Objective To investigate the occurrence of p16 gene methylation in the population chronically exposed to arsenic in Inner Mongolia,and to study the molecular mechanisms of carcinogenesis associated with arsenic exposure.Methods The study group was composed of 40 cases of typical arseniasis selected from the epidemic area,and the two control groups consisting respectively of 40 non-arseniasis cases selected from the same epidemic area,and 40 healthy persons enrolled from non-epidemic area.Methylation of p16 gene in the blood specimens were analyzed for all the subjects with MS-PCR techniques,and statistical analysis was performed using chi square test.Results The positive rates of p16 hypermethylation in blood specimens were 65.0%,47.5% and 20.0% respectively in study group and two control groups,and the rate of hypermethylation increased with the increase in arsenic exposure with drinking water in epidemic areas.The positive rate of p16 hypermethylation showed significant differences(P

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone (ROS),a peroxisome poliferator- activated receptor (PPAR)?ligand,combined with all-trans retinoic acid (ATRA) on anti-angiogenesis of transplanted gastric cancer in nude mice,and to explore the mechanism of anti-angiogenesis prelimina- rily.Methods The model of xenograft tumor in nude mice were established by inoculating human gastric cancer cells line MGC803 (lower differentiated) into the back of nude mice subcutaneously.The cancer- bearing nude mice were divided randomly into 5 groups:group 1 (n=6) with no treatment;ROS treat- ment (group 2,n=6),ROS combined ATRA treatment including:low dose treatment (group 3,n= 6),moderate dose treatment (group 4,n=6) and high dose treatment (group 5,n=6).After treated for forty days,the volume change of tumor and tumor inhibition rates were observed.The expression of CD34,vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in grafts were detected by immunohistochemical and calculated the difference of MVD.The mRNA expression levels of VEGF,HIF-l?were detected by RT- PCR assay accordingly.Results①The volume of tumor was significantly decreased in ROS treatment group compared with group 1 (P＜0.01).The tumor inhibition rates of group 2 were similar to group 3 (P＞0.05).With the increasing of the dose of ROS the tumor inhibition rates were increased.They were dose-dependent in specified dose-range.②ROS could inhibit angiogenesis of xenograft tumor and depress expression of mRNA of VEGF and HIF-l?.When ROS combined with ATRA,the increasing of dose of ROS,inhibiting angiogenesis of tumor and depressing expression of mRNA of VEGF and HIF-l?were found (P＜0.05).Conclusion ROS (25 mg?kg?2 d~(-1)) can inhibit the growth of tumor,and ROS combined with ATRA can further inhibit the growth of tumor,which may be through the path of PTEN by inhibiting the angiogenesis of tumor

The author introduces the basic concepts of microsatellite and population genetics and its characteristics, expounds the application of these theories for population genetic structure and genetic diversity, gene flow and evolutionary significant unit ESU division research. This paper discuss its applicationin study of genetic causes, origin of cultivation, different regional origins of geoherbs, aiming at providing a new theory and method for geoherbs.
Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; Evolution, Molecular ; Genetic Markers ; genetics ; Genetic Techniques ; Geography ; Microsatellite Repeats ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the expression of p-p38 MAPK protein and the number of astrocytes expressing p-p38 MAPK in CA1 hippocampus in rats during the induction of brain ischemic tolerance induced by intermittent hypobaric hypoxia (IH) preconditioning.

METHODSThirty healthy adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n = 5 in each group): sham 0 min group, IH + sham 0 min group, sham 7 d group, IH + sham 7 d group, Ischemia (Is) 7 d group, and IH + Is 7 d group. Neuropathological evaluation was performed by thionine staining in CA1 hippocampus in rats. The expression of p-p38 MAPK in CA1 hippocampus was observed by immunohistochemical staining. And the number of astrocytes expressing p-p38 MAPK was observed by immunofluorescent double labeling.

