Objective To analyze the feasibility, safety, and technique of laparoscopic myomectomy in patients with large hysteromyoma. Methods A total of 82 hysteromyoma patients with the uterus larger than 14-week gestational size were treated by laparoscopic myomectomy. The outcome of the operation were compared with that in 182 hysteromyoma cases with the uterus smaller than 14-week gestational size. Results In the 82 patients with the uterus larger than 14-week gestational size, 77 were treated successfully by laparoscopy, in which pneumoperitoneum was used in 68 cases and gasless laparoscopy in the other 9. One of the cases converted to open surgery, and small abdominal incision was made in 4 patients. Compared with the patients with the uterus smaller than 14-week gestational size, the 77 patients who had been successfully by laparoscopy had longer operation time [(157.6?89.7) min vs (35.3?26.2) min, t=16.926, P=0.000] and more blood loss [(218.0?108.2)ml vs (108.5?67.5)ml,t=9.904,P=0.000]. Conclusions Myomectomy can be performed under a laparoscope for patients with the uterus larger than 14-week gestational size. Highly skilled technique is important for the surgery.!Gasless laparoscopy is applicable to myomectomy for patients with the uterus smaller than 16-week gestational size.

Tissue blotting, based on Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), is a technique for detection of plant viruses. This technique is not only high sensitivity and specificity, but also simpler and more rapid for detection. Samples that are blotted on membrane can be kept over three months. The results can directly display the section of virus infected. It is especially suitable for detection of plant viruses on a large scale.

Objective To investigate the relationship between inflammatory factors,including C-reactive protein( CRP),tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α),adiponectin,leptin and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and their changes in puerperiunr Methods From June 2008 to May 2010,40 cases with gestational diabetes mellitus,40 cases of normal pregnancy were enrolled in this study.Fasting venous blood were obtained at early pregnancy (10 - 12 weeks),late pregnancy (36 -38 weeks) and day 3 and 42 of postpartum.Serumal adiponectin,leptin and TNF-α were measured by ELISA,and serumal CRP were measured by particle enhanced immunoturbidimetric method.The levels of those 4 cytokines and homeostasis model assessment insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) index were compared between two groups.And the changes of 4 cytokines were calculated in puerperium.The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) for TNF-α predicting GDM was designed.Results ( 1 ) The relationship between cytokines and HOMA-IR:the levels of adiponectin of (5.7 ± 1.8 ) mg/L in the GDM group were significantly lower than ( 8.1 ± 2.7 ) mg/L in control group in early pregnancy,and the level of adiponectin was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=-0.333,P＜0.05).The levels of (28 ± 10) μg/L of leptin,( 10.0 ±3.4) ng/L of TNF-α and (4.7 ± 1.1 ) mg/L of CRP in GDM group were significantly higher than ( 20 ± 8 ) μ,g/L of leptin,(4.6 ±2.7) ng/L of TNF-α,(2.4 ± 1.2 ) mg/L of CRP in control group,which were positively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.411,0.529,0.308,all P ＜ 0.05 ).In late pregnancy,the level of adiponectin ( 3.9 ±2.2) mg/L in the GDM group was significantly lower than ( 6.6 ± 2.7 ) mg/L in control group,and the level of adiponectin was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =- 0.344,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of ( 37 ±13) μg/L of leptin,( 12.7 ±2.6) ng/L of TNF-α and (6.7 ±3.6) mg/L of CRP in the GDM group were significantly higher than ( 30 ± 13 ) μg/L of leptin,(5.8 ± 2.1 ) ng/L of TNF-α,( 4.4 ± 3.1 ) mg/L of CRP in control group,which were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r =0.414,0.487,0.285,all P ＜0.05).