ABSTRACT:Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria with a unique biphasic developmental cycle ,and have close rela‐tionships with human .Emerging Chlamydia species such as Chlamydia ibidis ,Chlamydia avium and Chlamydia gallinacea changed the chlamydial taxonomy .The biggest change is the abandon of genus Chlamydophilaand its previous six species were recombined into genus Chlamydia ,which in together with the emerging species ,expands genus Chlamydia to 12 species .This paper briefly reviewed the latest taxonomy of Chlamydiae and their identification methods ,which include the classical biological characteristics and physico‐chemical properties ,modern molecular genetics ,and the newly developed whole genome analysis . Presently ,molecular genetics methods ,including sequence analysis of 16S rRNA ,ompA and other Chlamydia‐specific genes , are commonly used for chlamydial identification .

Objective To study the expression of S100A8 and the relationship between S100A8 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods C3H/HeJ mice with TLR4 gene mutation (n =30) and C3H/HeN with normal TLR4 gene mice (n =30) were divided into 4 groups at random (random number),namely C3H/HeJ model group (n =18),C3H/HeJ control group (n =12),and C3H/HeN model group (n =18).C3H/HeN control group (n =12).Middle cerebral artery was occluded to make I/R model in mice by using thread embolism method.Brain tissues were collected after ischemia for one hour and reperfusion for 12 hours.Stroke outcome was evaluated by determination of infarct volume of brain tissue and assessment of neurological scores.And brain injury after cerebral I/R was observed by optical microscope after TTC and HE staining.The immunofluorescence technique and RT-PCR were used to determine the protein level and expression of S100A8 mRNA in damaged brain tissues.Results Compared with C3H/HeN model mice,TLR4-deficient model mice (C3H/ He J) had lower infarct volumes and better outcomes of neurological function after resuscitation for 12 hours.Compared with control groups,the expression of S100A8 mRNA and level of S100A8 protein increased greatly in damaged brain tissues of model mice after I/R injury.In addition,model mice with lacked TLR4 (C3H/HeJ) had lower expression of I/R-induced S100A8 mRNA than C3H/HeN mice in model group,indicating that the close relationship between the levels of S100A8 and TLR4.Conclusions S100A8 interaction with TLR4 might be involved in brain damage and in inflammation triggered by I/R injury.

In order to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in cerebrocardiac syndrome (CCS), the partial cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models in mice with different TLR4 genotypes were established in the present study. TLR4 wild-type (C3H/HeN) and mutant (C3H/HeJ) mice of 6-8 weeks of age were divided into 4 groups at random: C3H/HeN sham group (n=10), C3H/HeJ sham group (n=10), C3H/HeN model group (n=10) and C3H/HeJ model group (n=10). Partial cerebral I/R was caused by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to duplicate CCS models in mice. After the operation, the electrocardiogram (ECG), the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in myocardial tissue and the cardiac pathological changes were observed in each group. It was shown that the brain infarct volume in C3H/HeN model group was larger than that in C3H/HeJ model group (P<0.01). The ST segment change and T wave inversion occurred frequently in model groups. Moreover, the TNF-α level in C3H/HeN model group was higher than that in C3H/HeJ model group (P<0.01). The myocardial injury was aggravated in C3H/HeN group as compared with C3H/HeJ group. It was concluded that TLR4 was implicated in the development of CCS.

In recent years, the incidence of tic disorders has increased, and it is not uncommon for the patients to treat the disease. The pathogenesis and pathogenesis of Western medicine are not yet clear, the clinical commonly used western medicine has many adverse reactions, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research is increasingly valued. Based on the software of TCM inheritance assistant system, this paper discusses Ding Yuanqing's experience in treating tic disorder with Professor. Collect yuan Qing Ding professor in treating tic disorder of medical records by association rules Apriori algorithm, complex system entropy clustering without supervision and data mining method, carries on the analysis to the selected 800 prescriptions, to determine the frequency of use of prescription drugs, the association rules between the drug and digging out the 12 core combination and the first six new prescription, medication transferred to the liver and extinguish wind, cooling blood and relieving convulsion, Qingxin soothe the nerves, with the card cut, flexible application, strict compatibility.
Data Mining ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Tic Disorders ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

PKS gene was screened by PCR from thirty strains of spone-associated bacteria including twenty-one actinomycetes isolated from Craniella anstrialiensis and nine bacillus isolated from Dysidea avara in the South China Sea.As a result,a 669 bp KS domain gene was successfully amplified from Bacillus C89.BLAST analysis showed that the KS domains were most closely related to the KS sequences of Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis str.168 with 96% similarity.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the KS domain belong to trans-AT KS domains.This study demonstrated the existence of PKS gene in bacteria associated with sponge Dysidea avara for the first time,and provided proof for the hypothesis that sponge-associated bacteria are perhaps the true producers of many novel bioactive compounds in sponge.Meanwhile,this study lays a basis for the microbial screening for polyketide compounds production.

Objective To examine the relationship between premature ventricular contraction(PVC) and microvascular leakage in the myocardium due to microvascular contrast echocardiography(MCE). Methods Thirty eight rats were randomized into 5 groups: control, ultrasound exposure only, contrast agent only, real time MCE and trigger imaging MCE. Anesthetized rats with tail vein catheter were imaged in a 37℃ water bath at left ventricular parasternal short axis view. Optison was injected at a dosage of 5 ml/kg. Frequency was 1.7 MHz, MI= 1.7 and the depth of image at 10 cm. Results PVC was detected in all ultrasound exposure groups, together with petechial hemorrhages and Evans Blue leakage in the scan band. The triggered imaging showed worse effects than real time imaging. No PVC or microvascular leakage was noticed in controls or sham exposed rats. Conclusions Induction of PVC during contrast added echocardiography is associated with microvascular leakage.

