ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of clinical pathway teaching methord in nursing practice teaching. Methods80 junior college nursing students were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Traditional clinical teaching method was given to control group, while the clinical pathway teaching method was given to observation group. Scores of comprehensive quality after departmental rotation and satisfaction rates of nursing students to teaching method in these two groups were evaluated. ResultsThe experimental group was significantly better than the control group ( P＜0.05 ), and the difference was statistically significant. ConclusionThe clinical pathway can significantly improve the quality of nursing practice teaching.

Background The treatment timing and method of amblyopia rely on the plasticity of visual system.Synapsin is a family of presynaptic terminal specific protein.Its role in visual developmental plasticity is below understood.Objective To investigate the dynamic expressions of synapsin (T-synapsin),and phosphorylation of synapsin (p-synapsin Ⅰ a/b) in visual cortex of normal mice and further explore the role of synapsin in plasticity of visual system.Methods Forty-two clean neonatal C57BL/6 mice were collected.The mice were sacrificed at postnatal 7,14,21,28,35,42,60 days respectively to obtain the tissue samples of visual cortex.Expression levels of T-synapsin and p-synapsin in the visual cortex following the ageing were quantitatively detected using Western blot assay.Results The expression of synapsin in normal mice showed a dynamic increase with the ageing.The T-synapsin Ⅰ a/b/β-actin value in visual cortex was (21.32 ± 3.27) ％,(56.27 ± 10.18) ％,(77.05 ± 10.05) ％,(83.75±10.52) ％,(94.69±11.46)％,(98.75±5.86) ％ of adults mice (postnatal 60 days,P60) in the mice of postnatal 7,14,21,28,35,42 days,respectively,showing a significant difference among them (F =69.538,P ＜ 0.001).Compared with the adult mice,the T-synapsin Ⅰ a/b/β-actin value in the mice of P7,P14,P21,P28 was significantly lower (all at P＜0.05),but no significant difference was found between P35 and P60,P42 and P60 (P =0.280,0.798).The development trend of different synapsin subtypes,such as T-synapsin Ⅰ a/b,T-synapsin Ⅱ a,T-synapsin Ⅱ b and T-synapsin Ⅲ a,was not quite the same during the ageing.The expression of T-synapsin Ⅱ a and Ⅲ a increasing more slowly with development,and kept increasing until P60.Significant differences were found among various age of mice in T-synapsin Ⅱ a,Ⅱ b,Ⅲa respectively(F =42.492 55.595,39.172,all at P＜0.001).The p-synapsin Ⅰ a/b level in the visual cortex elevated with the ageing of the mice,and that peaked in P21 mice,which was (2.86±0.17) times more than that in adult mice.After that,the expression level of p-synapsin Ⅰ a/b dropped rapidly.A significant difference was found in the p-synapsin Ⅰ a/b expression among different ages of mice (F =22.620,P ＜ 0.001).Conclusions Synapsin level in visual cortex presents a developmental change which correlated with the onset and decline of the critical period.Synapsin is probably involved in the regulation of neural plasticity in visual cortex in critical period.

Objective To investigate the relationship between diabetes and bone metabolism and the potential epigenetic mechanisms. Methods BMSCs were cultured for 7 and 15 days in cell culture medium with different concentrations of glucose. The mRNA and protein expression of HDACs and osteogenesis-related genes were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot assay ,respectively. Moreover ,the combination of HDAC to the promoter region of Runx2 was tested by the chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assay. Results ThemRNA expression of osteogenesis-related genes ,incuding OCN(P < 0.05)and Col1(P < 0.05),in the bone marrow of diabetic mice was significantly reduced compared with the control mice. The mRNA and protein expression of ALP ,OCN ,Runx2 and OSX was gradually reduced with the increasing concentration of glucose ,while HDAC2 mRNA and protein expression was increased. The binding activity of HDAC2 to the upstream and downstream of Runx2 promoter region in 25mM glucose-treated BMSCs was higher than the control group(P < 0.05). Conclusoins Diabetes might repress osteogenesis of BMSCs via inhibiting the activity of Runx2 through upregu-lating the expression of HDAC2.