RESULTSThe results showed that IH preconditioning induced brain ischemic tolerance successfully. At the same time, IH preconditioning obviously up-regulated the expression of p-p38 MAPK protein in CA1 hippocampus, and also increased the number of astrocytes expressing p-p38 MAPK.

CONCLUSIONIt might be concluded that IH preconditioning induced brain ischemic tolerance by up-regulating the expression of p-p38 MAPK protein in pyramidal neurones and astrocytes.

Animals ; Astrocytes ; enzymology ; pathology ; Brain Ischemia ; enzymology ; pathology ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hippocampus ; enzymology ; Hypoxia ; Ischemic Preconditioning ; methods ; Male ; Phosphorylation ; Pressure ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; metabolism

Objective To explore the imaging features of bone marrow edema(BME)and soft tissue edema(STE)caused by bone tumors and tumor-like lesions.Methods Ninety nine patients with bone tumors and tumor-like lesions which were proved by surgical pathology were reviewed.The patients were divided into benign and malignant groups.Evaluation parameters included the size and signal intensity of BME and STE,the features of enhancement,the bone sclerosis and its relation with BME,and joint effusion,et al.The data of two groups were analyzed by X2 test.Results There were 40 patients in benign group and 59 patients belonged to malignant group.BME and STE demonstrated low signal on T1-weighted images and high signal on fat-suppressed T2-weighted images.Some BMEs demonstrated low signal on T2weighted images,which corresponded to sclerosis on X-ray film and(or)CT.Both BME and STE demonstrated uniform enhancement.There were statistically significant differences between benign and malignant groups including the frequency of BME.sclerosis.the median of the size of the BME and STE (P<0.05),which were 57.5%(23/40),25.0%(10/40),2.7 cm,1.3 cm,and 32.2%(19/59).3.4%(2/59),1.6 cm,1.7 cm respectively.No significant differences between the frequency of STE,joint effusion in 2 groups(P>0.05).Conclusions Both benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions and malignant bone tumors can be accompanied by BME and STE.The size of BME in the benign bone tumors and tumor-like lesions is bigger than those in malignant ones,and the size of STE in malignant bone tumors is bigger than benign ones.

Objective To observe the effect and security of lovasatin treating hyperlipidemia in children with steroid resistance nephrotic syndrome(SRNS).Methods Thirty-seven children with SRNS were administered lovasatin with normal liver function before lipid-lowing treatment.The changes of plasma lipids [total cholesterol(TC),trigly ceride(TG)] and lipoprotins [low density lipoprotein(LDL),very low density lipoprotein(VLDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL)],albumin(Alb),serum creatinine(Scr),aminotransferase(ALT),24 hours of urinary protein and drug side-effects were observated for 4 weeks.All children treated with regular glucocorticoids therapy for 2 months still presented with urinary protein significant positive.Results There were decreasing of plasma lipids and lipoproteins after 2 weeks of lovasatin treatment,especially for TG,24 hours of urinary protein(Pa

Objective To investigate the oxalate-degrading and growth abilities of lactic acid bacteria coming from yoghourt in vitro culture broth. Methods The species of lactic acid bacteria obtained from 6 brands of yoghourt were identified. Different brands of yoghourt were separately cultured in broth and incubated at 37 ℃,5% CO2 for 48 h, getting the concentration of lactic acid bacteria through slab counting method. The brand of yoghourt with the highest quantity of bacteria was chosen as the study subject. Three species of bacteria and the mixture bacteria obtained from the chosen brand of yoghourt were cultured separately for 72 h in MRS broth which contained three different concentrations of ammonium oxalate, and the broth without inoculating of bacterium was prepared as control. The amount of bacteria in culture was detected, the concentration of ammonium oxalate was detected through photometric determination of oxalic acid by its catalytic reaction of methyl red by potassium chromate. Results Three species of lactic acid bacteria (L.bulgaria, L.acidophilus and L.thermophilus) were detected in each brand of yoghourt. The quantity of bacteria in Weiquan yoghourt is the highest. After 72 h incubation, the concentrations of oxalate in all the broths containing bacteria were lower than those in the control. L.acidophilus showed the best degrading activity. The higher the concentration of oxalate was, the bigger the amount of oxalate degraded was, the smaller the percent of degrading was, and the less the growth ability of bacteria was. Conclusion All the species coming from yoghourt have the ability of oxalate degrading, which increases with the concentration of oxalate in culture.But the high concentration of oxalate restrains the growth of bacteria.