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the level of TNF-α at early and late pregnancy was most correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.390,0.284,all P ＜ 0.05 ).( 2 ) The level of the cytokines and HOMA-IR in puerperium:at day 3 of postpartum,the level of adiponectin of (3.3 ± 1.1) mg/L in the GDM group was significantly lower than (6.2 ± 1.5 ) mg/L in control group,which was negatively correlated with HOMA-1R (r =- 0.283,P ＜ 0.05 ).The levels of ( 31 ± 13 ) μg/L of leptin,( 10.1 ± 5.7 ) ng/L of TNF-α and (35.1 ±6.5) mg/L of CRP in the GDM group were significantly higher than (21 ± 15) μg/L of leptin,(5.6 ± 3.0) ng/L of TNF-α,(30.5 ± 8.5) mg/L of CRP in control group.And leptin and TNF-α levels were positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r=0.372,0.494,all P ＜0.05).At day 42 of postpartum,the level of adiponectin in GDM group was negatively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =- 0.299,P ＜ 0.05 ),and the levels of leptin and TNF-α were positively correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.401,0.442,all P ＜0.05 ).Multiple linear regression analysis showed that the level of TNF-αt at day 3 and day 42 was most correlated with HOMA-IR ( r =0.363,0.274,all P ＜ 0.05 ).( 3 ) ROC analysis of data from early pregnancy showed that the threshold for TNF-α to predict GDM was 5.45 ug/L.Conclusion TNF-ot might be the index to predict GDM and evaluate prognosis.

Objective To study the effects of carboxymethylated chitosan (CMCS) to nitric oxide (NO)-induced apoptosis on rat chondrocytes,and explore p38MAPK signal transduction pathway in the process and its mechanism.Methods The rat articular cartilage cells were cultured in vitro,collagen type-2 (collagen-2) immunohistochemical staining was used to identify the cartilage cells.The model of chondrocyte apoptosis was built by different concentrations of sodium nitroprusside (SNP) induction.The cells were divided into the control group,the SNP treated group SNP+CMCS treated group,and the SNP+p38 MAPK inhibitor SB203580 treated group.The apoptotic rate of chondrocytes was calculated by FCM,apoptotic nuclei was identified by Hoechst33342 stain,the mitochondrial membrane potential changes was detected by Rhodamine123 (Rho123) stain,the expression of p38 and p-p38 were detected by Western blotting analysis.Results 1-3 mmol/L SNP could induce chondrocyte apoptosis,the apoptotic rate was increased with the SNP increasing,the most obvious apoptosis was occurred in 3 mmol/L SNP treated chondrocytes,which was 69.8％ (P＜0.05).SNP could increase the nuclear fragmentation of chondrocytes,the cells with nuclear fragmentation was significantly higher than that in the control group.SNP could reduce mitochondrial membrane potential in chondrocytes,which decreased significantly compared with the control group.SNP could increase the p-p38 expression in chondrocytes,which was 4.3 times compared to the control group.CMCS of different concentrations could reduce the apoptotic rate of SNP-induced chondrocytes,which was 51.0％,29.9％ and 15.2％,which was decreased significantly (P＜0.05) when compared with 3 mmol/L SNP induced group,CMCS decreased the cells number of SNP-induced nuclear fragmentation.CMCS increased the mitochondrial membrane potential in SNP-induced chondrocytes.CMCS reduced the expression levels of p-p38 in SNP-induced chondrocytes.Conclusion CMCS has protective effect on SNP-induced apoptosis of chondrocytes.This process is completed by inhibiting the activity of p38 MAPK signal pathway.

