AIM:To improve the standard of quality control of Yiqi Zhixue Granule(Radix Codonopsis,Radix Astragali,Rhizoma Atractylodis macrocephalae,etc.) METHODS: In the prescription,both Radix codonopsis and Radix Astragali were identified by HPLC.Folium mahoniae was distinguished by TLC.Rhizoma Bletillae was authenticated by microscope.Morever,RP-HPLC method was adopted to determine the astragaloside content in the productions,using a column of C_(18),the column temperature was at 35(?C),acetonitrile-water(32∶68) as a mobile phase,he flow rate was 1.0 mL/min,and ELSD as detection in which the tube temperature was set at 102(?C) and the air flow was at 2.8 mL/min,the impactor was chosen off. RESULTS: The established identification methods were simple and proper,reflecting a good specificity,while the determination method was accurate and reliable,which showed the recovery of 97.95%,RSD=2.21%(n=9),the intermediate precision of RSD=2.67%(n=3),the robustness of RSD=3.67%(n=3) between columns,and the LOQ of 0.539 2 ?g,RSD=2.92%(n=5). CONCLUSION: The improved standard of quality control of Yiqi Zhixue Granule is not only practical but capable of effectively controlling the quality of the medicine as well.

Cystatin C (Cys C) is used to evaluate the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), renal function and thus reflects changes in endogenous marker. Cys C is not affected by gender, muscle mass, malignancy and its production rate is usually constant, making it one of ideal markes of GFR. This article focuses on clinical application and research of Cys C in a variety of renal diseases, especially in renal dysfunction at an early stage of clinical significance.

Objective To evaluate cerebral autoregulation in cerebral vascular disease using transeranial Doppler(TCD)-CO_2 test and head-upright tilt test(HUTT).Methods Thirty-two patients with occlusive cerebral vascular disease (group A),28 cerebral infarction patients without stenosis (group B), and 26 controls were included.Cerebrovascular reactivity was calculated in terms of the breath-holding index (BHI) and vascular motor reactivity (VMR) by TCD-CO_2 test.Changes of cerebral blood flow velocity (CBFV),blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR) were detected during HUTT to assess the cerebral pressure-autoregulation.Results Compared with controls,VMR decreased in group A and B,being 0.18?0.02,0.26?0.04 respectively,and so did BHI,being 0.76?0.15,1.05?0.15 respectively with significance(P

China ; Evidence-Based Practice ; HIV Infections ; prevention & control ; Humans

Standardization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM)term translation is the focus of TCM translation studies. Based on the Skopos theory and our interviews to 6 internationals, this paper aims to explore the purposes and principles of TCM term translation from the perspective of the client, the translator and the addressee. Finally, four fundamental principles of TCM term translation are summarized in order to provide references for the standardization of TCM term translation.

Objective This paper addresses the standardization of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) nomenclature translation and put forward suggestions through a comparative study on English translations of TCM terms for liver and gallbladder diseases.Method With the principle of standardization, the principle of correspondence, the principle of readability and the principle of nationalism as the possible criteria, translations of 8 TCM terms available in 7 publications at home and abroad are compared and analyzed.Results 5 of the 8 terms have at least two English versions. The principle of standardization and the principle of readability are violated more frequently than the other two.Conclusion The standardization of TCM nomenclature is progressing steadily.However, efforts are still necessary for translators to improve English language proficiency. The principle of standardization and the principle of readability need to be further enhanced.

Objective To investigate the risks of HBV infection among the spouses of HBV surface antigen (HBsAg)carriers and to find out effective control strategies on hepatitis B control and prevention .Methods To use case-control study(1∶2) including spouses of HBsAg carriers aged 18 -59 years-old from the nationwide sero-epidemiological survey for Hepatitis B in Chonqing province in 2005 ,and the spouses of the healthy(HBsAg negative persons)as the control groups ,adopt euzymelinked immunosor-bent assay(ELISA) to carry out the sero-epidemiological testing (HBsAg ,anti-HBc ,anti-HBs) for Hepatitis B .Results The posi-tive rate of HBsAgamong the spouses of HBsAg carriers (14 .8% ) was higher than the rate of spouse among the healthy (7 .5% ) , with difference statistically significant (P<0 .01) ,the positive rate of HBsAg in female spouse was uptrend as the marriage age grown ,multiple factor analysis found that the risks of HBV infection among the spouses were their spouse with HBsAg and without condom when the sexual behavior .Conclusion The spouses of HBsAg carriers have high risks of HBV .Premarital examinations , safety sexual behaviors with condom ,timely hepatitis B vaccination etc .are helpful for the spouses of HBsAg carriers free of hepati-tis B virus ,especially female spouses should insist on using condom when the sexual behavior because of them easier to be infected by the hepatitis B virus .

Objective This study was to explore a justifiable approach for the translation of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) terms in the light of Skopos Theory and thus to provide references to the standardization of TCM terms.Methods By exploring the source and development of a TCM term Bi,we studied its connotation,compared available English versions and decided on the choice version.Results The word arthralgia,obstruction or impediment was found to be the most frequently used word in 12 recognized publications,more frequent than the transliteration of Bi.Conclusion It is suggested that an accurate and a complete understanding of TCM terms and English expressions are required prior to translating so that the faithfulness and accuracy of the translation are maintained for the sake of optimal approximation.

Objective To study on the method of applying laparoseopy for the treatment of choledo cholithiasis after biliary tract operation, and to evaluate its therapeutic efficacy. Methods Thirty-seven cases of common bile duct stones after operation from October 1999 to December 2003, received laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) were retrospectively analyzed. Results Satisfactory results were accepted in 35 cases and the rest two cases converted to laparotomy. Thirty cases had got primary healing by the help of employing endoscopic nasobiliary drainage (ENBD) , 7 cases received T-tube drainage. There was neither residual stones left nor serious after-effect including biliary fistula and hemobilia happened. Mean operative time was ( 168 ?30. 2) min. Mean postoperative stay in hospital was (11.5?1.3) d. Recurrences of calculi and bile duct stricture never happened within 6-48 m follow-up study. Conclusion The laparoscopic procedure is technically feasible and safe alternative, however, the technique in lyses of adhesions, dissection and suture of choledochus are quite difficult, therefore it is recommended to be performed in experienced hands expected to minimize the occurrence of complications, and firmly mastered the indications of conversion to laparotomy as far as possible.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of laparoscopic and open operation combined with endoscopic nasobiliary drainage(ENBD) in the management of choledocholith. Methods 44 cases treated by laparoscopic common bile duct exploration (LCBDE) and 34 ones by open common bile duct exploration(OCBDE) combined with ENBD and primary suture of common bile duct were retrospectively analyzed from January 1997 to July 2001. Results All cases were operated on successfully. The clearance rate of stones was 100%(78/78). No postoperative complications such as bile leakage, hemobilia, cholangitis, etc occurred. Postoperative hospital stay was (6 2?1 3)days in group LCBDE and (7 4?2 1)days in group OCBDE. 57 cases had been followed up for (1～4 5)years with an average of 2 6 years, and ultrasoundgraphy showed no bile duct stricture and recurrent stones. Conclusions LCBDE or OCBDE combined with ENBD and primary suture of common bile duct is safe and reliable.