AIM: To evaluate the preservation of anterior capsule during vitrectomy and lensectomy.ment (RD) and grade C proliferative vitreoretinopathy (PVR)underwent pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) and pars plana lensectomy (PPL) with preservation and polishing of the anterior capsule. Of the 15 eyes, 4 eyes had giant tear, 3 had recurrent rhegmatogenous retinal detachment (RRD), 2 had diabetic retinopathy. Totally 6 eyes had gas and 9 had silicone oil tamponade. The surgeries were evaluated according to the visual acuity (VA) and the postoperative complications during the follow-up of at least 3 months.in all eyes, improved by 3± 3 lines overall. Eight eyes were implanted posterior chamber intraocular lens (PCIOL) successfully at 2-3 months after operation, including 6 having gas and 2 having silicone oil tamponade. No eyes had central anterior capsule opacity, corneal decompensation, puplillary block, retina redetachment or other complications.an intact anterior capsule in eyes with RD and PVR. Preserving the anterior capsule can help preventing intraoperative and postoperative complications of gas or silicone oil, simplify future PCIOL placement, and maintaining a normal iris appearance.

AIM:To establish the murine model of oxygen induced retinopathy ( OIR) and to evaluate the inhibition of retinal neovascularization by erythropoietin ( EPO) blockade.
METHODS: Neonates of C57BL/6 mouse ( P7 ) were exposed to 75%±2% oxygen for 5d and return to normal air environment when 12d ( P12 ) to establish oxygen-induced retinal neovascularization model. The neonates were divided into groups, injected with 0. 5μL solution containing 25ng ( group A), 50ng ( group B), 250ng ( group C) of soluble erythropoietin receptor ( EPO-R) or PBS (group D) at P12, P14 and P16 in the right eye. On P17, the litters were sacrificed and their right eyes were enucleated and fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, made pathological section. The number of breakthrough internal limiting membrane neovascular nuclei was counted with pathological retinal morphology, understanding theproliferative degree of retinal neovascularization.
RESULTS: The pathological sections showed the neovascular cell nuclei which penetrating the inner limiting membrane in intravitreal EPO receptor injection group was reduced statistically than that in PBS injection group, the difference was statistically significant ( P<0.01). And, neovascular nuclei count differences in the
various concentrations of EPO receptor group was statistically significant (P<0. 01). With the EPO receptor concentration increase, neovascular endothelial cells broken through the internal limiting membrane was reduced.
CONCLUSION: Intravitreal injection of soluble EPO receptor can block EPO and improve neovascularization. The new method is expected to become new treatment of ocular neovascular diseases.

Objective To explore the clinical diagnosis and treatment of cyclic vomiting syndrome in children.Methods Thirty children proved with cyclic vomiting syndrome admitted from January,1998 to January,2003 were analyzed retrospectively.Results Cyclic vomiting syndrome was most likely to occur in 3-12 years old.The male to female ratio was 3∶2.The clinical manifestations were recurrent vomiting.Twenty-one cases had inducements,while 9 cases had not inducements.It was safe and efficient that curing cyclic vomiting syndrome with cyprohetadine and amitriptyline.Conclusions If these children with cyclic vomiting syndrome are inefficient to treatment,excluding metabolizable diseases,gastrointestinal,neurological diseases,they may be diagnosed cyclic vomiting syndrome,and cured with cyprohetadine and amitriptyline.