BACKGROUND: Ketamine is a kind of frequently used general venous anesthesia drug in clinic, and the medication in vein or epidural cavum has analgesic effect. It is N-methyl-D-aspartic acid (NMDA) receptor noncompetitive antagonist, which can inhibit toxic effect of excitatory amino acids.OBJECTIVE: To observe effect of ketamine on apoptosis of dorsal horn astrocytes of spinal cord of rats induced by NMDA receptor over activation and explore its possible mechanism of action.DESIGN: Randomized controlled observation.SETTING: Department of Anesthesiology, Taihe Hospital Affiliated to Yunyang Medical College.MATERIALS: The experiment was conducted at Cell Biology Laboratory,Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Yunyang Medical College between September 2003 and January 2005. Neonatal Wistar rats of two or three days were provided by Animal Experimental Center of Wuhan University. METHODS: Primary astrocytes in dorsal horn of T11-L6 spinal cord of Wistar rats were purified and cultured. Astrocytes were used in the experiment when its purity coefficient reached 98% assessed by gial fibrillary acidic protein. The cultured cells in 24-well plates were divided randomly into 6 groups (9 portions in each group): ①50 μL Hanks liquor was added into the control group. ②Amount of 100μmol/L was added into the NMDA group. ③Amount of 1 mmol/L was added into the ketamine group. ④100μmol/L NMDA + 0.1 mmol/L ketamine group. ⑤100 μmol/L NMDA + 0.5 mmol/L ketamine group. ⑥100μmol/L NMDA + 1 mmol/L ke tamine group. 1 mmol/L ketamine was clinical antalgic dosage. Activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and content of malondialdehyde (MDA) were examined after 24-hour culture. Content of Bcl-2 protein and change of morphology were observed with immunocytochemistry. Apoptosis of astrocytes was measured with flow cytometry. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: ① Counterstain cell staining and changes of morphology of Bcl-2 protein with immunohistochemical method and hematoxylin-esoin staining (HE). ②Apoptosis of astrocytes was detected with flow cytometry. ③Content of MDA and activity of SOD.RESULTS: ①Mean absorbance (A) of Bcl-2 as expression of Bcl-2 protein measured semiquantitatively: It was lower in the 100μmoL/L NMDA group than the control group, which had significant difference [0.054±0.021,0.108±0.039, respectively, P＜0.01]. It was higher in the 100 μmol/L NMDA + 1 mmol/L ketamine group than the 100 μmol/L NMDA group,which had significant difference [0.148±0.045, 0.054±0.021, respectively,P ＜ 0.01]. ②Apoptosis of astrocytes detected with flow cytometry: It was higher in the 100μmol/L NMDA group than the control group, which had significant difference [(25.26±6.13)%, (5.66±2.24)%, respectively, P＜0.01].It was lower in the 100μmol/L NMDA + 1 mmol/L ketamine group than in the 100μmol/L NMDA group, which had significant difference[(24.41±4.82)%, (25.26±6.13)%, respectively, P＜0.01]. ③Content of MDA and activity of SOD: 100 μmol/L NMDA made the content of MDA in astrocytes obviously increase , while the activity of SOD markedly decrease. 1 mmol/L ketamine remarkably decreased the content of MDA, distinctly increased the activity of SOD. This effectiveness had evidently dosage-effect relationship in clinical antalgic dosage, which had obviously difference as compared with that of the NMDA group (P ＜ 0.01 ). The differences between the 1 mmol/L ketamine group and the control group as well as between the 100 μmol/L NMDA + 0.1 mmol/L ketamine group and the NMDA group had insignificant difference.CONCLUSION: NMDA receptor over activation can induce apoptosis of a great number of astrocytes in spinal dorsal horn of rats. Suitable ketamine dramatically inhibits apoptosis, and its mechanism can enhance the expressionof Bcl-2 protein of astrocytes, at the same time inhibit the production of free radical and reinforce the activity of SOD.

