The treatment of bleeding wound of solid visceral and the rescue of uncontrollable bleeding are still confronted with difficulties in surgery and first-aid field. Many researchers devote to study in the field of hemostasis, and the novel porous hemostatic agent is one of the hot spot of research about hemostasis. The review focuses on the hemostatic effect, properties, hemostatic mechanism, shortcoming and future trends of three novel porous hemostatic agents such as polysaccharides, zeolite and wollastonite.
Calcium Compounds ; Hemorrhage ; therapy ; Hemostatic Techniques ; Hemostatics ; administration & dosage ; chemistry ; Humans ; Polysaccharides ; Porosity ; Silicates ; Zeolites

This study was purposed to explore whether the blood transfusion of surgical patients can increase the severity of postoperative infection by a retrospective analysis of patients with postoperative infection in Chinese PLA General Hospital. By using a software "clinical transfusion database" developed by our department, 150 infected surgical cases were retrieved and divided into deep infection group and superficial infection group according to the infected location. These two groups were compared in term of the patient's age, duration of hospitalization, red blood cell transfusion volume, none-red cell transfusion volume, transfusion frequency and average transfusion volume. The results showed that red blood cell transfusion volume or none-red cells transfusion volume of patients with superficial infection was 4.50 (0 - 59) U or 2.95 (0 - 119.6) U, and that of deep infection was 9.00 (0 - 153) U and 8.05 (0 - 136.6) U, the differences was significant (P < 0.05). Between two groups, the transfusion frequency showed the most significant difference, median in the patients with superficial infection was about 2 (1 - 31) times, less than the deep infection group about 4 (1 - 49) times (P < 0.001). There was no significant difference between two groups in the average transfusion volume. It is concluded that perioperative blood transfusion volume and frequency of surgical patients seems to display a positive correlation with the degree of postoperative infection.
Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Humans ; Infection ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Postoperative Complications ; epidemiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Transfusion Reaction

OBJECTIVETo investigate gender-related differences in risk factors, clinical manifestation and outcomes in patients with aortic dissection (AD) from Guangzhou.

METHODSConsecutive patients with AD admitted to our institute over the past 10 years were included in this retrospective analysis. Prevalence of hypertension, smoking, thickness of intraventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall measured by echocardiography, and outcomes were compared between male and female AD patients.

RESULTSThere were more male AD patients than female AD patients (5.33:1) from the 418 patients. Prevalence of hypertension, thickness of intraventricular septum and left ventricular posterior wall were similar in male and female AD patients. Heavy smoking history was 56.5% in males and 13.6% in females (P = 0.000). Acute survival rate in female patients tended to be better than that in male patients.

CONCLUSIONSThere were significantly more male AD patients than female AD patients in this cohort. Prevalence of heave smoking in male patients is 3 times higher than that in female population.

Aneurysm, Dissecting ; etiology ; Female ; Humans ; Hypertension ; epidemiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Sex Factors ; Smoking ; adverse effects

The objective of this study was to investigate the effect of different rehydration conditions on recovery of the lyophilized red blood cells (RBC) so as to optimize the RBC rehydration. The different conditions, including different rehydration solution, the rehydration temperature, volume change rate of the lyophilized RBC rehydrated by the vapor firstly, were studied, the recovery rate and change of physiological and biochemical properties of the rehydrated RBC were detected. The results indicated that the solution of 10% (w/v) PVP40 in PBS showed the best effect, and the RBC recovery rate increased with increasing of rehydration temperature, and the optimal temperature of rehydration was at 37 degrees C. Pre-rehydration in condition of vapor could raise the RBC recovery rate, and promote the MCV and RDW to close to index of the fresh RBC, the deformability of the rehydrated RBC was no serious as compared with RBC preserved in conventional condition, but the activity level of ATP, G-6-PD, SOD, 2, 3-DPG of the rehydrated RBC less decreased. It is concluded that the optimal rehydration conditions for lyophilized RBC are pre-rehydration in the 37 degrees C with vapor firstly, PBS + 10% (w/v) PVP40 rehydration solution and rehydration temperature at 37 degrees C, but the protection of RBC membrane needs to be furtherly studied.
Blood Preservation ; methods ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; Freeze Drying ; methods ; Humans ; Rehydration Solutions ; Temperature

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effects of hydroquinone (HQ) on expression of ubiquitin-ligating enzyme Rad18 in human hepatic cells (L-02), and to explore the role and possible mechanism of Rad18 involved in toxicity of HQ to hepatic cells.

METHODSAfter L-02 hepatic cells were exposed to HQ with various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 80 and 160 micromol/L) for 24 h, cell survival rate was measured by MTT assay; DNA impairment was evaluated by single cell gel electrophoresis (SCGE); The expression levels of Rad18 mRNA and protein were detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative polymerase chain reaction (QPCR) technique and Western blot method respectively.

