Adult ; Cholesteatoma ; congenital ; Female ; Humans ; Temporal Bone

Foodbome viruses are defined to be viruses that can lead to human diseases through food. In accordance with the different origin, foodborne viruses can be divided into two kinds: intestinal viruses and zoonotic viruses. The former include those viruses that can be transmitted to person via fecal-orally route. The latter include those zoonotic viruses that chiefly transmitted to person through livestock and poultry products. This paper expounds foodborne viruses categories, biology nature, epidemiology character, and study circumstance, and clarifies the molecular biological methods and problems on the base of the polymerase chain reactions, and presents the development direction and application perspective of the foodbome viruses study.

AIM: To investigate the early changes of retinal function in diabetic patients detected by multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG).METHODS: The first-order kernel responses of mfERG were recorded from eyes of 33 normal control subjects,63 diabetic patients without retinopathy and 43 diabetic patients with background retinopathy. The response densities and implicit times of N1 and P1 were compared among the control, diabetic patients without retinopathy and diabetic patients with retinopathy.RESULTS: The response densities of N1 and P1 in central 3 rings were reduced significantly in diabetic eyes with and without retinopathy. And the implicit times of N1 and P1 were delayed significantly only in diabetic eyes with retinopathy.CONCLUSION: mfERG can detect the early changes of retinal function quantitatively in diabetic patients. Analysis of response densities and implicit times of N1 and P1 can reflect the progress of local retinal dysfunction in diabetes.

To determine the optimum conditions of supercritical CO2 extraction of Xiaoyaosan, and establish its fingerprint by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), the yield of extract were investigated, an orthogonal test was used to quantify the effects of extraction temperature, pressure, CO2 flow rate and time, and fingerprint analysis of different batches of extracts were by GC-MS. The optimal extraction conditions were determined as follows: extraction pressure 20 MPa, extraction temperature 50 degrees C, CO2 flow rate 25 kg x h(-1), extraction time 3 h, and average yield 2.2%. The GC-MS fingerprint was established and 27 common peaks were found, whose contents add up to 81.89% of the total peak area. Among them, 21 compounds were identified, accounting for 53.20% of the total extract. The extraction process is reasonable and favorable for industrial production. The GC-MS method is accurate, reliable, reproducible, and can be used for quality control of supercritical CO2 extract from Xiaoyaosan.
Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Chromatography, Supercritical Fluid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Norovirus ; chemistry ; Receptors, Virus ; physiology ; Viral Structural Proteins ; chemistry ; immunology ; Viral Vaccines ; immunology

Background Hypoxia is a crucial factor of neovascularization.Many researches found that stromal cell-derived factor-1 (SDF-1) and integrin-linked kinase (ILK) play an important role in the neovascular disease.However,effect of SDF-1 and ILK in eye neovascular disease is below understood.Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hypoxia on the expressions of SDF-1 and ILK in cultured retinal pigment epithelium(RPE) cells in vitro.Methods RPE tissue was isolated from 4-week-old C57BL/6 mouse and was digested and cultured in DMEM/F12 with 10％ fetal bovine serum (FBS).The cells with 80％ confluence were collected and passaged.The third generation of cells were identified with cytokeratin 18 (CK18) antibody by immunochemistry.The cells were inoculated at the density of 5×104 cells/ml to free-serum DMEM/F12 for 24 hours and then were cultured in regular medium in the normoxic control group.RPE cells were cultured for 1 hour and 3,6,12,24,48,72 hours with 200 μmol/L CoCl2 in the hypoxia group.Reverse transcription-PCR(RT-PCR) was used to evaluate the expressing change of SDF-1 mRNA and ILK mRNA in RPE cells,and Western blot was used to assay the expressing change of SDF-1 protein and ILK protein in RPE cells in different time points.The detected outcomes were represented as the ratio of target gene A value/β-actin A value.Results Cultured cells showed the polygon in shape with the black pigment granules in cytoplasm.Over 90％ cells were positive response for CK18.Expressions of the SDF-1 mRNA and ILK mRNA were increased in different time points after CoCl2 co-cultured(SDF-1 mRNA:F=281.875,P=0.000 ;ILK mRNA: F=187.566,P=0.000),with the highest expressing value in hypoxia at 12 hours.No significant change in the expression of SDF-1 mRNA and protein was found 1 hour after CoCl2 co-cultured,but expressions of SDF-1 mRNA and ILK mRNA were significantly higher in 3,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours than the normoxic control group(P＜0.01).The expressions of SDF-1 protein and ILK protein were gradually ascended with the time increase of CoCl2 co-culture,showing a significant difference among different time points(SDF-1: F=44.719,P =0.000 ; ILK: F =144.481,P =0.000),and the up-regulation of SDF-1 protein and ILK protein expression was seen mainly in 3,6,12,24,48 and 72 hours after CoCl2 co-cultured in comparison with the normoxic control group (P＜0.01).Conclusions SDF-1 and ILK are involved in the hypoxic response of RPE cells and may play a potential role in ischemic/hypoxic retinopathy.