Objective To observe the effects of icarisid Ⅱ (ICS Ⅱ)on cognitive deficits and expression of synaptophysin(SYN)in chronic cerebral hypoperfusion(CCH)rat models.Methods 40 male SD rats were randomly divided into four groups:normal group,sham operation group,model group and ICSⅡgroup.The model was established by permanent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion(BCCAO).ICS Ⅱ group was administered ICS Ⅱ at a dose of 8mg·kg -1 ·d -1 by gavage on 1st day after modeling.Sham group and CCH group were injected double -distilled water.The escape latency(s)and spatial probe times were measured by water maze test.Then,the morphology change and expression of SYN in hippocampal were assayed by HE and immunohistochemistry analysis.Results At the 1st month and 2nd month,the escape latency in the model group[(40.02 ±4.95)s,(42.29 ±5.75)s]were significantly prolonged compared with the sham operation group[(26.43 ±2.68)s,(26.84 ±2.06)s](t =4.89,5.06,all P <0.05).And those in the ICS Ⅱ group[(30.58 ±3.03)s,(29.19 ±4.23)s]were significantly decreased compared with the model group(t =3.63,4.10,all P <0.05).The space probe times in the model group[(2.6 ±0.89)times, (2.40 ±1.14)times]were significantly reduced compared with the sham operation group[(6.00 ±2.16)times, (5.75 ±2.16)times](t =3.23,4.18,P <0.05).And those in the ICS Ⅱ group[(4.40 ±1.34)times,(5.00 ± 1.58)times]were significantly increased compared with the model group (t =2.49,2.98,all P <0.05).The average optical density of SYN in hippocampal in the model group[CA1:(0.121 ±0.009),(0.122 ±0.008);CA3:(0.172 ± 0.028),(0.173 ±0.021 )]were significantly reduced compared with the sham operation group[CA1:(0.131 ± 0.006),(0.136 ±0.007);CA3:(0.218 ±0.035),(0.204 ±0.018)](t =2.43,2.53,3.12,2.34,P <0.05). Those in the ICS Ⅱ group[CA1:(0.131 ±0.006),(0.132 ±0.006);(0.212 ±0.02),(0.208 ±0.022)]were significantly increased compared with model group(t =2.41,2.41,2.31,2.77,all P <0.05).However,there was no statistically significant difference of those index between the normal group and sham operation group(P >0.05 ). Conclusion ICS Ⅱ can improve the cognitive deficits in CCH rat models and this effect may be associated with increased expressions of SYN in hippocampal.

According to the theory of microscopic system reform in higher education, a total of 927 college students of different majors from Beijing University of Chinese Medicine were investigated by using SIMPP method. It indicated that through promoting the study of self-prepared, learning state and learning effect, students can enhance their learning ability of the admission acceptance. From the perspective of teachers, the students' self-study ability can be fully mobilized using individual person-alized teaching method. Then, the initiative of university education in the teaching and learning can be improved. Ultimately, the efficiency of student learning can be improved.

BackgroundMouse has been used in laboratory studies as the model of ocular diseases.Electroretinogram (ERG)is a non-invasive method for primary examination to evaluate retinal function.Though flash ERG has been widely applied in the mouse ocular disease model for the functional assessment of the retinal outer layer,pattern ERG(PERG) is seldom used for inner retinal evaluation.ObjeetiveThe present experimental study was to investigate the recording parameters and method,wave characteristics of PERG and influencing factors in mouse,and to build the foundation for further research.Methods Thirty C57BL/6 mice aged 6 weeks old were included in this research.RETLport ( Roland Consult,Germany) was adopted for the recording of PERG.The positive needle electrode was placed in the cornea,and the reference and earth electrodes were placed under the derma in the cheek and tail.The PERG under different temporal frequencies (0.5,1.0,2.0 and 4.0 Hz),and special frequencies (0.05,0.10,0.20 cpd) were recorded in a photopic environment,and different contrast ratio (95％ and 99％ ) of stimulator or different transmission bands ( 1-100 Hz,5-30 Hz) in the same temporal frequency and spatial frequency were regulated to analyze the influence on mouse PERG.The use