RESULTSHQ with concentration from 0 to 80 micromol/L had little effect on survival rate of L-02 (P > 0.05); Whereas the survival rate in the group of 160 micromol/L was significantly lower than in the control with the significant difference (P < 0.01) after treated with HQ for 24 h; The higher dose of HQ presented, the more degrees of olive tail moment (OTM) were produced and a dose-dependent relationship was shown. HQ in a low concentration (0 to approximately 40 micromol/L) could induce increase in the expression of Rad18 mRNA and protein which was in proportion to the increment of HQ concentration; the expression of Rad18 mRNA was enhanced increasingly, while the expression of Rad18 protein unchanged basically once the concentration of HQ exceeded 40 micromol/L; Besides, there was a positive correlation between OTM and the expression level of Rad18 mRNA (r = 0.919, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONHQ could regulate up the expression of Rad18 in L-02 hepatic cells.

Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; DNA Damage ; drug effects ; DNA-Binding Proteins ; metabolism ; Hepatocytes ; drug effects ; enzymology ; Humans ; Hydroquinones ; toxicity ; Ubiquitin-Protein Ligases

BACKGROUND: Noninvasive monitoring of intra-abdominal pressure (IAP) by measuring abdominal wall tension (AWT) was effective and feasible in previous postmortem and animal studies. This study aimed to investigate the feasibility of the AWT method for noninvasively monitoring IAP in the intensive care unit (ICU). METHODS: In this prospective study, we observed patients with detained urethral catheters in the ICU of Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital between April 2011 and March 2013. The correlation between AWT and urinary bladder pressure (UBP) was analyzed by linear regression analysis. The effects of respiratory and body position on AWT were evaluated using the paired samples t test, whereas the effects of gender and body mass index (BMI) on baseline AWT (IAP<12 mmHg) were assessed using one-way analysis of variance. RESULTS: A total of 51 patients were studied. A significant linear correlation was observed between AWT and UBP (R=0.986, P<0.01); the regression equation was Y=–1.369+9.57X (P<0.01). There were significant differences among the different respiratory phases and body positions (P<0.01). However, gender and BMI had no significant effects on baseline AWT (P=0.457 and 0.313, respectively). CONCLUSIONS: There was a significant linear correlation between AWT and UBP and respiratory phase, whereas body position had significant effects on AWT but gender and BMI did not. Therefore, AWT could serve as a simple, rapid, accurate, and important method to monitor IAP in critical y il patients.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the seroprevalence of anti-HAV IgG in adults of 4 cities in China.

METHODSSerum samples were collected from 2390 local residents aged between 20 to 88 years from Beijing, Shanghai, Wuhan and Guangzhou. The anti-HAV IgG in sera was detected with a microparticle enzyme immunoassay (MEIA).

RESULTSThe anti-HAV IgG seroprevalence in female of 30 to 39 years in Beijing (64.58%, 62/96) was higher than that in male (45.57% 36/79)) (x(2) = 6.358, P = 0.012). It increased with age in adults of Beijing and Guangzhou. The rates were 54.22 % (90/166), 56.00% (98/175) and 67.18% (88/131) for the 20-, 30- and 40-49 age groups in Beijing (x(2) = 4.76, P = 0.03); and 52.83% (56/106), 52.50% (63/120), 82.46% (94/114), 89.80% (88/98) and 96.77% (60/62) for the 20-, 30-, 40-, 50- and 60-88 age groups in Guangzhou, respectively (x(2) = 72.58, P less than 0.01). This trend was not found in Shanghai and Wuhan (x2 = 0.96, 2.99; P = 0.33, 0.08 respectively). The seroprevalence rates of anti-HAV IgG in the 20 to 39 age group of Beijing, Shanghai, Guangzhou and Wuhan were 55.13% (188/341), 63.93% (429/671), 52.65% (119/226) and 78.37% (308/393), respectively.

CONCLUSIONThe seroprevalence rates of anti-HAV IgG in young adults aged 20 to 39 years of the four cities are relatively low, and HAV vaccination should be suggested for the susceptible population of this age group in China.

Adult ; Age Distribution ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Antibodies ; blood ; Hepatitis A Virus, Human ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin G ; blood ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Seroepidemiologic Studies ; Sex Distribution ; Urban Population ; Young Adult

