Objective To analyze the relevance between the nursing students′ sense of life meaning and death attitudes. Methods 181 nursing students were surveyed with the Purpose In Life Test (PIL) and Death Attitude Profile-Revised (DAP-R), and then did the relevant statistical analysis. Results The nursing undergraduates′overall average of PIL was (91.45 ± 10.54) points, and the neutral acceptance death attitude got the highest scores which were 24.14 ± 5.78, while escape acceptance got the lowest scores which were 11.76 ± 3.61. And there was a significant negative correlation (r =-0.257, P <0.05) between the sense of life meaning and death attitudes. Conclusions There was a significant negative correlation between the sense of life meaning and death attitudes, the more sense of life meaning was, the more positive attitudes toward death would be. So it′s of great importance to provide life-and-death education to improve the nursing students′sense of life meaning and death attitudes.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Middle Aged ; Prurigo ; therapy

Background It is well known that sclera remodeling occurs during axial elongation in myopia under the control of growth hormone or its downstream effectors.The role of transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) in myopia has been determined in previous studies.Bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) is one of members of the TGF-β superfamily,but if it plays an important role in the genesis and development of myopia is not completely clear.Objective This study was to identify the presence of BMPs in normal guinea pigs sclera and investigate the change of BMPs in the sclera in form-deprivation myopia (FDM) of guinea pigs.Methods Thirty young guinea pigs were randomized into normal control group and experimental group using table of random number.FDM models were established by occluding unilateral eyes of guinea pigs with a translucent lens for 14 days in the experimental group,and the fellow eyes served as the controls.Diopter of all eyes was tested by retinoscopy optometry,and ocular axial length was measured by A-sonography before and after modeling.Posterior sclera tissue of the animals was obtained on 14 days,and the relative expression level of BMPs mRNA and protein were assayed by reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) and Western blot.The use and care of the animals complied with ARVO Statement.Results On 14 days after occluding of unilateral eyes,the refraction diopter of the experimental group was (-0.48±0.51) D,and that of the fellow eyes was (3.22 ±0.34) D,showing a significant difference between them (t =-12.814,P =0.000).Also,a significant difference in the diopter was seen between the experimental group and normal control group ([-0.48±0.51]D vs.[2.97±0.70]D,t =-11.878,P=0.000).Axial length was (8.30 ± 0.05) mm in the experimental group,(8.11 ±0.06) mm in the fellow eyes and (8.06±0.06) mm in the normal control group,showing a significant increase in the experimental group compared with the fellow eyes and normal control group (t =7.230,P =0.000 ; t =9.084,P=0.000).The expressions of BMP-2 mRNA,BMP-4 mRNA,BMP-5 mRNA in posterior sclera were detected in the normal guinea pigs.Fourteen days after the induction of myopia,the relative levels of BMP-2 mRNA and BMP-5 mRNA in sclera were 0.41 ± 0.11 and 0.65 ± 0.06 in the experimental eyes,which were significantly lower than 0.62 ± 0.07 and 0.84 ± 0.03 in the fellow eyes with the descent range of 34.48％ and 23.67％ respectively (t=2.838,P=0.017; t=2.524,P=0.028).The relative values of BMP-2 protein and BMP-5 protein were 0.44±0.06 and 0.70±0.05 in the experimental eyes,and those of the fellow eyes were 0.61±0.05 and 0.82±0.03,showing significant decline in the experimental eyes with the lowing range of 23.42％ and 15.21％,respectively (t =2.465,P =0.030;t =2.445,P=0.031).No significant differences were found in the expression of BMP-4 mRNA and protein in posterior sclera between the experimental eyes and the normal control eyes (mRNA:t =0.704,P=0.460;protein:t=0.987,P=0.365).Conclusions The expressions of the BMP-2 and BMP-5 in sclera down-regulate significantly in FDM eyes,which suggest that BMP-2 and BMP-5 participate in sclera remodeling during myopia induction.

