Objective To analyze the clinical data,radiological and pathological features of breast cancer which were understated by image,and summarize the causes.Methods The clinical features,radiological features and pathological data of 26 cases of breast cancer were retrospectively analyzed.The preoperative ultrasound and mammography BI-RADS grades of these 26 cases were both ≤ 3,and they were confirmed to be breast cancer by pathology.The clinical and pathological data of 1224 cases of breast cancer in the same period were compared.Results For the 26 cases,100％ were early breast cancer,100％ were HER2 negative breast cancer,and only 1 case had lymph node metastasis.26％ were special type of breast cancer.Mammography showed glandular multi type,and ultrasound showed atypical or typical benign features.Conclusions Breast cancer understated by image shows features of young age,early stage,well differentiated,low malignant degree,not easy to be visualized by mammography,and their ultrasound features are usually atypical.In clinical setting,analysis of the ultrasound and mammography images should be combined with other examination,to decrease misdiagnosis rate.

Objective To analyze the clinical and pathological features of breast cancer in patients over 80 years old, to discuss the individualized treatment plan and further to provide foundation for clinical treatment . Methods Data of 58 breast cancer patients over 80 years old were retrospectively analyzed .They were treated from Jun.2008 to May.2014 and the diagnosis was confirmed by pathology after surgery .They were followed up by telephone.Results Among the 58 cases, invasive cancer accounted for 94.8%(55/58), in which triple-negative breast cancer accounted for 29.1%(16/55), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER2)pos-itive breast cancer accounted for 7.2%( 4/55 ) .Stage III breast cancer accounted for 24%( 14/58 ) .67.2%(39/58)patients underwent breast resection , 55.2%(32/58)patients underwent axillary treatment , 17.2%(10/58)patients received chemotherapy , and 51.7%(30/58) patients received endocrine therapy .Seven cases had recurrence and 3 cases died of the disease .Conclusions Breast cancer in elderly patients has its special clinical and pathological features .It has longer course , relatively late stage , and more complications .It has higher pro-portion of triple-negative breast cancer and lower proportion of positive HER 2.Elderly breast cancer patients are less tolerant to chemotherapy , thus surgery and endocrine therapy are the main treatment .

Brown-Sequard Syndrome ; etiology ; Cervical Vertebrae ; Humans ; Intervertebral Disc Displacement ; complications ; surgery ; Male ; Middle Aged

Objective To assess the value of endorectal elastography in the diagnosis of malignant rectal adenoma. Methods Sixty patients referred to the department of basic surgery of Peking Union Medical College Hospital for the evaluation of rectal adenoma from January 2011 to May 2013 were included in this prospective cohort. All patients underwent elasticity score (ES) and strain ratio(SR) examine before operation. To evaluate the reproducibility of the strain-ratio measurements, the intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) was calculated. Compared with final operational pathological results,the diagnostic values of elasticity score and strain ratio method were assessed. Results Histopathological result showed there were 20 adenomas and 40 adenocarcinomas. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of ERUS was 68%(27/40), 40%(8/20), 58%(35/60), 69%(27/39), 38%(8/21), respectively. The sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of elasticity score was 85%(34/40), 70%(14/20), 80%(48/60), 85%(34/40), 70%(14/20), respectively. The SR of adenocarcinomas was significantly higher than that of adenomas(2.82±1.81 vs 1.23±0.57, t=3.333, P < 0.05). The differences among the SR of benign adenoma, benign adenoma with severe atypical hyperplasia and completely malignant lesions were statistically significant (1.26±0.84 vs 2.94±1.95, 1.42±0.55 vs 2.94±1.95, t=2.619, 2.415, P=0.013, 0.021). When 1.240 was chosen as the best cut-off value of SR, the sensitivity, specificity, accuracy, positive predictive value and negative predictive value of strain ratio was 82%(33/40), 75%(15/20), 80%(48/60), 87%(33/38), 68%(15/22), respectively. Conclusion Endorectal elasotgraphy can accurately diagnose the malignant rectal adenoma, which can provide reliable preoperative imaging evidence for clinical operation mode.

