The long noncoding RNAs refers to RNA transcripts more than 200 nucleotides in length,and do not encode proteins.In the end of the 20th century,the lncRNAs were found to play crucial role in many important biological processes,including embryonic development,cell differentiation,species evolution,metabolism,and disease occurrence by the scientific community.Currently,multiple studies have indicated that long noncoding RNAs have participated in rheumatic diseases,immune response,immune cell differentiation,and dynamic balance of the immune system.Therefore,summary of the roles of lncRNAs in rheumatic diseases could be beneficial to understand the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.This review article attempts to highlight the recent progresses regarding IncRNAs studies and the relationship between long noncoding RNA and rheumatic diseases by taking systemic lupus erythematosus,rheumatoid arthritis,arthritis and other typical diseases as examples.

Objective To summarize the experience in diagnosis and treatment of rectal injury. Methods The diagnosis and treatment of 40 cases of rectal injury in the recent 6 years were retrospectively analysed. The diagnosis of rectal injury relied on injury history, clinical presentation,anorectal examination , sigmoid coloscopy ,and explorare laparotomy.38 cases treated by surgery ,including rectal repear ,sigmoid colostomy plus drainge ,and resection of injuried segment of rectum.1case treated by non-operation. 1 case died 2h after admittion. Results 39 cases recovered and 1 case died.Conclusions The condition of rectal injury is very complicate.Due attention should be paid to the diagnosis and treatment.

Procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids( PPH) is one of the important techniques developed for the treatment of hemorrhoids with severe degree in the last decade. Its principle is based on the "anal cushion" theory.Compared with traditional hemorrhoidectomy , PPH has advantages of shorter operation time , minor degree of postoperative pain , shorter hospital stay and quicker recovery.However, the occurrence of relapse and re-prolapse of hemorrhoids is high. Besides, the short-term efficacy of PPH for the constipation outlet obstruction caused by anterior rectocele is also favorable.
Anal Canal ; Hemorrhoids ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Operative Time ; Pain, Postoperative ; Prolapse ; Surgical Stapling

Depression is a common emotional disorder that seriously affects people's life and health all over the world. The pathogenesis of depression is complex, and traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for antidepressants has a good therapeutic effect because of its multi-component, multi-pathway, and multi-target action mode. At present, the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM has not been fully clarified, but it is clear that depression is closely related to metabolic health. Therefore, in order to further explore the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM, this paper proposes research strategies on the anti-depressive mechanism of TCM based on functional metabolomics from the perspective of metabolism, the potential biomarkers of depression are analyzed with the help of multi-omics combined analysis technology, and the functional molecules of TCM for antidepressant are studied. Molecular biology techniques are used to accurately capture the molecular interactions between biomarkers of depression and functional compounds, which identify effective drug targets and further elucidate the biochemical functions and related mechanisms involved in depression metabolic disorders. This paper systematically reviews the research strategies and applications of functional metabolomics in the anti-depressive mechanisms of TCM, expounds on the core value of functional metabolomics, and summarizes the current research status and hot issues of TCM for antidepressants in recent years, providing new methods and new ideas for the study of mechanisms of TCM with the help of functional metabolomics.

To compare the pharmacokinetics of syringin, eleutheroside E and isofraxidin after intravenous administration of each monomer and Ciwujia injection. Twenty-four Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into four groups and intravenously administrated with syringin, eleutheroside E, isofraxidin, and Ciwujia injection, respectively. The concentrations of the three components in rat plasma were determined by LC-MS/MS. DAS 2.0 software was applied to calculate the pharmacokinetic parameters while the SPSS 17.0 software was used for statistical analysis. Significant difference (P < 0.05) was found between each monomer and the injection on the main pharmacokinetic parameters such as AUC, CL and t1,/2. Compared with the injection, the group treated with the syringin has obvious decrease in AUC, and increase in CL while the group treated with eleutheroside E has obvious increase in AUC, and decrease in CL The t1/2 of isofraxidin was prolonged in Ciwujia injection. Pharmacokinetic characters of the ingredients in the injection varied greatly from the monomer. Other constituents in the injection may have an impact on the pharmacokinetic profiles of these three components.
Administration, Intravenous ; Animals ; Coumarins ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Glucosides ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Lignans ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Phenylpropionates ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

