ABSTRACT:Chlamydiae are obligate intracellular bacteria with a unique biphasic developmental cycle ,and have close rela‐tionships with human .Emerging Chlamydia species such as Chlamydia ibidis ,Chlamydia avium and Chlamydia gallinacea changed the chlamydial taxonomy .The biggest change is the abandon of genus Chlamydophilaand its previous six species were recombined into genus Chlamydia ,which in together with the emerging species ,expands genus Chlamydia to 12 species .This paper briefly reviewed the latest taxonomy of Chlamydiae and their identification methods ,which include the classical biological characteristics and physico‐chemical properties ,modern molecular genetics ,and the newly developed whole genome analysis . Presently ,molecular genetics methods ,including sequence analysis of 16S rRNA ,ompA and other Chlamydia‐specific genes , are commonly used for chlamydial identification .

Objective To study the expression of S100A8 and the relationship between S100A8 and Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury.Methods C3H/HeJ mice with TLR4 gene mutation (n =30) and C3H/HeN with normal TLR4 gene mice (n =30) were divided into 4 groups at random (random number),namely C3H/HeJ model group (n =18),C3H/HeJ control group (n =12),and C3H/HeN model group (n =18).C3H/HeN control group (n =12).Middle cerebral artery was occluded to make I/R model in mice by using thread embolism method.Brain tissues were collected after ischemia for one hour and reperfusion for 12 hours.Stroke outcome was evaluated by determination of infarct volume of brain tissue and assessment of neurological scores.And brain injury after cerebral I/R was observed by optical microscope after TTC and HE staining.The immunofluorescence technique and RT-PCR were used to determine the protein level and expression of S100A8 mRNA in damaged brain tissues.Results Compared with C3H/HeN model mice,TLR4-deficient model mice (C3H/ He J) had lower infarct volumes and better outcomes of neurological function after resuscitation for 12 hours.Compared with control groups,the expression of S100A8 mRNA and level of S100A8 protein increased greatly in damaged brain tissues of model mice after I/R injury.In addition,model mice with lacked TLR4 (C3H/HeJ) had lower expression of I/R-induced S100A8 mRNA than C3H/HeN mice in model group,indicating that the close relationship between the levels of S100A8 and TLR4.Conclusions S100A8 interaction with TLR4 might be involved in brain damage and in inflammation triggered by I/R injury.

In order to investigate the role of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) in cerebrocardiac syndrome (CCS), the partial cerebral ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) models in mice with different TLR4 genotypes were established in the present study. TLR4 wild-type (C3H/HeN) and mutant (C3H/HeJ) mice of 6-8 weeks of age were divided into 4 groups at random: C3H/HeN sham group (n=10), C3H/HeJ sham group (n=10), C3H/HeN model group (n=10) and C3H/HeJ model group (n=10). Partial cerebral I/R was caused by the middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) to duplicate CCS models in mice. After the operation, the electrocardiogram (ECG), the level of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in myocardial tissue and the cardiac pathological changes were observed in each group. It was shown that the brain infarct volume in C3H/HeN model group was larger than that in C3H/HeJ model group (P<0.01). The ST segment change and T wave inversion occurred frequently in model groups. Moreover, the TNF-α level in C3H/HeN model group was higher than that in C3H/HeJ model group (P<0.01). The myocardial injury was aggravated in C3H/HeN group as compared with C3H/HeJ group. It was concluded that TLR4 was implicated in the development of CCS.

In recent years, the incidence of tic disorders has increased, and it is not uncommon for the patients to treat the disease. The pathogenesis and pathogenesis of Western medicine are not yet clear, the clinical commonly used western medicine has many adverse reactions, traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) research is increasingly valued. Based on the software of TCM inheritance assistant system, this paper discusses Ding Yuanqing's experience in treating tic disorder with Professor. Collect yuan Qing Ding professor in treating tic disorder of medical records by association rules Apriori algorithm, complex system entropy clustering without supervision and data mining method, carries on the analysis to the selected 800 prescriptions, to determine the frequency of use of prescription drugs, the association rules between the drug and digging out the 12 core combination and the first six new prescription, medication transferred to the liver and extinguish wind, cooling blood and relieving convulsion, Qingxin soothe the nerves, with the card cut, flexible application, strict compatibility.
Data Mining ; Databases, Bibliographic ; Drug Prescriptions ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Tic Disorders ; drug therapy ; Treatment Outcome