Objective To investigate the morphological changes of the head,body and tail of the hippocampus in patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD).Methods Totally 30 AD (AD group),30 mild cognition impairment (MCI) patients (MCI group) and 30 normal old persons (normal control group) underwent brain MR scan.Based on the MR images,the head,body and tail of the hippocampus were segmented and the volume was measured.The difference of the volume in total,head,body and tail of hippocampus in AD group,MCI group and normal control group were compared.The correlation between hippocampal volume and the scores of neurological assessment scale was analyzed.Results The left total,head,body and tail volume were greater than those of the right side in 3 groups (all P＜0.05).For the comparison of total volume of left and right sides among the 3 groups,AD group was less than normal control group (both P＜0.01) and MCI group (both P＜0.05),MCI group was less than normal control group (both P＜0.05).Compared with the normal control group,the head,body and tail volume of hippocampus of both sides were decreased in AD group (all P＜0.05) and the volume of left head,body and right head of hippocampus in MCI group were decreased (all P＜0.05).Both sides hippocampus's head and body volume of AD group were less than those of MCI group (both P＜0.05).The scores of minimum mental state examination (MMSE) were positively correlated with the total and the head,body,tail volume of bilateral hippocampus.Except volume of left tail,there were negative correlations between the scores of activities of daily living (ADL),clinical dementia rating (CDR) and the volume of total and head,body,tail of bilateral hippocampus,which were positively correlated with Montreal cognitive assessment (MoCA) score.Conclusion The volume of bilateral hippocampus was significantly reduced in AD patients.The head of hippocampal volume was significantly reduced and the body and tail was not obvious.

The objective of the study is to predict the spatial structure and B‐cell epitopes of Mycoplasma suis ORF5 pro‐tein .The secondary structure ,hydrophilicity ,flexible region ,antigenic index and surface probability were analyzed and predic‐ted by the Protean module in DNAStar software and B Cell Epitope Prediction Tools of IDEB ,then B‐cell epitopes were predic‐ted by aggregate analysis .Results showed that the secondary structure of Mycoplasma suis ORF5 protein was relatively regu‐lar ,in which the potential B cell antigenic epitopes were located at GGVDGGRD ,GMRLPEDSR ,and EGHPDLESAR .The methods of prediction of the secondary structure and B‐cell epitopes of Mycoplasma suis ORF5 protein may provide a new method for the study of M .suis immunogenicity ,and provides a new idea for the study on immunogenicity of pathogenic micro‐organisms .

Objective To evaluate postprandial pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two preparations of cefdinir capsules in Chinese healthy volunteers. Methods In a two-way cross-over study, 24 healthy male volunteers were divided into two groups randomly and a single dose of cefdinir capsules of test and reference preparation were administered orally, respectively.The concentration in plasma was determined by LC-MS/MS. Pharmacokinetic parameters and bioequivalence were calculated and evaluated by DAS. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of test and reference were as follows: AUCt (4.35±1.09) μg??h??mL-1 and (4.12±1.22) μg??h??mL-1, AUC0-∞(4.53±1.12) and (4.53±1.73) μg??h??mL-1, t1/2 (1.74±0.29) h and (2.13±1.65) h, tmax(4.44±0.86) h and (4.54 ±1.16) h, Cmax(900±250) ng??mL-1 and (876±269) ng??mL-1 . Conclusion The test and reference preparation of cefdinir capsules are bioequivalent.

