ObjectiveTo observe the effection of different interventions of group B streptococcus (GBS) infection in gestation period.MethodsOne hundred and seventeen cases with GBS infection were obtained from 1885 pregnant women,who were got routine prenatal examination at 34 to 37 weeks of pregnancy,and drug seeitivity test of secretions which were taken from under paragraph 1/3 of vagina,and divided into treatment group (91 cases) and untreatment group (26 cases).The treatment group was divided into treatment group one (47 cases) and treatment group two (44 cases).Treatment group one was treated with oral antibiotics for 7 days after diagnosis,treatment group one and two were treated with postpartum antibiotics intravenous infusion once every 4 hours in labor.Comparison of maternal and fetal outcomes.ResultsThe GBS infection rate was 6.2％ (117/1885).The morbidity of premature delivery,premature rupture of membrane and neonatal infection of treatment group [ 5.5％ ( 5/91 ),13.2％ ( 12/91 ),5.5％ (5/91 ) ]were lower than those of untreatment group [ 19.2％(5/26),30.8％(8/26),23.1％(6/26) ](P ＜ 0.05).The morbidity of premature dehvery and premature rupture of membrane of treatment group one[ 0,6.4％ (3/47)]were lower than those of treatment group two[ 11.4％ (5/44),20.5％ (9/44)](P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Anti-GBS treatment can improve the outcomes of mothers and infants,especially early anti-GBS treatment during the period of pregnancy.

Objective To study whether Fcα/μ receptor(Fcα/μR)can mediate complement killing of human glomerular mesangial cells.Methods Fcα/μR cDNA contained plasmid,pcDNA3.1-Fcα/μR was transfected into a human glomerular mesangial cell(NHMC).Fcα/μR expression was detected by Western blot and laser scanning eonfocal microscopy.Binding of IgM-immune complexes(IgM-IC)to the Fcα/μR on cell membrane was detected by flowcytometry and laser scanning confocal microscopy.Killing of cells by complement was shown by Trypan blue exclusion assay.Results NHMC cells transfected with Fcα/μR could bind IgM and IgM-IC.After treatment with complement,added IgM-IC,the death rate of pcDNA3.1-Fcα/μR transfected cell was significant higher than the control groups of wild type cell,pcDNA3.1 transfected cell and the pcDNA3.1-Fcα/μR transfected cell without IgM-IC.Conclusion IgM-IC can bind to the Fcα/μR expressed NHMC cells and mediate complement killing of the cells.

24 hours) and versus control group(

AIM: To quantitatively investigate transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β) and its receptors in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues and pterygium tissues. METHODS: Thirty cases of pterygium patients were randomly selected to undergo surgical resection of pterygium lesion, and the normal margin of bulbar con-junctival tissues were collected as control. Gene expres-sion was detected quantitatively by the method of quantitative real-time PCR (QRT-PCR) analysis. RESULTS: The expression level of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 was 4.26×10-7±1.45×10-7 and 1.08×10-10±0.68×10-10 in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues, while 10.67×10-7±7.47×10-7 and 8.23×10-11±6.63×10-11 in pterygium tissues. The expression level of TGF-βRⅠand TGF-βRⅡwas 0.003015±0.0036 and 5.33×10-5±5.05×10-5in normal bulbar conjunctival tissues, while 0.000379±0.000281 and 1.002×10-5±9.04×10-6 in pterygium tissues. The expression level of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 in pterygium was elevated (P<0.01). TGF-β1 expression level in pterygium increase 2.9±2.8 times than in normal conjunctiva. TGF-β2 expression level in pterygium increase 7.5±1.4 times than in normal conjunctiva. The expression level of TGF-βRⅠin pterygium was significantly lower (P<0.05). The expression level of TGF-βRII in pterygium was significantly lower (P<0.01). CONCLUSION: QRT-PCR is an effective method to quantitatively detect gene expression in eye. The upregulation of TGF-β1 and TGF-β2 and downregulation of their receptors expression may play an important role in the pathogenesis of pterygium, which is noteworthy further investigation in diagnosis and treatment of pterygium.real-time PCR; gene expression

OBJECTIVEN-acetyltransferase 2 (NAT2) and cytochrome P450 2EI (CYP2E1) play a crucial role in the drug metabolic process. The aim of this study was to understand the genotype and phenotype polymorphisms of NAT2 and CYP2E1 in the Han Chinese pediatric population in order to provide a theoretical basis for individualized drug treatment.

