tissues ,and to analyze the differences between the two tissues .Methods The expression of BRIT1 mRNA and protein in cervical cancer tissues and the paired cervical noncancer tissues was evaluated by RT‐PCR and immmunohistochemistry .Its correlation with the clinicopathological parameters including age ,tumor types ,size ,tumor pathological grade and clinical stage was analyzed .Results RT‐PCR results showed that the BRIT1 mRNA level in cervical cancer tissues was significantly lower than that in the paired cervical noncancer tis‐sues ,the difference was statistically significant (P<0 .05) .The immmunohistochemistry results showed that the BRIT 1 protein ex‐pression level in 44 cases of 63 (69 .8% ) samples wa slower than that in the paired cervical noncancer tissues ,the difference was statistically significant(P<0 .05);In high pathological grades and high clinical stages ,the decrease of BRIT1 protein expression was more significant .Conclusion The difference of the BRIT1 expression between the cervical cancer tissues and cervical noncancer tis‐sues suggests that BRIT1 may play a certain role in the occurrence and development of cervical cancer .

Objective To compare the biological characteristics of several different anxiety rat models established by different methods of stress at different time points and provide experimental basis for the most appropriate modeling methods .Methods 60 rats were randomly divided into normal , empty bottle stress , chronic emotional stress ( CES ) group, restraint stress for 3h, 6h, and modeling respectively .In the experimental 7 d, 14 d, 21 d, elevated plus maze and fear condition system was used to test anxiety-like behavior in rats , open field test to study anxiety or depression-like behavior , forced swimming test was used to detect depression-like behavior in rats , and using the Elisa test kit to detect the contents of 5-HT, DA in the hippocampus in rats .Results Anxiety-like behavioral test results showed that rats in empty bottle stress, CES, 6 h restraint stress group started to have anxiety-like behavior since 14 d, then anxiety-like behavior was becoming increasingly apparent .Forced swimming test results showed that immobility time in 6 h restraint rats was significantly increased in the first 7 d(P <0.05).Meanwhile, compared with control group, hippocampal 5-HT, DA contents in empty bottle stress and CES rats increased significantly since 14 d.Conclusions Among several stress methods established anxiety model , anxiety-like behavior in 3 h restraint stress was not obvious; 6 h restraint stress exhibited a depression-like behavior in the forced swimming test might be due to prolonged stress .Empty bottle stress and CES can successfully establish the anxiety rat model , and the anxiety behavior of the rats have some differences . Corresponding model methods can be selected according to different experimental purposes .