of animals was in compliance to the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by the State Science and Technology Commission.ResultsThe latency of N1 PERG showed a negative N1wave at around 37 ms and positive P wave at about 86 ms in adult mice.The amplitude of N1-P was 2-6 μV.Different spatial frequency,temporal frequency and contrast can affect the final results,and the different temporal frequencies were statistically significant.The wave was stable and the amplitude was unaffected at 5-30 Hz transmission bands with pronounced interference (mean amplitude of N1-P waves were(3.40±0.71),(5.08±0.88),(3.21±1.54),(3.85±1.96)μV in 0.5,1.0,2.0,4.0 Hz,F=7.43,P=0.00).ConclusionsPERG wave from adult mouse is similar to that from human.It is a useful method in evaluating the inner retinal function.Appropriate stimulating parameters are critical for recording.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Qingfei-Jiedu decoction in the treatment of Acne. Methods A total of 93 female patients with acne were randomly divided into 3 groups according to random number table, 31 in each group. The observation group took the oral Qingfei-Jiedu decoction, and the Chinese medicine control group took the oral tanshinone capsule, and the western medicine control group took the oral acetic acid ring propyl alcohol progesterone. All 3 groups were treated for 4 weeks. The levels of serum dihydro (DHT), IL-6 and IL-8 were measured by ELISA. The changes of the lesions before and after treatment were observed and the adverse events were recorded during the treatment. The clinical effect was evaluated. Results After treatment, the serum DHT (56.94 ± 15.74 pg/ml vs. 74.48 ± 18.53 pg/ml, t=2.089), IL-6 (22.84 ± 11.77 pg/ml vs. 30.37 ± 14.50 pg/ml, t=2.135), IL-8 (22.64 ± 7.38 pg/ml vs. 29.54 ± 9.65 pg/ml, t=2.057) in the observation group were significantly lower than those in the Chinese medicine control group (P<0.05). After treatment, the disappearance rate of skin lesions (65.4% ± 15.0% vs. 44.7% ± 12.9%, 42.7% ± 13.6%, F=6.862) and comprehensive syndrome effective rate (57.2% ± 12.6% vs. 46.3% ± 12.8%, 44.8% ± 11.7%, F=5.322) in the observation group were significantly higher than those in the other two control groups (P<0.05). The observation group and the traditional Chinese medicine control group did not have adverse events, but the western medicine control group showed one case nausea. Conclusions The Qingfei-Jiedu decoction can reduce the level of serum DHT, IL-6 and IL-8 in female patients with acne vulgaris, and improve the skin lesion disappearance rates and comprehensive syndrome rates.

Objective To evaluate the effcacy and safety of nephron-sparing surgery(NSS) in the treatment of renal angiomyolipoma(AML) in middle-aged and elderly patients.Methods From September 2002 to September 2011,NSS was performed in 12 cases with renal AML in our hospital.Renal function was observed before and after surgery.Tumor size,pathological findings,surgical complications and prognosis were retrospectively analyzed.Clinical features were summarized.Results The age of patients ranged from 45 to 65 years(median 60.2 years).There were 2 males and 10 females in this study,including 1 eases with solitary kidney.Open NSS were performed in 2 cases and laparoscopic surgery in 10 cases.Tumor diameter was(6.8 ±3.3) cm on average,ranged from 3.5 cm to 12.0 cm.Intraoperative findings showed that diameters of AML in the basal kidney were small,similar to themushroom in shape,and the depth of tumor invasion into the renal parenchyma was superficial.Pathologic results showed that pathologically classic AML was found in 9 cases,epithelial-like type in 2 cases,leiomyoma type in 1 case.Mean intraoperative blood loss was 250 ml(100-750 ml).Postoperative retroperitoneal hematoma occurred in 1 case.Serum creatinine level showed no statistically significant difference between pre-surgery and 10 days after surgery [(87 ±34) mmol/L vs.(92±37) mmol/L,t=2.073,P＞0.05].During mean follow-up of 26.5 months (12-48 months),no renal insufficiency was found.Conclusions NSS is an effective and safe treatment for renal AML in middle-aged and elderly patients.