Acetylcholine ; metabolism ; physiology ; Animals ; Cholinergic Agonists ; pharmacology ; Male ; Muscle Contraction ; drug effects ; physiology ; Muscle Relaxation ; drug effects ; physiology ; Muscle, Smooth ; drug effects ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Receptors, Cholinergic ; physiology ; Synaptic Transmission ; drug effects ; Urinary Bladder ; drug effects ; innervation ; physiopathology

Objective To study the application of isokinetic muscle testing in identification of the faked paralysis to provide scientific data for establishing a standard systemof muscle strength in forensic medicine identification. Methods Fifty-seven patients with bone fracture or nerve damage as damaged group and 128 normal subjects pretended paralysis as faked paralyzed group were included in this study. Isokinetic muscle testing was performed on bilateral knees of all subjects in the two groups. The peak torque (PT) and peak torque angle (PTA ) were compared between both sides in each group. The fea-tures of torque-time graph of two groups were classified. Results In the damaged group, the differences of PTbetween two sides of flexors and extensors were statistically significant (P<0.05), while the dif-ferences of PTA were not statistically significant (P>0.05). In faked paralyzed group, the differences of PTand PTA between two sides of flexors and extensors were both statistically significant (P<0.05). The torque-time graph of damaged knee presented mostly as single lead peak, while torque-time graph of the faked paralyzed knee presented mostly as multiple peaks. Conclusion The feature of torque-time graph could be useful to identify the faked paralyzed extremities in forensic authentication.

ObjectiveTo determine a measurement standard of irregular scar area by comparing the ad-vantages and disadvantages of different measurement methods in measuring same irregular scar area. MethodsIrregular scar area was scanned by digital scanning and measured by coordinate reading method, AutoCAD pixel method, Photoshop lasso pixel method, Photoshop magic bar filled pixel method and Foxit PDF reading software, and some aspects of these methods such as measurement time, repeata-bility, whether could be recorded and whether could be traced were compared and analyzed.Results There was no significant difference in the scar areas by the measurement methods above. However, there was statistical difference in the measurement time and repeatability by one or multi performers and only Foxit PDF reading software could be traced back.ConclusionThe methods above can be used for measuring scar area, but each one has its advantages and disadvantages. It is necessary to develop new measurement software for forensic identification.

OBJECTIVE: To establish a HPLC method for simultaneous determination of metronidazole and chloram. phcnicol in comedo cream. METHODS: The method included a Diamonsil C18 column (250mm ? 4.6mm, 5?m) and methanol water(50 : 50,v/v)as the mobile phase and an ultraviolet detecting wavelength of 280nm .RESULTS:The calibralion curve was linear in a concentration range of ( 10 - 250)?g/ml of both metronidazole and chloramphenicol (r = 0.9 998) .The average recoveries of metronidazole and chloramphenicol were 100.53% , 100.53% and RSD were 0.79% , 0.56% respectively .CONCLUSION:The method for the determination of metronidazole and chloramphenicol was rapid and convenient. It can be used for the quality control of metronidazole and chloramphenicol in cream.

Objective To analyze the distribution of B-cell subtypes and IgG subclasses in pa-tients with non-small cell lung cancer ( NSCLC) and to investigate their potential functions in the progress of NSCLC.Methods Flow cytometry analysis was used to detect the distribution of immature B cells, memory B cells and mature B cells in 25 healthy subjects and 55 patients who were at different clinical stages of NSCLC.Enzyme-linked immune-sorbent assay ( ELASA) was performed to measure the concentrations of IgG1, IgG2, IgG3, IgG4 and total IgG, as well as the ratio of each IgG subclass in total IgG.Results The percentages of immature and memory B cells in CD19+B cells were positively correlated with the progress of NSCLC.The ratio of IgG4/IgG gradually increased along with the development of NSCLC, while that of the other three IgG subclasses showed no significant changes as compared with that of the control group.Conclu-sion The imbalanced distribution of B-cell subtypes and the up-regulated ratio of IgG4/IgG were closely as-sociated with the development of NSCLC.This study paved the way for further investigation on more effective immune therapy strategies targeting NSCLC.