OBJECTIVE:To determine the content of ceftazidime in renal dialysate effluent in burn patients.METHODS:HPLC was used.The sample was separated on Bondapak-C18 analysis column with a mobile phase of mixture of methanol-ammonium acetate(17∶83,V/V).The flow rate was 1.0ml/min.The UV detector wavelength was set at 254nm.RESULTS:A linearity was obtained from 0.5～100?g/ml with a good correlation(r=0.9 999).The RSDs of inter-day and intra-day precision were not more than 3.The average recovery was 100.30%.CONCLUSION:The method is simple,rapid and accurate.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of several methods in eliminating Mycoplasma contamination in cell culture of human hepatoma-derived cell line C3A. Methods PCR was performed to detect the Mycoplasmas contamination in cell cultures. The contaminated samples were treated by ciprofloxa-cin, heating, Plasmocure or co-culturing with macrophages. Transmission electron microscope ( TEM) and Q-PCR were used to comparatively analyze the cell morphology and gene expression before and after Plas-mocure treatment. Results Plasmocure succeeded in eliminating Mycoplasma contamination, while cipro-floxacin showed temporary efficacy. Heating and co-culturing with macrophages failed to eliminate Mycoplas-ma contamination. No Mycoplasma contamination in the Plasmocure-treated group was observed under TEM and the expression of ALB, TF and CYP3A4 genes were higher than the genes expressed in the contaminated group (P<0. 01). Conclusion Plasmocure treatment was effective in eliminating Mycoplasma contamina-tion in cell culture. Moreover, the cell morphology and gene expression in Plasmocure-treated group were re-stored to normal.

Objective To investigate the relationship between diastolic function of the left ventricle and common carotid artery (CCA) elasticity in patients with hypertension. Methods Forty-one primary hypertension patients and 31 healthy volunteers underwent echocardiography to obtain the indices of LV diastolic function and also echo tracking techniqne (ET) to obtain the CCA elasticity indices. The LV diastolic function indices included Ve (early diastolic peak velocity), Va (late diastolic peak velocity ), Ve/Va, Em (early diastolic mitral annular motive velicity), Am (late diastolic mitral annular motive velicity) and Em/Am. The indices of CCA elasticity included Ep (pressure-strain elasticity modulus), β(stiffness parameter), AC (arterial compliance), AI (augmentation index) and PWVβ (pulse wave velocity). Results Va was higher and Em, Ve/Va and Em/Am were lower in patients than that in the healthy , P＜0.05. Ep and PWVβ were higher in patients,P＜0.05. Am and Va were correlated positively with PWV β and Ep , respectively in patients, P＜0.05. Ve/Va was correlated positively with AC, and negatively with PWV β, P＜0.05 in patients. Em/Am was correlated negatively with β and PWV β in patients. Conclusions The LV diastolic function and common carotid artery elasticity were decreased in patients with hypertension. The decreased common carotid artery elasticity was along with the LV diastolic function decreased.

Abstract? AIM: To investigate changes of anterior chamber parameters after posterior chamber phakic implantable collamer lens ( ICL ) surgery and its correlation with intraocular pressure ( IOP) .?METHODS: This was a retrospective case series study. Seventy four eyes in 43 myopia patients were examined by Allegro Oculyzer anterior segment tomography to obtain the changes of anterior chamber volume ( ACV ) , anterior chamber angle ( ACA) , central anterior chamber depth ( ACD) and vault, meanwhile, to measure the IOP to analyze the correlation with anterior chamber parameters.?RESULTS: Compared with preoperative, ACV, ACA, ACD all decreased apparently ( P <0.01 ) in the postoperative period of 1, 3, and 6mo.ACV, ACA and ACD showed their stability in each period after the surgery.There were changes of vault in 1 and 6mo ( t=27.66, P=0.01).IOP had not altered when compared with the preoperative.This research revealed that IOP had no relation with ACV, ACA, ACD and vault in every phase( all P>0.05).?CONCLUSION:For patients underwent ICL, the anterior chamber parameters all decreased which included ACV, ACA, ACD, and had stabilized since early postoperative period. Correspondingly, IOP was stable and had not correlate with ACV, ACA, ACD and vault, however the long-term observation is still necessary.

PKS gene was screened by PCR from thirty strains of spone-associated bacteria including twenty-one actinomycetes isolated from Craniella anstrialiensis and nine bacillus isolated from Dysidea avara in the South China Sea.As a result,a 669 bp KS domain gene was successfully amplified from Bacillus C89.BLAST analysis showed that the KS domains were most closely related to the KS sequences of Bacillus subtilis subsp.subtilis str.168 with 96% similarity.Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated the KS domain belong to trans-AT KS domains.This study demonstrated the existence of PKS gene in bacteria associated with sponge Dysidea avara for the first time,and provided proof for the hypothesis that sponge-associated bacteria are perhaps the true producers of many novel bioactive compounds in sponge.Meanwhile,this study lays a basis for the microbial screening for polyketide compounds production.

Objective To examine the relationship between premature ventricular contraction(PVC) and microvascular leakage in the myocardium due to microvascular contrast echocardiography(MCE). Methods Thirty eight rats were randomized into 5 groups: control, ultrasound exposure only, contrast agent only, real time MCE and trigger imaging MCE. Anesthetized rats with tail vein catheter were imaged in a 37℃ water bath at left ventricular parasternal short axis view. Optison was injected at a dosage of 5 ml/kg. Frequency was 1.7 MHz, MI= 1.7 and the depth of image at 10 cm. Results PVC was detected in all ultrasound exposure groups, together with petechial hemorrhages and Evans Blue leakage in the scan band. The triggered imaging showed worse effects than real time imaging. No PVC or microvascular leakage was noticed in controls or sham exposed rats. Conclusions Induction of PVC during contrast added echocardiography is associated with microvascular leakage.