It introduced the standardized management of graduate students' experimental records. On the basis of experimental records standardization, 3 level inspection system including tutors, departments and graduate school plays a very important role in setting up the good habit, getting more reliable experimental results and preventing the happening of misconduct in scientific research.

Objective To study the inner diameter and hemodynamics of ophthalmic artery(OA)and central retinal artery(CRA)in hyperuricemia by Enhance-flow(eFlow)imaging and spectral Doppler.Methods One hundred and one patients with hyperuricemia and 30 volunteers were selected,the inner diameter in eFlow imaging and the peak systolic velocities(PSV),the end diastolic velocities(EDV),the resistive index(RI)were measured,and pulsatility index(PI)of OA and CRA were measured by spectral Doppler.The 101 patients were divided into two groups according to the time of diagnosing hyperuricemia,one group had a diagnosis of hyperuricemia for more than five years and the other had such a diagnosis for less than five years.The data were compared by t-test.Then,the patients were further divided into a group of hyperuricemia combined with hypertension and the other without hypertension.The differences between the experimental group and the group of volunteers were carried out by One-way ANOVA,the comparison between two groups were analyzed with SNK.Results The RI(0.68±0.09)and PI(1.3±0.4)of OA in patients who were diagnosed as hyperuricemia for more than 5 years was higher[RI:0.63±0.09,PI:1.1±0.3(t=3.504,P=0.001 ;t=3.164,P=0.002)],the EDV[(6±3)cm/s]of OA was lower than those patients with a diagnosis of hyperuricemia for less than 5 years[(8±5)cm/s,t=1.988,P=0.049].The PSV[(11.5±3.5)cm/s]and EDV[(3.7±1.1)cm/s]of CRA in hyperuricemia combination hypertension group was lower,and the RI (0.88±1.40)was higher than hyperuricemia without hypertension group[PSV:(13.5±4.0)cm/s,EDV:(4.1±1.2)cm/s,RI:0.67±0.08].Conclusion By eFlow and spectral Doppler,we have found that hyperu-ricemia could accelerate OA and CRA atherosclerosis.The eFlow and spectral Doppler are valuable methods to study the hemodynamics in ophthalmic artery of patients with hyperuricemia.

Objective To investigate the clinicopathogenical significance of phosphorylation type of c-jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK)and muhidmg resistance protein P-glycopretein(P-gP),multidrug resistance proteinl(MRP1)and lung resistance protein(LRP)in gastric cancer. Methods The expression of p-JNK,P-gP,MRP1 and LRP was detected in a tissue microarray containing 168 spots of gastric cancer tissue and 27 spots of normal gastric tissue by immunohistochemistry.Results The positive expression rate of p-JNK,P-gp,MRP1 and LRP in gastric cancer wag 45.8%,51.8%,45.8%and 55.4%respectively,which Was significantly higher than that in normal gastric tissue(P＜0.05).The p-JNK expression correlated with depth of invasion(P＜0.01),histology grade(P＜0.05),vessel invasion (P＜0.01),lymph node metastasis and distant metastasis(P＜0.01).The expression of p-JNK,P-gp and MRP1 in a positive relationship(P＜0.05).Kaplan-Meier analysis revealed a significant impact on survival by p-JNK,P-gp and MRPl(P＜0.05). Conclusion The p-JNK expression in gastric cancer is correlated with malignant biological behavior and may be involved in the chemotherapeutic resistance by upregulating the expression of P-g[ and MRP1.

Objective To investigate the changes of insulin resistance and islet β cell function in gout patients with different status of glucose metabolism, and to analyse metabolic features in gout patients with hyperglycemia. Methods Ninety-six patients with gout were consecutively enrolled into the study and were divided into normal glucose tolerance group ( NGT, n = 35 ) , impaired glucose regulation group ( IGR, n = 27 ) , and diabetic group (DM, n=34). Height, weight, blood pressure, fasting plasma glucose, fasting insulin, HbA1C,serum uric acid, C-reactive protein (CRP), total cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides were determined in all subjects. Body mass index (BMI), homeostasis model assessment for insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR),homeostasis model assessment for β cell function index (HOMA-B), and insulin sensitivity index (ISI) were calculated. Results Compared with the NGT group, the levels of BMI, 2hPG, fasting insulin, HbA1C,TC,triglycerides, CRP, HOMA-IR in the DM and IGR groups were higher while ISI was lower (0.023±0.018 and 0.024±0.017 vs 0. 052±0. 026, P<0.05 ). HOMA-B was significantly different among the three groups ( 87.6±25. 1,126.46±34. 2, and 173.75±32.1, P<0.05). Family history of diabetes was more commonly seen in DM group than NGT group ( 41.17% vs 11.4%, P< 0.05 ). Logistic analysis showed that age, BMI, systolic blood pres(s)ure, triglyceride, CRP, and ISI were independently associated with diabetes, but not with uric acid.Conclusions Severe insulin resistance, β cell dysfunction, increased BMI and CRP, lipid disorders, and hereditary susceptibility may be the main metabolic features of gout patients with hyperglycemia.