Erythromelalgia ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Mercury Poisoning ; complications ; Middle Aged

Objective To evaluate the reproducibility of quality intima-media thickness(QIMT) and quality arterial stiffness (QAS) technique in assessment of carotid under different measuring methods.Methods Between December 2012 and January 2014,carotid QIMT and QAS examinations were carried out in 30 health volunteers.QIMT and QAS indicators included IMT in QIMT and distensibility coefficient (DC),compliance coefficient(CC),stiffness index α(α),stiffness index β(β),pulse wave velocity(PWV) in QAS.The measurement employed unilateral/once,bilateral/twice,and unilateral/twice methods.Using intra observer and inter-observer variability,the reproducibility was compared between different QIMT and QAS indicators and measuring methods.Results Extremely high level of intra-observer reproducibility was found for both QIMT and QAS technique (ICC＞0.8).QIMT also showed an excellent inter observer reproducibility (ICC＞0.8).In contrast,the reproducibility of QAS technique varied in different indicators (PWV ＞ β ≈ α ＞ CC ＞ DC) and method ( unilateral/once ＞ bilateral/twice ＞ unilateral/twice).Conclusions QIMT measurement was highly reproducible.Whereas the reproducibility of QAS technique varied in different indicators and methods.Due to low reproducibility,the study result did not support the clinical application of DC indicator and unilateral/once method.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of sweep pattern visual evoked potential in assessing visual acuity (SPVEP-A)of amblyopic children.Design Prospective clinical study.Participants 80 patients(148 case)of amblyopic children and 26 children(52 case)with normal vision.Methods The correlation were analysed of SPVEP-A and E acuity in 80 amblyopic children and of SPVEP-A and PVEP-A in 26 children of normal visual.SPVEP-A was recorded with UTAS-E 3000(LKC)using gratings of 25 differ- ent spatial frequency from 0.2 to 18.8cpd as stimulus.The response were averaged and DFT on the monitor display.SPVEP-A was de- termined by extrapolate to 0 response amplitude.Both transient PVEP-A and SPVEP-A were examined in 26 normal children.The ob- jective visual acuity in PVEP were determined with the highest spatial frequency which evoked a recognizable response.Main Out- come Measures SPVEP-A,PVEP-A and E acuity.Results SPVEP-A were from 0.35 to 0.9 among 80 patients with corrected E acu- ity from 0.1 to 0.8.The correlation coefficient of SVEP-A-I with E acuity was 0.602 .The correlation coefficient of SPVEP-A.between reproducibility detection was 0.448.The correlation between SPVEP-A and E acuity in amblyopic slightly was higher than middle and severe amblyopia(r=0.773 vs r=0.590).In 26 normal children a correlation coefficient of 0.679 was obtained between E acuity anti PVEP-A but 0.424 between E acuity and SPVEP-A.Higher evaluation or lower evaluation of E acuity was found in SPVEP-A in this study.Acuity was upostimated in lower scope of E acuity and underestimated in higher scope of E acuity.The reproducibility and vari- ation were not satisified.Conclusion The sweep VEP is a objective method of amblyopic screening.There is significant positive corre- lation between SPVEP-A and E,but its variability is more great,so we should improve its stability and positive rate uheriorly.

Objective To investigate the safety and efficiency of large-dose alcohol sclerotherapy in treating simple hepatic cyst. Methods Patients with hepatic cyst were divided into two groups. One group with 49 patients was treated with small-dose (<80 ml) absolute alcohol instillation. The other one with 32 patients was treated with large-dose (≥80 ml) absolute alcohol instillation. Blood alcohol concentration (BAC) was recorded right after and 30 rain, 1 h,2 h,3 h after the treatment. Diameter of cyst as a parameter of efficiency was recorded and compared between two groups during 1 year follow-up visit. Results Large-dose group was significantly more efficient in treating hepatic cyst than small-dose group. All BAC records were within the safe range and below the legal limit after drinking. BAC reached its peak 30 minutes after the treatment began and then decreased gradually. A significant correlation was found between BAC and the alcohol dosage. Conclusions Ultrasound-guided sclerotherapy with repeated large-dose absolute alcohol instillation is a safe and efficient treatment for simple hepatic cyst from the perspective of BAC.

Objective To investigate the changes of the constitution and its ratio of collagen fiber in the process of masseter reattachment following different osteotomies of the prominent mandibular angle so as to offer guidance for the resection of mandibular angle. Methods Sixteen adult goats were randomized into four groups. In group A we performed unilateral curved osteotomy of the mandibular angle. In group B unilateral curved ostectomy was performed with partial masseter resection. In group C unilateral angle splitting ostectomy, while in group D unilateral dissection of the masseter muscle was conducted. The constitution and its ratio of collagen fiber in the interface were observed at 1-month, 2-month, 3-month, and 6-month after operation. Results On the changes of collagen fiber in the process of muscular reattachment, at 1-month post-operation, the constitution of collagen fiber (types Ⅰ and Ⅲ) in groups A and B were significantly different from that of control group (P<0.05). However, both groups C and D had no statistic difference from control group (P>0.05). At 2-month, 3-month and 6-month post-operation, those of all experimental groups had no statistic difference from control group. And with time, the percentage of collagen fiber type Ⅰ increased and type Ⅲ decreased gradually. Conclusion The recovery sequences of masseter muscle reattachment in this study are firstly group C, secondly group A and finally group B. It suggests that the recoveries of mastication and other oral activities are different. Group B turns out to be with a slow muscle reattachment. Thus, we recommend treating different kinds of mandibular hypertrophy with different ostectomies.