Background:Enteroids are considered to be the best tool for studies on intestinal epithelium in vitro and have a widely application prospects,however,there are no associated reports in China. Aims:To establish and optimize the culture technique for enteroids and provide a fantastic platform for the basic research of small intestinal epithelial cells in China. Methods:L-WRN cells were cultured routinely and the conditioned medium with different concentrations of fetal bovine serum(FBS)was collected. Six to eight weeks old C57BL/ 6 mice were sacrificed and 15 cm small intestine from the terminal ileum was removed and cut longitudinally. Crypts were digested with EDTA and then collected and embedded in Matrigel? Matrix;after polymerization of Matrigel? Matrix,L-WRN conditioned medium at different concentration gradient was added. The budding ratio and length of buds were measured dynamically under microscope. The enteroids were re-embedded for subculture when certain length of buds was reached. Results:Compared with L-WRN conditioned medium containing 20% FBS,the conditioned medium containing 10% FBS was more favorable for enteroids culture in vitro. When conditioned medium accounted for 10% ,15% ,20% ,25% or 30% of the mixed medium,they all promoted the growth of enteroids and the 15% one seemed to yield better result. Conclusions:An enteroids culture technique was successfully established for the first time in China. When the L-WRN conditioned medium containing 10% FBS accounts for 15% of the mixed medium,it might promote budding better than the others.

Objective To investigate the association between the presence of cerebral microbleeds and chronic kidney disease in patients with ischemic stroke.Methods Patients with ischemic stroke within 1-6 months were consecutively recruited.Cranial MRI was taken within two weeks after recruitment.Cerebral microbleeds were assessed using Microbleed Anatomical Rating Scale on gradient echo MRI.Demographics including sex,age and risk factors were obtained.Chronic kidney disease was defined and classified according to National Kidney Fundation-Kidney Disease Outcome Quality Initiative Guideline.Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) was estimated by using the abbreviated Modification of Diet in Renal Disease equation.Results Of the 636 patients included,mean age was (59.8 ± 10.1) years,435 (68.4％) were male.Sixty-six had decreased estimated GFR (eGFR; ＜ 60 ml · min-1 · 1.73 m-2).Two hundred and one (31.6％) patients had cerebral microbleeds,which were most commonly located in deep or infratentorial location (133/201,66.2％).The presence of cerebral microbleeds was much higher in patients with decreased eGFR than the others (48.5％ (32/66) vs 29.6％ (169/570),x2 =9.709,P =0.002).Age,history of hypertension and decreased eGFR were associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds in univariate analysis.In multivariate analysis,decreased eGFR was independently associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds in deep or infratentorial location (OR =1.457,95％ CI 1.044-2.034,P =0.027),but not associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds in pure lobe.Conclusion Impaired kidney function is associated with the presence of cerebral microbleeds in deep or infratentorial regions in patients with ischemic stroke.

Objective To propose a decision tree-based early warning model so as to predict the medical equipment quantity and quality under special conditions to quantize maintenance and detection staffs allocation,components supply,emergency planning and etc.Methods A data set was established based on the verification report,data on performance parameters detection and daily management log,and then underwent pretreatment.A decision tree came into being with the algorithms of ID3,CHAID and etc.The data rule corresponding to the decision tree was transformed into a series of early warning information.The model was verified by applying it to medical equipment usage management.Results The decision tree developed was applied to analyzing a vehicle-mounted water purifying device maintenance and usage records in some logistics support vehicle,and it's found the main factors contributing to the failures included migration distance along non-paved road,ambient temperature and service time.Conclusion The decision tree-based early warning model for medical equipment quantity and quality gains high feasibility and practical values.

: This paper introduced the experience of choice of materials, contents and teachings as well as the teachers construction in Neurorehabilitation.

Objective To investigate the incidence and risk factors of cerebral microbleeds(CMB) in ischemic stroke patients.Methods Patients with cerebral infarction for 1～6 months were recruited.Clinical data were recorded.MRI was reviewed blindly to determine the number of CMB and lacunar infarcts and the white matter lesions(WML).The independent risk factors of CMB were analyzed with the Logistic multivariable regression.Results 636 subjects were included.CMB were found in 250 cases(39.3%).The incidence of CMB in patients of ≤50,50～65 and >65 years old were 27.2%,38.1% and 47.6% respectively(P<0.05).CMB was more frequent in patients with more lacunar infarcts(P<0.05).The incidence of CMB in patients with negative,mild,moderate and severe WML were 21.9%,33.8%,46.9%and 63.1% respectively(P<0.05).Logistic regression analysis showed that history of hypertension(OR=1.523,95% CI 1.019～2.276),severity of WML(OR=1.535,95% CI 1.258～1.874) and lacunar infarcts(OR=1.517,95% CI 1.087～2.118) were the independent risk factors for presence of CMB.Conclusion CMB was frequent in ischemic stroke.The frequency of CMB increased with aging,grade of lacunar infarcts and WML.History of hypertension,severity of WML and lacunar infarcts were the independent risk factors for CMB presence.