Objective To analyze the reasons and therapeutic effects for revision of spinal fractures.Method Ninteen patients with revised internal fixation on spinal fractures were reviewed in average of 3.5 years follow-up. Neurological function, pain and daily life quality of patients with revision surgery were evaluated by questionnaire.ResultIncomplete spinal canal decompression as well as improper application of instrumentation were the main reasons of failed internal fixation for spinal fractures.All patients with incomplete spinal cord injury had improvement on neurological function to some extent after re-operation, and 17 of 19 patients (89%) indicated improved daily life quality. However, revision surgery failed to have motor recovery in patients with complete spinal cord injury.ConclusionCorrect surgical technique and selection of internal fixation are very important in the treatment of spinal cord injury.

[Objective]To compare the clinical results,advantages and disadvantages of the mono-segment lateral lumbar disc herniated patients with the treatment of micro-endoscopic discectomy(MED) and fenestration discectomy(FD).[Methods]Sixty-nine cases operated with mono-segment discectomy were analyzed from July 2003 to July 2005,among them,32 cases operated with microendoscopic discectomy and 37 cases operated with fenestration discectomy.The operating time,blood loss,time stay-in-bed,duration of hospitalization after operation were compared.[Results]The rate of excellent and good outcomes was 93.7% in MED group,and 91.9% in FD group.No significant difference was found between them,and the same with the postoperative sciatica relief significant differences ould be observed in the operation time,blood loss,duration of hospitalization after operation and postoperative visual analog scales.[Conclusion]The symptoms of the lumbar disc herniation can be reliefed effectively by both methods,but micro-endoscopic discectomy has more advantages of less trauma,less blood loss,earlier rehabilitation,less postoperative low back pain.

Translational medicine appears as a new branch of medicine, aiming at quickly transforming the basic research products into clinical application. Nowadays there is a trend that laboratory researches do not have a close relationship with clinical reality, which is facing the present medical research and education field. Herein translational medicine appeared to solve this fundamental conflict.In this paper, we will analyze the essence and status quo of translational medicine, and provide suggestion on the development of translational medicine from the perspective of medical research management.

Objective To investigate the effects of Par-4 gene silence on hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in alveolar epithelial cells. Method The alveolar epithelial cells A549 were cultured and exposed to hydrogen peroxide. The siRNA sequences targeted Par-4 gene was chemically synthesized and transfected to A549 cells with or without the exposure of hydrogen peroxide. The cells were divided into normal control groups, hydrogen peroxide-treated group(The cells were treated with 0. 1 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide), hydrogen peroxide and Par-4-siRNA-treated group(The cells were treated with 0. 1 mmol/L hydrogen peroxide after transfection of Par-4-siRNA), Non-specific DNA sequence transfection control group. The apoptosis of A549 cells was quantified by flow cytometry. The expression of Smac protein was detected by Western blot.Electrophoretic mobility shift assay was applied for evaluating the change of E2F1 DNA binding activity. Relative activity of Caspase-3 was detected by clolorimetric assay. Results The percent of apoptotic cells in hydrogen peroxide and Par-4-siRNA-treated group was (29.7 ± 2.3) %, which was significantly lower than that of hydrogen peroxide-treated group [(54.2 ± 4.1)%, q= 8.91, P ＜ 0.01)]. Par-4 siRNA could significantly suppress the increase of Smac protein, E2F1 DNA binding activity and caspase-3 activity induced by hydrogen peroxide in A549 cells. Conclusions Par-4 gene silence induced by siRNA might inhibit the apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells, which might be resulted from suppression of the up-regulation of Smac gene expression, E2F1 DNA binding activity and caspase-3 activity.

Objective To develop a high performance liquid chromatography method for the determination of methylisothiazolinones and chloro-methylisothiazolinoe in cosmetics. Methods The cosmetic samples were extracted with methanol. The analytes were separated with the mobile phase of V(Methanol)∶V(Water)= 25∶75 at the flow rate of 1.0 ml/min and detected at the wavelength of 276 nm. Results The linear range of the method was 0.05-100 mg/ml for methylisothiazolinone and 0.0125-25 mg/ml for chloro-methylisothiazolinoe. The limit of detection of methylisothiazolinone and chloro-methylisothiazolinoe were 0.08 and 0.2 ?g respectively. The recovery rates were 84.5%-93.9% with the RSD of 2.5%-9.4% (n=6) for methylisothiazolinone and 88.3%-92.9% with the RSD of 2.9%-5.8% (n=6) for chloro-methylisothiazolinoe. Conclusion The method is simple,rapid,accurate and is suitable for the determination of methylisothiazolinone and chloro-methylisothiazolinoe in cosmetics.