METHODSA total of 341 (211 males and 130 females) randomly sampled Han Chinese children, aged from 2 months to 14 years, were enrolled in this study. Genotyping was carried out by PCR method, and metabolic phenotypes were identified.

RESULTSIn this study population, wild genotype was found as a major genotype in seven SNPs of NAT2, rs1801279, rs1041983, rs1801280, rs1799929, rs1799930, rs1208 and rs1799931. The frequency of NAT2 fast metabolism was highest (61.3%), followed by middle to slow metabolism (34.1%). Wild genotype also predominated in the four SNPs of CYP2E1 (rs2031920, rs3813867, rs6413432 and rs72559720) named as CYP2E1*5, *6 and *2, with a frequency of 61.3%, 60.1% and 99.4% respectively. As the relationship between CYP2E1 genotype and phenotype was unknown, phenotyping of CYP2E1 was not done.

CONCLUSIONSThe important SNPs of NAT2 and CYP2E1 are predominantly wild genotype in the Han Chinese pediatric population. Fast metabolic phenotype predominates in important SNPs of NAT2.

Adolescent ; Arylamine N-Acetyltransferase ; genetics ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; ethnology ; Cytochrome P-450 CYP2E1 ; genetics ; Female ; Genotype ; Humans ; Infant ; Infant, Newborn ; Male ; Phenotype ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide

Objective The levels of Thl cytokines(IL-10 and IL-13)and Th2 cytokines(INF-? and TNF-?)were determined in the sera of patients with Schistosomiasis japonica in order to find the relationship between cytokines and severe hepatic fibrosis(HF)in schistosomiasis.Methods A total of 358 patients with advanced Schistosomiasis japonica were examined by ultrasound.68 HBsAg negative patients were chosen randomly as experimental control.Among them,39 patients were found to have mild HF and 29 were severe HF.The sera levels of Thl and Th2 cytokines were determined with ELISA.Results Among these 358 patients,83(23.2%)were HBsAg positive.Neither earlier nor severer hepatic fibrosis was noted in the patients who had been simultaneously infected with HBV than those only infected with schistosomiasis. There was a significant difference between mild[ 1.60(1.30-12.14)ng/L]and severe[ 4.20(1.43- 52.07)ng/L]HF patients in the level of IL-10(Z=-3.907,P0.05)was found in level of IFN-?,between severe[3.12(1.38-66.14)ng/L]and mild[5.87(1.33-216.33)ng/ L]HF subjects.Our observation did not reveal any obvious difference of TNF-? between severe[ 2.48(0.79 -19.86)ng/L]and mild[ 2.28(0.67-15.72)ng/L]HF groups.Conclusions Patients infected with advanced shistosomiasis may become more susceptible to HBV.The results of the present investigation showed that a high level production of IL-13 was associated with severe HF.

Opioid analgesics are potent pain-killer and are widely used in clinical practice.Opioid receptors are classified into μ,δ,κ subtypes.Most of the currently available opioid analgesics are μ opioid receptor agonists, but they cause undesired side effects such as physical dependence, respiratory depression and constipation and so on.The antalgic activity of δ receptor agonist is weaker than that of μ agonist, but it can modulate the activity of μ receptor and prevent its addiction. Therefore, discovering and designing compounds with μ/δ dual action is a new way for finding analgesics with low toxicity and less side effects.This review summarizes the development of compound with dual μ/δ activities and provides a new strategy for designing analgesics with low toxicity and less side effects.