To establish a method for the determination of cucurbitacin in plasma samples, in order to study the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats. Rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin. With diphenhydramine as the internal standard (IS), the plasma concentrations of cucurbitacin in rat plasma at different time points were determined by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). With electrospray ionization source, the positive ion detection in the multiple reaction monitoring mode was conducted to determine the ion-pairs for target compound and IS were m/z 503.2/113.1 and m/z 256.0/167.2, respectively. Agilent ZOBAX SB-C18 column (2.1 mm x 50 mm, 1.8 microm) was adopted and eluted with methanol and 0.1% formic acid (55:45), and the flow rate was 0.2 mL x min(-1). DAS 2.0 software was applied to fit the blood concentration and calculate corresponding pharmacokinetic parameters. The rats were intravenously injected with cucurbitacin at the concentration of 3.0 mg x kg(-1). The target blood quality concentration show good linear relations within the range of 10.5-3 150 microg x L(-1) (R2 = 0.996), the lower limit of the standard curve was 10.5 microg x L(-1), and the signal to noise ratio S/N = 12. Intra- and inter-day precisions RSD was less than 6.9% and 14%, respectively; The accuracy RE ranged between 0.20% and 3.7%; The extraction recoveries ranged between 92.7% and 97.1%. Regarding the pharmacokinetic parameters of tail intravenous injection of cucurbitacin, AUC (0-t) was (811.615 +/- 111.578) microg x h x L(-1), (t1/2) was (1.285 +/- 1.390) h, CL was (3.627 +/- 0.487) L x h x kg(-1), and V(d) was (6.721 +/- 7.429) L x kg(-1). In this study, researchers established a simple, accurate, sensitive and highly specific method for determining the blood concentration of cucurbitacin, and reported the in vivo pharmacokinetic characteristics of cucurbitacin in rats for the first time.
Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Cucurbitaceae ; chemistry ; Cucurbitacins ; administration & dosage ; blood ; pharmacokinetics ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; administration & dosage ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

Objective To investigate neuroprotective effect of AM-36 on secondary brain injury following traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats.Methods A total of 38 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an experimental group,a control group and a sham operation group,then sustained to moder- ate TBI.AM-36(0.1 ml/100 g)was administered intraperitoneally in the experimental group and isoton- ic saline solution was administered intraperitoneally in the control and the sham operation groups at 30 mi- nutes,24 and 48 hours after TBI,respectively.The brain water content was determined at 24 hours after TBI.Rats were sacrificed by decapitation at 24 hours or one week after TBI for observing histological changes in peripheral cortex,thalamus and hippocampus by means of Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Fluoro-Jade(F-J)staining.Results The brain water content of bilateral hemispheres 24 hours after TBI in the experimental group was significantly decreased,compared to that of the control group.Histo- logical examination revealed less degenerating neurons(F-J positive neurons)in the cortex,thalamus, CAI and CA3 of the hippocampus in AM-36 treated rats 24 hours and one week after injury(P＜0.05). Conclusion Systemic administration of AM-36 at the early stage after TBI can decrease brain water content and exert neuroprotective effect on TBI.F-J staining can be used for histopathologic quantitation of neuronal damage,for it can accurately exhibit pathologic changes following TBI induced by fluid per- cussion.