This study was purposed to prepare eukaryotic expression vector of recombinant human platelet CD36 gene. The total RNA was extracted from human liver tissue and the cDNA encoding human platelet CD36 antigen extracellular region (Gly30-Asn439) was amplified by RT-PCR. The cDNA was cloned into the prokaryotic expression vector pMD18 and the recombinant vector was transformed into E. coli DH5α. The positive recombinant pMD18-CD36 plasmid was screened. After sequencing, this combinant vector was inserted into the transient eukaryotic expression vector pTE2, the pTE2-s-CD36-10 His transient eukaryotic expression vector was constructed. The recombinant CD36 Gly30-Asn439 expressed by HEK-293 cells was purified with Ni(2+) 2NTA chromatography. The results showed that 1.4 kb cDNA was amplified by RT-PCR, sequencing of the cDNA indicated the sequence was exactly the same to that in Genbank NM_001001547.2. The HEK293 cells with the plasmid were transfected, and SDS-PAGE confirmed that the transfect HEK293 cells expressed the human CD36 antigen extracellular protein fragments. Western-blot showed that the monoclonal antibody could recognize the recombinant CD36 with the sensitivity of 8 ng. It is concluded that the CD36 Gly30-Asn439 can be highly expressed by human embryonic kidney cells (HEK293), and the monoclonal antibody with biological activity has been obtained, which provide the basis for further study on platelet transfusion refractoriness.
Animals ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Blood Platelets ; immunology ; Blotting, Western ; CD36 Antigens ; genetics ; immunology ; DNA, Complementary ; Genetic Vectors ; Humans ; Mice ; Plasmids ; Platelet Transfusion ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction

BACKGROUNDAlthough thalamotomy could dramatically improve both parkinsonian resting tremor and essential tremor (ET), the mechanisms are obviously different. This study aimed to investigate the neuronal activities in the ventrolateral thalamus of Parkinson's disease (PD) and ET.

METHODSThirty-six patients (PD: 20, ET: 16) were studied. Microelectrode recordings in the ventral oral posterior (Vop) and the ventral intermediate nucleus (Vim) of thalamus was performed on these patients who underwent thalamotomy. Electromyography (EMG) was recorded simultaneously on the contralateral limbs to surgery. Single unit analysis and the interspike intervals (ISIs) were measured for each neuronal type. ISI histogram and auto-correlograms were constructed to estimate the pattern of neuronal firing. Mann-Whitney test and Kruskal-Wallis (K-W) test were used to compare the mean spontaneous firing rate (MSFR) of neurons of PD and ET patients.

RESULTSThree hundred and twenty-three neurons were obtained from 20 PD trajectories, including 151 (46.7%) tremor related neuronal activity, 74 neurons (22.9%) with tonic firing, and 98 (30.4%) neurons with irregular discharge. One hundred and eighty-seven neurons were identified from 16 ET trajectories including 46 (24.6%) tremor-related neuronal activity, 77 (41.2%) neurons with tonic firing, and 64 neurons (34.2%) with irregular discharge. The analysis of MSFR of neurons with tonic firing was 26.7 (3.4 - 68.3) Hz (n = 74) and that of neurons with irregular discharge (n = 98) was 13.9 (3.0 - 58.1) Hz in PD; whereas MSFR of neurons with tonic firing (n = 77) was 48.8 (19.0 - 135.5) Hz and that of neurons with irregular discharge (n = 64) was 26.3 (8.7 - 84.7) Hz in ET. There were significant differences in the MSFR of two types of neuron for PD and ET (K-W test, both P < 0.05). Significant differences in the MSFR of neuron were also obtained from Vop and Vim of PD and ET (16.3 Hz vs. 34.8 Hz, 28.0 Hz vs. 49.9 Hz) (K-W test, both P < 0.05), respectively.

CONCLUSIONIn consistent with recent findings, the decreased MSFR of neurons observed in the Vop is likely to be involved in PD whereas the increased MSFR of neurons seen in the Vim may be a cause of ET.

Essential Tremor ; physiopathology ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neurons ; physiology ; Parkinson Disease ; physiopathology ; Retrospective Studies ; Ventral Thalamic Nuclei ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the genotypes and clinical features of children with HbH disease in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.

METHODSA total of 595 children from Guangxi were recruited. Single-tube multiplex polymerase chain reaction combined with agarose gel electrophoresis, as well as reverse dot blotting, were performed to detect the three α-globin gene deletion mutations (--(SEA), -α(3.7), and -α(4.2)) and three non-deletion mutations (Hb Westmead, Hb Constant Spring, and Hb Quong Sze) which are common in the Chinese population.

RESULTSAmong the 595 cases, five common genotypes were identified, which were --(SEA)/-α(3.7) (232 cases), --(SEA)/α(CS)α (174 cases), --(SEA)/-α(4.2) (122 cases), --(SEA)/α(WS)α (35 cases), and --(SEA)/α(QS)α (24 cases). The genotype of THAI deletion associated with α-thalassemia-2 was detected in eight cases. Six β-mutations including CD41-42, CD17-28, CD26, IVS-II-654, IVS-I-1, and CD27-28 were identified in 23 cases. All children with HbH disease had microcytic hypochromic anemia; children with HbH-CS disease had the most severe anemia, and those with HbH-WS disease had the mildest anemia.

CONCLUSIONSDeletional HbH disease is the main type in children with HbH disease in Guangxi, and some patients also have mild beta-thalassemia. Non-deletional HbH disease shows more severe phenotype than deletional HbH disease.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Genotype ; Hemoglobin H ; genetics ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction ; alpha-Thalassemia ; genetics