Objective To establish a CVS-11 pseudovirus particles ( pp)-based assay for detec-tion of neutralizing antibody against rabies virus. Methods An improved rapid fluorescence focus inhibition test ( RFFIT) for detection of neutralizing antibody against rabies virus ( RVNA) was established based on the CVS-11 pseudovirus expressing a luciferase reporter gene. Forty-six human serum samples were analyzed with the improved RFFIT and the results were compared with those by using standard RFFIT. Moreover, the improved RFFIT was used to detect the titers of RVNA in 91 serum samples collected from pet dogs and pet-breeders in Beijing. Results The coincidence rate of the improved RFFIT and the standard RFFIT was 100% regarding to the analysis of 46 human serum samples and 5 negative reference serum samples. Moreo-ver, the RVNA titers of all serum samples obtained with CVS-11 pseudovirus-based assay showed a signifi-cant high correlation with those obtained with standard RFFIT (n=46, r=0. 94, P<0. 000 1). All of the 91 serum samples collected from pet dogs and pet-breeders in Beijing were positive for RVNA as indicated by the improved RFFIT with a mean titer of 33. 01 IU/ml. Conclusion We established an improved RFFIT based on the CVS-11 pp expressing luciferase reporter gene, which might be used as a reliable alternative RFFIT for measuring RVNA titer. Analysis of the 91 serum samples collected in Beijing with the improved RFFIT showed that all samples were positive for RVNA.

Objective To provide a basis for humanity education in the university by a survey of clinical graduates' recognition of humanity education and humanity curriculum. Method An anony-mous questionnaire was adopted and 514 questionnaires were distributed to the 2014 clinical gradu-ates in Peking University Health Science Center about their understanding of humanity education and humanity curriculum. The investigation data was double entried in Epidata 3.1, apply SPSS 19.0 to make the descriptive analysis, chi-square test. Results 69.3% (167/241) students believed humanity education enhanced their professionalism and competency;52.7%(127/241) students believed humanity education enhanced their doctor-patient communication; 36.4% (174/478) students believed their hu-manity knowledge came from their instructors' personal example and teaching;31.1%(149/479) students said the best way of humanity education was through social practice;59.7%(286/479) students consid-ered the combination of classroom lecturing and discussion as the best way to humanity education. As to the major weaknesses in humanities education, 46.9%(113/241) students chose insufficient curriculum, 23.2%(56/241) chose lack of practical value and 23.7%(57/241) chose monotonous teaching methods;Conclusion The best approach to humanities teaching is to combine class lecture with class discus-sion. Besides, hidden curriculum also contributes to humanity education. The enhancement of clinical graduates education relies heavily on humanity education and its emphasis should be laid on the training of humanity teachers, the study of humanity curriculum and learning from other universities.

Objective To evaluate the value of echo‐contrast RT‐3DE for assessment of left ventricular volume and function in patients with left ventricular non‐compaction(LVNC) .Methods Twenty‐one patients of LVNC were involved and underwent non‐enhanced and contrast‐enhanced RT‐3DE to evaluate left ventricular end‐diastolic volume (LVEDV) ,left ventricular end‐systolic volume (LVESV) ,left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) .The endocardial border definition of LV was graded for each of the 16 LV segments as follows :0 = border invisible ,1 = border visualized only partially ,and 2 = complete visualization of the border .Three image‐quality groups (good ,fair ,and uninterpretable) were identified . Results ①Duringcontrast‐enhancedRT‐3DE,ascomparedwithnon‐enhancedRT‐3DE,thenumberof segments with complete visualization of the endocardial border increased significantly (55% vs 82% ,P <0.01) ,and the number of patients with a good‐quality echocardiogram increased significantly (33% vs 81% , P <0.01) .②Contrast‐enhanced RT‐3DE provided significantly larger values of LVEDV ( P < 0 0.1) and LVESV ( P < 0 0.1) as compared with non‐enhanced RT‐3DE ,the values of LVEF were not statistically different between the two techniques ( P =0.07) .③Intra‐and inter‐observer agreement for assessment of LV volumes and systolic function improved during contrast‐enhanced RT‐3DE ,as compared with non‐enhanced RT‐3DE .Conclusions Contrast‐enhanced RT‐3DE can increase the prevalence of good‐quality echocardiograms and significantly improve the reproducibility of LV volumes and function measurements .