Objective To elucidate the roles of TANK-binding kinase-1(TBKl)in hepatitis B virus (HBV)infection induced interferon antiviral immunity.Methods Peripheral blood monocytes were separated by CD14 magnetic microbeads from healthy volunteers(HV)and chronic hepatitis B(CHB)patients.Purified mDCs were induced and proliferated in the culture medium with human granulocyte-macrophage concentration of 25 mg/L were stimulated.The mRNA expressions of TBK1,interferon regulatory factor (IRF)3 and interferon(IFN)-βwere quantified by real time polymerase chain reaction(PCR).The levels of IFN-β in supernatants were determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Reslllts The mRNA levels of TBK1,IRF3 and IFN-β did not change significantly at 0,12,24 and 48 h after the significantly at 0, 12, 24 and 48 h in CHB group, whereas, it was significantly up-regulated at 12 h in HV group. Conclusions Our results suggest that there may be some disorders in host antiviral signal transduction pathways downstream the binding between ligands and receptors on mDC surface. The insufficient IFN-β expression after HBV infection may result in persistent chronic infection.

Objective To evaluate the cell-mediated immune tissue reactions of mice model of chromoblastomycosis. Methods First we developed a murine model of chromoblastomycosis subcutaneous infection with F. pedrosoi inoculated into the footpads using immunocompetent and immunocompromised mice immuned by CTX, and then by immunohistochemistry methods analyzed the expression of cytokines IL-4, IL-10, TNF-α and IFN-γ at the seventh and thirtieth day, the expression of these cytokines at the same time in the healthy mice footpads were used as control. Results In the immunocompetent mice, The expression of IL-4, IL-10 and TNF-α was significantly higher when compared with healthy control at the seventh day,showing an up-regulation pattern of Th2 and Th1 type cellular immune functions with a predominance of the Th2 response. At the 30th day, the expression of IL-10 was significantly lower when compared with the 7th day and no difference with healthy controls, while IFN-γand TNF-α were gradually increased, the T cellmediated immune drives to Th1 response from Th2. In the immunocompromised mice, the expression of IL4 and IL-10 were significantly higher, meanwhile IFN-γwas lower than those in immunocompetent or healty mice, the levels of TNF-α was not significantly different fiom healty control at the 7th day, it showed that Th2 response was more increased with the Th1 responses was significantly inhibited in the early immune reactions. At the 30th day, the Th1 type cytokines IFN-γ and TNF-α were highly significantly higher than early stage but still lower than immunocompetent levels, the level of Th2 type cytokine IL-10 rradually decreased although it was still above the other two rroups. Conclusion In different immune state, there was an immune defence translation from the predominance of Th2 type cellular immunity to Th1 type in the process of murine model of chromoblastomycosis. Thl type cytokines which favors resistance to fungal disease, played a major role at controlling the development of chromoblastomycosis.

Objective To investigate the genotypes of β-lactamases produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae.Methods Plasmid conjugation,PCR amplification,gene cloning and DNA sequencing,isoelectric focusing electrophoresis and extended-spectrum β-lactamase(ESBLs)confirmatory test were carried out for analyzing the encoding gene of β-lactamases in clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae collected from hospital wards.Results Totally 75 clinical strains of Klebsiella pneumoniae were collected,in which 48 strains were confirmed to produce genotype of β-laetamases(64.0%),including 39 ESBLs-producing Btraim(52.0%).Among 48 strains,17 isolates(35.4%)carried 2 types of ESBLs genes,7(14.6%)carried 3 types of ESBL8 genes,and 5(10.4%)carried 4 types of ESBLs genes.CTX-M was the most comon type(30/48,62.5%),followed by TEM(26/48,54.2%)and SHV(25/48,52.1%).Among 9 isolates with DHA-1 AmpC β-laetamase,8 produced AmpC β-lactamases and ESBLs.Class A carbapenemase KPC-2 was produced in 3 isolates.False negative rate of ESBLs confirmatory test was 23.1%(9/39).Condusion Genotypes of β-lactamases produced by Klebsiella pneumoniae are complicated,which results in multi-drug resistance in clinic.