China ; Hazardous Substances ; classification ; Water Pollution ; prevention & control

This study aimed to investigate the drug susceptibility of wild-type and mutant avian influenza A (H7N9) virus neuraminidase (NA) to oseltamivir and zanamivir. Codon optimized DNA of H7N9 (A/ Hangzhou/1/2013) NA was synthesized and constructed into the pcDNA3.1/His vector (NA(H7N9-WT)). Mutant NA(H7N9-H274Y) and NA(H7N9-R292K) plasmids were constructed by directed mutagenesis PCR using NA(H7N9-WT) plasmid as the template followed by sequencing. NA plasmids were transfected into 293T cells and cell lysates containing NAs were collected 48 h post-transfection. Wild-type and mutant NAs were analyzed by Western blotting and their activities were tested by the 4-MUNANA-based assay. All three NAs were expressed and enzymatic activities were confirmed. The effects of oseltamivir and zanamivir on all three NAs were then tested. It showed that the half maximal inhibitory concentrations (IC50s) of oseltamivir carboxylate on NA(H7N9-WT), NA(H7N9-H274Y) and NA(H7N9-R292K) were 1.6 nM, 15.1 nM, and > 1 000 nM with fold changes of 9 and > 625, respectively. The IC50 values of zanamivir on NA(H7N9-WT), NA(H7N9-H274Y), and NA(H7N9-R292K) were 1.1 nM, 1.4 nM, and 38.0 nM with fold changes of 1.3 and 34, respectively. These results indicated that oseltamivir and zanamivir could significantly inhibit NA(H7N9-WT). NA(H7N9-R292K) showed high-level resistance to both drugs (34-fold and 625-fold) and NA(H7N9-H274Y) was sensitive to both (1.3-fold and 9-fold). These results indicated that both oseltamivir and zanamivir could be used for patients infected with the H7N9 virus. However, when patients carried the H7N9 virus with a NA R292K mutation, other medications would be preferred over oseltamivir or zanamivir.
Antiviral Agents ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H7N9 Subtype ; drug effects ; enzymology ; genetics ; Influenza, Human ; virology ; Microbial Sensitivity Tests ; Mutation ; Neuraminidase ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Oseltamivir ; pharmacology ; Viral Proteins ; antagonists & inhibitors ; genetics ; metabolism ; Zanamivir ; pharmacology

0.05).Meanwhile,the cardiac function and the quality of life of the rehabilitation exercise group was improved to a significantly larger extend than those of the control group (P

Objective To investigate effects of volume,distribution and leakage of bone cement in ver- tebroplasty on the adjacent intervertebral bodies using an experimentally calibrated and anatomically accurate fi- nite-element model of elderly L4-L5 vertebral bodies.Methods Computed tomography(CT)scanning was done,at 1 mm intervals,on L4-L5 vertebral bodies of the lumbar spine of an old man cadaver that had no abnormal findings on rnentgenograms.The L4-L5 motion segment data were obtained from the CT scans to establish in computer a three-dimensional finite element model of L4-L5 functional spinal unit(FSU)with the software Ansys 7.0.Compressive load after virtual vertebroplasty on the damaged model,unipedicular and bipedieolar injections and leakage of cement into the intervertebral space,and the resulting endplate and disc stresses of the adjacent vertebral bodies were analyzed in various spatial distributions of the filling material and different loading conditions. An anatomically accurate finite-element model of elderly L4-L5 vertebral bodies was developed.Results The FSU study suggested that changes in stress and strain at adjacent levels were minimal.Furthermore,endplale and disc stresses of the adjacent vertebral bodies were not influenced by bone cement filling volumes or distributions except under bending,whereas asymmetric distribution and leakage of bone cement to the disk increased the stress of adjacent endplates.Conclusion Since asymmetric distribution and significant leakage of cement into the intervertebral space can increase the stresses of endplates of adjacent vertebral bodies and may lead to a fracture, symmetric placement of cement in operation should be achieved and leakage of cement avoided.

It is well documented that altered biosynthesis of cell surface N-linked oligosaccharides is associated with the transformed cells and tumors.N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase Ⅱ(GnT-II;EC 2.4.1.143)is a medial Golgi enzyme that catalyses the incorporation of a GlcNAc residue in ?-1,2 linkage to the Man-?-1,6 arm of the N-glycan core.This is an essential step in the biosynthetic pathway leading from hybrid to complex N-glycans.Because functional GnT-Ⅱ is an prerequisite of N-Acetylglucosaminyltransferase V performance,It was speculated that GnT-Ⅱ was involved in cancer development and progression.The expression of GnT-Ⅱ in mouse breast cancer cells 67NR and 4T1 which have different behavior of metastasis was analysed using RT-PCR.The amounts of GnT-Ⅱ in the highly metastatic cell 4T1 increased to 1.53 times of the lowly metastatic cell 67NR.To determine the association of GnT-Ⅱ with tumor progression,the GnT-Ⅱ encoding gene was amplified with RT-PCR and cloned into retrovirus vector pMSCV,resulting in pMSCV-GnT-Ⅱ.The recombinant plasmid was transfected into 4T1 and the transfected cells were selected in the medium containing puromycin,which were harvested to detect the adhesion ability to fibronection and the migration potential by transwell system.The cell adhesion to fibronectin was weakened by 67% and migration potential was increased by 82%.The data indicates that GnT-Ⅱ mediates cell adhesion and migration,thus may play an important role in cancer metastasis.