Medical ethics has its own characteristics on curriculum setup,teaching goals,the structure of teaching staff in America,France and China,It is beneficial for our feform in education in medical ethics to learn and refer to the experiencs of the success abroad.

Animals ; Cerebral Cortex ; cytology ; physiology ; Delayed Rectifier Potassium Channels ; physiology ; Neurons ; physiology ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

The rational design of teaching contents of physical pharmacy plays an important role in the class teaching.Some practices of designing teaching contents are expounded in detail,including the combination with teaching cases,the integration of the teaching contents,the combination with the research results of the physical pharmacy,and the combination with the pharmaceutical experiments of traditional Chinese medicine.The innovation of this research is the combination of theory and practice and the infiltration between teaching and scientific research.It also puts forward some measures such as continually accumulating and improving the related material,and constructing a rich,shared source material storehouse,etc..

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; methods ; Coronary Artery Bypass ; methods ; Coronary Vessels ; surgery ; Humans

Objective To investigate the efficacy of pulse index continuous cardiac output (PICCO) monitoring in maintaining adequate blood volume in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting (OP-CABG).Methods Forty-seven ASA Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients aged 43-64 yr weighing 50-85 kg undergoing OP-CABG were included in this study. Global end-diastolic volume (GEDV), extravascular lung water (EVLW), global end-diastolic volume index (GEDVI), MAP, cardiac output (CO) and cardiac index (CI) were monitored by using PICCO monitor before induction of anesthesia (baseline), at the end of operation and at 4 and 8 h after operation. Blood volume was maintained during operation by adjusting the volume and infusion rate of succinyl gelatin and lactated Ringer's solution according to volume indexes and hemodynamic indexes. GEDVI was maintained at 600-800 ml/m2 and Hct≥30% by transfusion of whole blood or erythrocyte suspension;MAP was maintained at 70-90 mm Hg by intravenous infusion of nitroglycerine (0.5-1.0 μg·kg-1·min-1) or diltiazem (2-6 μg·kg-1·min-1); HR was maintained at≤75 bpm by intravenous dopamine infusion (3-5 μg·kg-1·min-1). The oxygen delivery index(DO2 I) and oxygen consumption index (VO2 I) were calculated. Arterial blood samples were taken for blood gas analysis. Results The CI, DO2I and VO2I were increased at the end of operation, and at 4 h and 8 h after operation as compared with the baseline values before induction of anesthesia (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion Perioperative blood volume can be well maintained with PICCO monitoring in patients undergoing off-pump coronary artery bypass grafting.

[Objective] To explore part of mechanism of Qizhu Jianzhong Decoction treating gastric ulcer and spleen Yang deficiency, impersonally state the scientific connotation of the decoction. [Method] Randomly divide 60 SD rats into normal/ blank control group(Ⅰ), model group(Ⅱ), sucralfate group(Ⅲ), large-dosage group(Ⅳ), middle-dosage group(Ⅴ) and small-dosage group(Ⅵ) of Qizhu Jianzhong Decoction. Except for the group Ⅰ, others are made into rats model of spleen yang deficiency and gastric ulcer with abnormal diet, fatigue, cold and bitter purgation, and cold water stimulant. After being administered medicines, measure their IL-6 and GAS level, and observe the pathological changes of gastric mucosa under microscope. [Result] Compared with group Ⅰ, in the model group, the IL-6 rose, GAS decreased; compared with the model group, other groups of Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ all markedly decreased rats serum Ⅱ-6 level and increased GAS level, with obvious difference(P0.05). Under microscope, the gastric mucosa injury degree was less in groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ and Ⅴ than group Ⅱ; and it was similar between group Ⅵ and group Ⅱ. [Conclusion] Groups Ⅳ and Ⅴ have marked cure effect on spleen yang deficiency and gastric ulcer, and group Ⅵ has no obvious cure effect.

Objective To investigate the effects of different technical conditions on the microvesicle size,envelopment rate,morphology of surface and so on in order to select the best technical conditions to prepare HCPT(10-hydroxy-camptothecin)-loaded PLGA microvesicles.Methods Microvesicles were prepared by a water/oil/water emulsion and solvent evaporation method.Various factors related to the envelopment rate and micmparticle size were studied,such as the ratio of water phase and oil phase,ultrasound power,and time,stirring time and so on.Single factor experiments and orthogonal design testing was carried out to optimize the technology of microvesicles preparation.Results The best processing conditions for microvesicles preparation were as following: HCPT 25 mg,PLGA 1.875 g,the ratio of internal and external phases 1∶15,and the PVA concentration 3%.These preparative variables produced global,smooth and glossy microvesicles.Electric charges were probably between-40 to 0 mV,microvesicles sizes ranged from 500 to 1 000 nm,envelopment rate was 79.33%,drug loading to the microvesicles was 0.478 3%,and ultrasonic imaging was clear in vitro.Conclusion Our optimize technical conditions can prepare injectable microvesicles by ultrasound.

Blood Vessels ; injuries ; Humans ; Iatrogenic Disease ; prevention & control ; Vascular Diseases ; etiology ; prevention & control

Objective To observe influence of basic osteoporosis intervention on the 25-hydroxy vitamin D[25(OH)D] levels,low limb muscle strength and its balance function among Chinese elderly people.Methods Cross sectional study and statistics analysis were performed among total 1026 elderly (≥65years) patients from 16 hospitals throughout China.Daily taking amount of dairy products,calcium,vitamin D supplement,sunlight and physical exercise were recorded.Serum 25 (OH) D level was measured.Limb muscle strength and balance tests were performed.Results Daily intake of dairy products was insufficient in more than 42.0％ (430 cases) participating patients.The average sunlight time of participating patients was (1.2 ± 0.8) h per day.The average physical exercise time was (1.2 ± 0.7) h per day.37.7 ％ (387 cases) participating patients took supplemental calcium and vitamin D.36.8％ (278 cases)participating patients took supplemental calcium.The 25 (OH) D level was less than 50 nmol/L in 77.2％ (792 cases) participating patients,while 50～75 nmol/Lin 16.7％(171 cases).48.7％ (474/973),64.6％(624/966)and 63.6％ (614/966) patients were in high fall risk according to the timed up and go test(TUG),chair rising test(CRT) and tandem gait test(TGT),which showed that the levels of 25 (OH) D deficiency were positively correlated with the elderly fall risk.Conclusions Daily intake of dairy products,sunlight,calcium and ordinary vitamin D supplement are insufficient among Chinese elderly people.Decreases of muscle strength and balance function among elderly people are related to 25 (OH) D levels.Exercise,not Vitamin D supplement,can reduce fall risk through improving muscle strength and balance function in elderly people.

Drawing on recently published foreign literature, this paper comprehensively analyses the research status of medical tourism from the concept of decision-making factors and risks for tourists, as well as the impacts of medical tourism. For future research, it proposes a greater focus on medical tourists, caregiver-companions and medi-cal tourism facilitators. To promote the development of Chinese medical tourism, a development model must be con-structed, international medical services, consummate policies, and regulations must be in place, and medical tourism personnel must be trained and welcomed.