Objective To report the clinical effect of primary percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI)in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI).Methods A retrospective study was accomplished on the clinical data of 13 AMI patients who underwent PCI from March 2004 to April 2006.Results The infarct-related artery (IRA)was successfully recanalized by primary PCI for 12 AMI patients,without major complications occurred in these cases during hospitalization.Conclusion Primary PCI should be firstly chosen for treatment of AMI in the hospitals which could carry out PCI.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the clinical effect of Tongdu Tiaoshen needling in the treatment of chronic insomnia and its mechanism based on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis. METHODS: A total of 60 patients with chronic insomnia were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, with 30 patients in each group. In addition to the health education on sleep, the patients in the treatment group were given Tongdu Tiaoshen needling, i．e., electroacupuncture at Baihui (GV20), Shenting (GV24), Yintang (EX-HN3), bilateral Shenmen (HT7), and bilateral Sanyinjiao (SP6), and those in the control group were given superficial acupuncture at Shousanli (LI10), Futu (ST32), and Feiyang (BL58) at both sides, once every other day and three times a week for 4 consecutive weeks. Before and after treatment, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) was used to assess the quality and efficiency of sleep, and ELISA was used to measure the serum levels of corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), and corticosterone (CORT). RESULTS: After treatment, the treatment group had significant reductions in the total PSQI score and the score of each component of PSQI (P<0.01), and the control group had significant reductions in the total PSQI score (P<0.01) and the scores of all components except sleep duration (P<0.05); compared with the control group, the treatment group had significantly lower total PSQI score and the score of each component (P<0.01). After treatment, the treatment group had significant reductions in the serum levels of CRH, ACTH and CORT (P<0.05，P <0.01), and compared with the control group, the treatment group had significant reductions in the serum levels of CRH, ACTH and CORT (P<0.01，P<0.05). CONCLUSION: Tongdu Tiaoshen needling has a good clinical effect in the treatment of chronic insomnia and can significantly improve the sleep condition of patients with chronic insomnia, possibly by reducing the hormones associated with the HPA axis.

OBJECTIVERecent studies have found that the variation of G894T on the region of T786C and 7th exon promoted by endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) gene is associated with cardiovascular disease. This research explored possible correlations between eNOS gene polymorphisms and orthostatic intolerance (OI) in children through linkage disequilibrium analysis between eNOS genes T786C and G894T and OI.

METHODSPCR, Macrorestriction Map and other molecular biotechnology were used to determine the genotypes of eNOS/T786C and G894T in 60 OI probands and their parents. Correlation analysis and transmission disequilibrium test (TDT) between T786C, G894T and OI were performed.

RESULTSThere was linkage disequilibrium of eNOS/T786C and G894T gene polymorphisms in the occurrence of childhood OI (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONSeNOS genes T786C and G894T may be associated with the pathogenesis of OI.

Adult ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Linkage Disequilibrium ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; genetics ; Orthostatic Intolerance ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic

The major antigen region of E2 gene of Hog Cholera Prevalent Strain (Guangxi Yuling Strain) and Chinese Hog Cholera Lapinised Virus (C-strain) derived from hog and rabbit spleen tissue, was amplified by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) and the nested Polymerase Chain Reaction (nPCR). After the amplified fragments were cloned into the expression vector pPROEX-HTb, the recombinant plasmids pPROEX-GXYL and pPROEX-C were obtained. The insert position, the size and the reading frame were right by PCR, restriction digestion and the sequence analysis. SDS-PAGE indicated that both of the reciepient germs transducted and induced by the recombinant plasmids pPROEX-GXYL and pPROEX-C could express the major antigen region of E2 gene. Western-blot indicated that the expressed antigen protein could be recognized by the positive serum of CSFV.
Blotting, Western ; Cloning, Molecular ; Escherichia coli ; genetics ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Recombinant Proteins ; biosynthesis ; Viral Envelope Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology

Acute Disease ; Anemia, Hemolytic ; diagnosis ; etiology ; Coombs Test ; Hepatitis E ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective: To observe the features of air-conducted sound elicited ocular vestibular-evoked myogenic potential(ACS-oVEMP) and cervical vestibular-evoked myogenic potential(ACS-cVEMP) in patients with Meniere disease (MD). To analyze the relationship between air-conducted sound elicited vestibular-evoked myogenic potentials (ACS-VEMP) responses and clinical stages of disease, as well as its clinical application of cervical and ocular vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in MD. Method: Fifty six patients with MD and 50 normal subjects (100 ears) were recruited for conventional cVEMP and oVEMP examinations. Grades of vestibular function were also collected for patients with MD. The relationship between VEMPs abnormity, grades of vestibular function and clinical stages of MD were analyzed. Results: The abnormal rates of cVEMP and oVEMP in MD patients were 57.1% (32/56) and 64.3% (36/56), which were significantly higher than those in normal subjects respectively (χ²=22.286, P=0.000; χ²=15.217, P=0.000). The abnormal rates of cVEMP and oVEMP in MD patients of stage Ⅰ to stage Ⅳ were 20.0% (1/5) and 40.0% (2/5), 50.0% (9/18) and 50.0% (9/18), 59.3% (16/27) and 70.4% (19/27), and 100.0% (6/6) and 100.0% (6/6) respectively. There was a significant difference in cVEMP abnormity between four stages of MD patients (P=0.046). Significant correlation was found between clinical stages and the grades of vestibular dysfunction (r_s=0.417, P=0.001). Conclusions Dysfunction of vestibular otolithic organs and their input pathways in patients with MD can be detected by cVEMP and oVEMP tests. The abnormal rates of VEMP could show an gradually increasing trend with the development of MD stages. And the extent of vestibular lesions could be detected by cVEMP and oVEMP tests, which may provide a reference for clinical staging of MD.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of infant formula containing palm oil on the nutrient absorption and defecation in infants.

METHODSA search in Cochrane Library, PubMed, OVID, Springer, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Vip Chinese Periodical Database, Wanfang Chinese Periodical Database and Chinese Bio-medicine Database was performed to identify relevant English and Chinese language articles between January 1990 and March 2009. Two reviewers independently performed data extraction and appraised using Jadad instrument. Double data were input and analyzed by software of Review Manager 4.2 recommended by Cochrane Collaboration. Intestinal nutrient absorption, electrolyte content of fecal excretion, in vivo calcium deposition, and defecation were included as the target outcomes. These outcomes were evaluated as the combined standardized mean difference (SMD) and relative risk (RR) value and 95% CI of them.

RESULTSThirteen articles were included. Three articles meeting inclusion criteria were analyzed for the effects between infant formula containing palmitic acid at the Sn-2 positions and palmitic acid at the Sn-1, 3 positions; five articles were analyzed for the effects between infant formula containing palmitic acid at the Sn-1, 3 and without palmitic acid; another five articles were analyzed for the effects between infant formula containing palmitic acid at the Sn-2 positions and without palmitic acid. Absorption of fat and calcium was higher, the Ca(2+) of fecal excretion was lower when the infant formula provided palmitic acid at the Sn-2 positions or without palmitic acid than that determined when formula containing palmitic acid at the Sn-1 and Sn-3 positions was given (P < 0.01). The bone mineral content (BMC) and bone mineral density (BMD) increased at 3, 6 months when the infant formula without palmitic acid as compared with using the formula containing palmitic acid at the Sn-1 and Sn-3 positions (P < 0.01). The formation of calcium soaps in stool was reduced, the BMC increased when the infant formula provided palmitic acid at the Sn-2 positions as compared with using the infant formula without palmitic acid (P < 0.01). The incidence of soft stools was higher, and the incidence of hard stools was lower when the infant formula provided palmitic acid at the Sn-2 positions or without palmitic acid than that when formula containing palmitic acid at the Sn-1 and Sn-3 positions was used (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAbsorption of fat and calcium was lower, the Ca(2+) of fecal excretion was higher, the BMC was reduced, the incidence of hard stools increased when the infant formula provided the palmitic acid at the Sn-1 and Sn-3 positions as compared with using formula contained palmitic acid at the Sn-2 positions or without palmitic acid. However, this conclusion should be used cautiously because of the limited quality of studies included into the analysis.

Defecation ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant Formula ; chemistry ; Infant Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Intestinal Absorption ; Palm Oil ; Palmitic Acid ; Plant Oils