Language ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Terminology as Topic ; Translations

Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Translations

Objective To appraise the diagnosis value of pleural membrane biopsy on pleural effussion.Meth- ods 218 patients with pleural effusion who were had pleual menbrane biopsy were retrospectively analyzed.Among them 165 cases were done only once,42 cases were done twice,11 cases were done three times.They were done 271 times of biopsies.Results The pleural membrane biopsy always masculine gender rate was 72.0%,1 pleural mem- brane biopsy succeeds the masculine gender rate was 59.6%,after the masculine gender rate which 2 pleural mem- branes biopsies succeeds was 69.7%.The illness complication formation rate was 8.7%.Conclusion Pleural mem- brane biopsy is a simply,safe and higher diagnosing-rate method.The different spot pleural membrane biopsy may cnhance diagnosis rate.

Acute Disease ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Phytotherapy ; Stroke ; drug therapy

Based on the principles of the in vitro staining technique, hypotonic swelling test, and water test, the Eosin Y-water test method was developed to simultaneously detect the integrity of the sperm head and tail and sperm membrane structure and function. As a widely used method in clinical laboratories in China, the Eosin Y-water test is methodologically characterized by three advantages. Firstly, both the sperm head and tail can be detected at the same time, which allows easy and comprehensive assessment of membrane damage in different parts of sperm. Secondly, distilled water is used instead of the usual formula solution to simplify and standardize the test by eliminating any potential effects on the water molecules through the sperm membrane due to different osmotic pressure or different sugar proportions and electrolyte solutions. Thirdly, the test takes less time and thus can be repeated before and after treatment. This article focuses on the fundamental principles and modification of the Eosin Y-water test and its application in sperm function examination and routine semen analysis for male infertility, assessment of the quality of sperm retrieved by testicular fine needle aspiration, semen cryopreservation program development, and evaluation of sperm membrane integrity after microwave radiation.
Cell Membrane ; China ; Cryopreservation ; Eosine Yellowish-(YS) ; Fluorescent Dyes ; Humans ; Infertility, Male ; diagnosis ; Male ; Osmotic Pressure ; Semen Analysis ; methods ; Sperm Head ; Sperm Motility ; Sperm Tail ; Spermatozoa ; Staining and Labeling ; Water

Objective To investigate the prevalence of adult epileptic patients with interictal depression symptoms(IDs) and identify early predictors of IDs. Methods Adult patients with epilepsy were recruited ( n =110,45 females and 65 males) ,age between 16 and 67 years ( median 24 years). The sociodemographic and clinical factors of patients were recorded. Hamilton Depression Scale ( HAMD ) were applied to evaluate interictal symptoms of depression ( at least 72 hours after the last epileptic seizure). According to HAMD score,the epileptic patients were divided into IDs ( ≥8 ) and non-IDs(＜8) groups. The sociodemographic and clinical factors were compared between the two groups to identify the prevalence and early predictors of IDs in adult epileptic patients.Results The prevalence of IDs in adult patients with epilepsy was 38.2% ,49.0% in active epilepsy and 12.1 %in seizure freedom. 30.0% ,5.5% ,and 2.7% were experiencing mild-to-moderate (HAMD score≥8),moderateto-severe ( ≥ 18 ) and severe ( ≥25 ) depression. 42 patients who met the HAMD score≥8 were classified as IDs group,and the remaining 68 patients were classified as non-IDs group. With multiple stepwise backward logistic regreasion, independent predictors of IDs were epileptic seizures ( OR = 8. 845, P = 0. 003 ); symptomatic or cryprogenic epilepsy ( OR = 3.132, P = 0. 045 ); prolonged duration of illness ( OR = 1. 106, P = 0.004 ) and employment status (OR =0. 154, P=0.001 ). There were no relationship between seizure frequency and severity of IDs ( Kruskal-Wallis test, x2 = 4.5, P = 0. 104). Conclusion IDs is a frequent psychiatric comorbidity in adult patients with epilepsy. The prevalence of IDs is higher in those with active epilepsy compared with those in seizure freedom and most of them are mild-to-moderate. Epileptic seizure, symptomatic or cryprogenic epilepsy, prolonged duration of illness and employment status are independent predictors of IDs, but seizure frequency has nothing to do with the IDs severity of patients.

Objective To assess the neuropsychological characteristics in active epileptic patients and investigate itsrisk factors. Methods Ninety adult epileptic patients included 60 active epileptic patients (two or more unprovoked seizures within 12 months) and 30 age-, sex-, education-, course of disease- and seizure type-matched seizure-free subjects (without epileptic seizure for at least 1 year) . The neuropsychological tests including trail making test,digit symbol test, verbal fluency test,digit span test and hamilton depression scale( HAMD) ,were used to detect mental and motor speed, attention, language, working memory and depression symptoms respectively. The neuropsychological tests were compared between active and seizure-free epileptic patients and identified the risk factors of neuropsychological deficits in active epileptic patients. Results Compared to seizure-free subjects, active epileptic patients had significantly worse scores in digit symbol test, verbal fluency test, digit span test ((47.45 ±18. 812) vs(56.40 ±13. 631), (25. 25 ±8. 163) vs(30.40 ±8. 414), (10. 39 ±2. 228) vs( 11. 80 ± 2.074) respectively) ; more time to accomplish the trail making test A and B((64. 35 ±31.710) vs( 45. 47 ± 16. 309) , ( 133. 18 ± 47. 331 ) vs ( 98. 00 ± 35. 003 ) respectively) ; and higher scores in depressive symptoms ((9.12 ±6.219)vs(3.77 ±3.997) ,all P<0.05). Within active epileptic group,significant predictors of neuropsychological deficits were identified in a stepwise linear regression analysis: advancing age was significantly negatively correlated with digit symbol test(β = -0. 468, P = 0. 000) , digit span test (β = -0. 439, P = 0. 000), trail making test A (β =0.365, P = 0.003) and B(β = 0.346, P=0.002) ; higher scores on depressive symptoms was significantly negatively correlated with digit symbol test (β = -0.244, P = 0.015) ; mental work,high-education level and monotherapy were positively correlated with some of the cognitive function subscales. Conclusion This study suggests that active epilepsy can have a direct adverse effect on cognition and depression symptoms. Multi-drug therapy, severity of depression symptoms, advancing age, low-education level and non-mental work are the predictors of neuropsychological impairment in active epilepsy. In addition, good seizure control even after 1 year can have a beneficial impact on cognitive and depression prognosis.