Objective To study the adsorption performance of chitosan in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment.Methods The influence factors such as chitosan concentrations(0-500 mg/L),pH value(1-13),temperatures(20-50 ℃)and time(0.5-2.5 h) were considered in the test.Results When the concentration of chitosan was 200 mg/L,pH value was 2-5,time was 0.5 h and at the room temperature,the absorption could show a good result.The deeolorizing rate could reach above 90%.Conclusion The chitosan concentrations,pH value,time and temperature affect the adsorption performance of chitosan in printing and dyeing wastewater treatment.

Enhancing medical students' humane quality education is an urgent requirement for modem medical mode transformation for medical education.The pharmacology teachers of Chongqing Medical University follow the modem education concepts and fully search the human spirit materials hidden in pharmacology,then actively explore how to integrate the humanity spirit education into the pharmacology teaching to achieve the changes of from exam-oriented education to quality education.

The tail suspension test (TST), forced swimming test (FST) and chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) model were used to evaluate the anti-depressant effect of supercritical CO2 extract from Compound Chaigui Fang (FFCGF). A nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based metabonomics combined with multivariate statistical analysis was performed to explore the mechanism of FFCGF. Rats were conducted by CUMS procedure for 28 days and drugs were administrated at the same time. The body weight, sucrose preference, crossings and rearings in open-field tests were evaluated and the urine was collected simultaneously. The metabonomic profiles of rats' urine were analyzed by NMR and potential biomarkers were searched by multivariate statistical analysis. The results showed that administration of FFCGF significantly decreasing the immobility time in FST and TST and improving rats' body weight, sucrose preference, crossings and rearings in CUMS, which were indication that the anti-depressant effect of FFCGF was abvious. Significant differences in the metabolic profile of the CUMS treated group and the control group were observed, which were consistent with the results of behavioral tests. Decreased levels of acetic acid, succinic acid, 2-oxidation glutaric acid and citric acid and increased glycine and pyruvic acid in urine were significantly affected by the CUMS procedure and the 6 biomarkers were reversed evidently after administration of FFCGF. These changes were suggestion that the anti-depressant mechanism of FFCGF was associated with energy metabolism, lipid metabolism and amino acid metabolism.
Animals ; Antidepressive Agents ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Behavior, Animal ; drug effects ; Body Weight ; Carbon Dioxide ; chemistry ; Depression ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; isolation & purification ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice

OBJECTIVETo explore the analgesic mechanism of small knife needle for treating transverse process syndrome of the third vertebra (TPSTV) by observing peripheral and central changesof β-endorphin (β-EP) and enkephalin (ENK) contents.

METHODSTotally 30 Japanese white big-ear rabbits of clean grade were divided into 5 groups according to random digit table, i.e., the normal control group, the model group, the small knife needle group, the electroacupunture (EA) group, and the small knife needle plus EA group, 6 in each group. The TPSTV model was established by inserting a piece of gelatin sponge into the left transverse process of 3rd lumbar vertebrae. Rabbits in the small knife needlegroup were intervened by small knife needle. Those in the EA group were intervened by EA at bilateralWeizhong (BL40). Those in the small knife needle plus EA group were intervened by small knife needleand EA at bilateral Weizhong (BL40). Contents of β-EP and ENK in plasma, muscle, spinal cord, and hypothalamus were determined after sample collection at day 28 after modeling.

RESULTSCompared with the normal control group, contents of β-EP and ENK in plasma and muscle increased significantly, and contents of β-EP and ENK in spinal cord and hypothalamus decreased significantly in the model group (P < 0.05, P < 0.01). Contents of β-EP and ENK approximated normal levels in the three treatment groups after respective treatment. Compared with the model group, the content of β-EP in muscle decreased, and contents of β-EP and ENK in hypothalamus increased in the three treatment groups after respective treatment (P < 0.05). There were no significant difference among the three treatment groups (P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONSSmall knife needle treatment and EA had benign regulation on peripheral and central β-EP and ENK in TPSTV rabbits. Small knife needle treatment showed better effect than that of EA.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Electroacupuncture ; Enkephalins ; metabolism ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Lumbar Vertebrae ; pathology ; Muscle, Skeletal ; metabolism ; Needles ; Rabbits ; Random Allocation ; Spinal Cord ; metabolism ; Spinal Diseases ; therapy ; beta-Endorphin ; metabolism