AIM: To evaluate the relationship between the medial rectus cells counts in concomitant exotropia and surgical results. METHODS: A total of 32 pieces of medial rectus muscle were collected for HE staining in this study, of which 18 pieces were from patients with concomitant exotropia and 14 pieces were from healthy individuals. A method of strabismus score was used to assess the operative effect.RESULTS: The difference of strabismus score before and after the operation in the intermittent exotropia group was significantly higher than that in constant exotropic group (P<0.01). Under light microscope, the loosen muscle fibers and the increased stromal components in the cross sectional area of medial rectus were observed in strabismic group. The muscle cells counts was obviously lower in strabismic group than in control group (P<0.01), which was related to the difference of strabismus score before and after the operation (P<0.05).CONCLUSION: The decreased medial rectus cells counts induce concomitant exotropia directly. It is the crucial causes of the bad surgical results.

Objective To investigate the effect of microRN-206 (miR-206) on the expression of Cyclin-dependent kinase 4 (CDK4) and Cyclin G-associated protein kinase (GAK), and the growth of prostate cancer cells.Methods Prostate cancer cell lines DU-145 and PC-3 were transfected with miR-NC (the control group) or miR-206 (the experimental group).The expressions of CDK4 and GAK mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR).The expressions of CDK4 and GAK protein were detected by Western blotting.Cell cycle distribution was detected by flow cytometry.EdU proliferation assay and colony forming assay were used to analyze the cell proliferation ability.Results In DU-145 and PC-3 cells, the expressions of CDK4 mRNA in miR-NC group were 1.00±0.09, 1.00±0.10, the expressions of GAK mRNA were 1.00±0.05, 1.00±0.06.The expressions of CDK4 mRNA in miR-206 group were significantly decreased in DU-145 (0.36±0.18;t=6.572, P=0.001) and PC-3 cell lines (0.43±0.17;t=5.794, P=0.001).The expressions of GAK mRNA were also significantly decreased in DU-145 (0.23±0.04;t=22.420, P<0.001) and PC-3 cell lines (0.32±0.08;t=14.500, P<0.001).Western blotting results were consistent with qRT-PCR results.The results of flow cytometry showed that compared with the miR-NC group of DU-145 and PC-3 cell lines, the percentage of cells in S phase (23.60%±5.68% vs.32.53%±4.52%, t=2.462, P=0.049;22.09%±4.35% vs.30.96%±4.86%, t=2.720, P=0.035) and G2-M phase (16.28%±7.12% vs.26.63%±4.33%, t=2.484, P=0.048;14.60%±1.62% vs.24.68%±7.13%, t=2.758, P=0.033) decreased after transfection of miR-206, and the percentage of cells in G0-G1 phase (60.13%±5.82% vs.40.84%±5.37%, t=4.872, P=0.003;63.31%±3.27% vs.44.36%±3.82%, t=7.533, P<0.001) increased.The results of EdU proliferation assay showed that the proliferation abilities were significantly attenuated after transfection of miR-206 (22.56±3.81 vs.38.90±8.51, t=3.503, P=0.013;25.12±6.42 vs.48.45±8.92, t=4.244, P=0.005).The results of colony formation experiments showed that the numbers of colonies formed by DU-145 and PC-3 in miR-NC group were 218.66±44.59 and 177.35±24.49, respectively.The numbers of colonies formed in miR-206 group were 125.38±32.80 (t=3.370, P=0.015) and 82.65±14.05 (t=6.708, P=0.001), suggesting that cell proliferation ability in miR-206 group was reduced.Conclusion miR-206 significantly inhibits the growth of prostate cancer cells by interfering with the expressions of CDK4 and GAK, suggesting that miR-206 may be a molecular targeted therapy tool for prostate cancer.