Objective To explore the relationship of serum ferritin with insluin resistance(IR)and inci-dence of fatty liver in adults with simple obesity.Methods According to body mass index (BMI),78 adults with simple obesity were divided into three groups,including 34 cases in Ⅰ degree obesity group,30 cases in Ⅱ degree obesity group and 14 cases in Ⅲ degree obesity group,and 35 adults with simple overweight and 67 healthy adults were also enrolled as control group.The height,weight,waistline,hip circumference,incidence of fatty liver,fasting blood glucose (FBG),fasting insulin (FIN),blood lipids and ferritin(SF)level were tested,and the body mass index (BMI),WHR and IR index (HOMA -IR)were calculated.Results When BMI increased,levels of SF,HOMA -IR, FBG,FIN,triglyceride (TG),cholesterol (TC),low density lipoprotein -cholesterol (LDL -C)were gradually increased(F =378.92,12.01,55.50,123.96,90.09,127.65,23.81,all P <0.01).However,high density lipopro-tein -cholesterol (HDL -C)was gradually degraded(F =114.56,P <0.01).The incidence of fatty liver had signifi-cant differences in Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ degree obesity groups((t =24.872,7.885,all P <0.01),and with the degree of obesity increased,the rate of fatty liver increased significantly.SF range interquartile and level in fatty liver group was signifi-cantly greater than the non fatty liver group,the difference was statistically significant (t =22.99,P <0.01).SF was positively correlated with BMI,WRH,FBG,FIN,HOMA -IR,TC,TG,LDL -C (r =0.863,0.719,0.789,0.703, 0.617,0.785,0.717,0.771,all P <0.01),and negatively correlated with HDL -C(r =-0.530,P <0.01).Multi-ple stepwise regression analysis indicated that BMI,FIN,LDL -C,HOMA -IR were independent risk factors affecting SF(t =4.646,2.595,-5.073,6.666,all P <0.01).SF,BMI,FBG,FIN,LDL -C were independent risk factors influencing HOMA -IR(t =6.535,3.254,18.827,61.227,2.154,all P <0.05).Conclusion Simple obesity adults had obvious blood lipid disorders and IR,easy to complicated with fatty liver,the incidence of fatty liver associ-ated with severity of obesity,the overexpression of SF is closely related to it.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis and management of tracheomalacia complicating large goiter. Methods Clinical data of 36 patients with large goiter complicated by tracheomalacia at Xijing Hospital between 1992 and 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Preoperative Valsalva-Mueller test were performed in all patients before undergoing subtotal thyroidectomy with tracheal suspension, and two patients were treated by subtotal thyroidectomy with tracheal suspension and tracheostomy. Results Valsalva-Mueller test was positive in all patients. The compressed tracheal cartilage disappeared in 2 cases, became thin and soft in other 34 cases. Thirty-four patients who underwent subtotal thyroidectomy with tracheal suspension recovered and 2 patients were resued by tracheal suspension with tracheostomy. There was no mortality. Postoperative 34 cases were followed-up from 6 months to 13 years. Thirty-two cases had no postoperative respiratory obstruction, 2 patients died of unrelated diseases. Conclusions The diagnosis of tracheomalacia from large goiter is based on Valsalva-Mueller test and operative detection. Subtotal thyroidectomy with tracheal suspension is the treatment of choice for tracheomalacia complicating large goiter.

Objective To discuss the diagnosis, selection of type of operation, and prevention and treatment of perioperative complications of abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA). Methods The clinical data of 96 (patients) who underwent open surgical treatment of AAA, at Xijing Hospital between January, 1990 and June, 2004 were retrospectively reviewed. Among those, 82 patients with infrarenal AAA underwent aneurysmectomy and graft repair. 12 cases were treated by aneurysmal wrapping with Dacron. In 2 patients with suprarenal false AAA, lateral aneurysmectomy and repair was performed. Results The distance between renal artery and the neck of the aneurysm was determined by arteriography, MRA or EBT. Ninty-three patients were cured, and three cases died, with an operative mortality of 3.1%(3/96). The operative mortality was 50.0%(2/4) in 4 cases who had urgent operation because of ruptured AAA, while the operative mortality rate of the cases undergoing elective surgical repair was 1.1%(1/92, P