The methods for aptamer selection have been modified and developed in recent years. Selection efficiency has been increased due to the improvement in separation of bound and unbound nucleic acids; applicability of aptamers has been improved due to the development of primer-free SELEX and the utilization of short oligonucleotide library; more research requirements have been satisfied due to the functional modifications of aptamer selection methods. All the methodological advances enhance the potential value of aptamers in basic researches and clinical applications.

[Abstract ] Objective High-mobility group box-1 (HMGB1) is abundantly released in the epileptogenic brain tissue , but few reports are seen about the effect of HMGB 1 on the expression of P-glycoprotein ( P-gp) in the vascular endothelial cells of the epi-leptogenic tissue .This study is to explore whether HMGB 1 can regulate P-gp expression in the brain microvascular endothelial cells of the mouse in vitro . Methods Immortalized brain microvascular endothelial bEnd .3 cells of the mouse were cultured in vitro and al-located to different concentration groups ( treated with culture medium containing 10 , 100 , 500 , and 1000 ng/mL HMGB1 for 8 hours), treatment duration groups (treated with culture medium containing 100 ng/mL HMGB1 for 4, 8, 16, 24, and 32 hours), and a control group ( treated with culture medium without HMGB 1 ) .The mRNA expression of P-gp-encoding gene-multidrug resistance gene 1a (mdr1a) was detected by real-time qPCR, and its protein expression determined by Western blot and immunocytochemistry . Results The results of qPCR manifested that the expressions of mdr 1a mRNA were 1.646 ±0.176, 1.777 ±0.135, 1.617 ±0.043, and 1.398 ±0.182 in the 10, 100, 500, and 1000 ng/mL HMGB1 groups, respectively, significantly higher than 1.030 ±0.284 in the control group (P<0.05), and so were those in the 4, 8, 16, 24 h, and 32 h groups (2.655 ±0.112, 2.168 ±0.212, 1.823 ± 0.232, 1.418 ±0.376, and 1.445 ±0.123) than in the control (1.010 ±0.164) (P <0.05).Western blot showed a significant increase in the P-gp protein expression in all the concentration groups (P<0.05) as well as in the 8 h and 16 h treatment duration groups as compared with the control group (P<0.05).Immunocytochemis-try also revealed a higher P-gp expression in the HMGB1-treated than in the control cells (P<0.01). Conclusion HMGB1 can upregu-late the expressions of mdr1a mRNA and P-gp protein in the brain microvascular endothelial cells of the mouse , which may associated with drug resistance of central nervous system diseases , especially that of epilepsy .

Objective To observe the roles of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1 o (HIF-1 α) in hippocampal neurodegeneration of status epilepticus (SE) rats, and explore whether HIF-1α activation is regulated by NF-κB.Methods A total of 110 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into seven groups : (1) Control group treated with saline (control, n =15), (2) sham group implanted cannula into lateral ventricle and treated with saline (sham, n =15), (3) SE group treated with pilocarpine (SE, n =20), (4) NF-κB activity inhibitor pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC) group treated only with PDTC (PDTC, n =15), (5) SE + PDTC group treated with pilocarpine plus PDTC (SE + PDTC, n =15), (6) SE + HIF-1o siRNA group implanted cannula into lateral ventricle and treated with pilocarpine plus HIF-1 α siRNA (SE + HIF-1α siRNA, n =15), (7) SE + control siRNA group implanted cannula into lateral ventricle and treated pilocarpine plus control siRNA (n =15).SE was induced by injecting lithium chloride and pilocarpine.The seizure of rats was observed.The protein expressions of NF-κB and HIF-1 α in hippocampus of rats were examined by Western blotting.The degenerating neurons in hippocampus were detected by Fluoro-Jade C (FJC) staining.Results Twenty-four hours after termination of SE, the nuclear protein expressions of NF-κB and HIF-1α in hippocampus of rats were increased in SE group (0.57 × 0.06, 0.47 ± 0.07) compared with those in control group (0.23 ± 0.03, 0.20 ± 0.03;P ＜0.05);and compared with SE group PDTC significantly decreased the nuclear protein expressions of NF-κB and HIF-1 α in SE + PDTC group (0.23 ± 0.03, 0.14 ± 0.03;P ＜ 0.05);in SE + PDTC group the numbers of FJC positive cells in CA1 area (28.33 ±5.03) were decreased compared with that in SE group (76.67 ± 13.32);HIF-1 o siRNA injected into lateral ventricle of rats significantly decreased the expression of HIF-1α in hippocampus (0.22 ±0.03) and the number of FJC positive cell in CA1 area (27.34 ±7.02) in SE + HIF-1α siRNA group compared with those in SE group (0.39 ±0.06, 76.67 ± 13.32;P ＜0.05).Conclusions These data suggest that SE can result in activation of NF-κB/HIF-1o pathway in brain.Inhibition of the pathway can attenuate hippocampal neurodegeneration caused by SE, which has the brain protective effect.