OBJECTIVE: Available information on the background of the current state and advances of the intestinal lymph trans port of medicines were reviewed. Drug transported by the intestinal lymphatic system can avoid hepatic first-pass metabolism, increase the bioavalibitlty of the highly lipophilic drug, and it is of importance for immunomodulatory, anticancer and anti-infective drugs. METHODS: We conducted a systematic literature review of articles published recent years, analysis and summaries are made upon the advances and methods applied for the increase of the intestinal lymph transport. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Intestinal lymphatic transport can increase the bioavailability via a reduction in the first-pass metabolism and the possibility of specifically targeting drugs to regions of the lymphatics, thus it is very advantageous for drugs that are under significant first-pass metabolism. The present review embodies a brief background of the mechanism of access of drugs to the intestinal lymph, a discussion on the links between lipid absorption and transport of highly lipophilic drugs, and approaches for enhancing lymphatic drug transport. Finally, experimental models of the lymphatic transport are also discussed.

Objective:To investigate if there is difference about the parameters of acoustic analysis with the different vowe |a|、|i|、| | and decide which vowels is best fitted to the acoustic analysis. Method:40 normal and 130 pathologic voice patients accepted acoustic analysis. Each acoustic parameters such as jitter,shimmer、NNE、 SDF0、SNR were compared with different vowels. Result:Jitter、shimmer、NNE with |i| were much lower than that with |a| and | | in normal cases and light hoarseness group. While the acoustic parameters with |i| were much higher than that with |a| and | | in moderate and heavy hoarseness group. Conclusion: |a| and | | were the preferred vowels for normal and light hoarseness group,while the |i| could supply some useful suggestion for the moderate and heavy hoarse patients.

AIM: To provide a HPLC fingerprint of Fructus aurantii micropowder in order to create a basis for(identification.) METHODS: With the help of computer similarity evaluation,Seventeen kinds of Fructus aruantii sample were pulverized and micronized separately,then were extracted by methanol and compared correlation between both extracts. RESULTS: In methanol extraction,contents of aurantiamarin,hesperidin and neohesperidin in micropowder were more than that in pulverized powders,correlation of both HPLC fingerprint was 0.9~1.0. CONCLUSION: The method established can be used for identifying and evaluating crud drug of Fructus aurantii,and further prove that micronization is beneficial to increasing flavonoid dissolution.

Fibromatosis, Gingival ; diagnosis ; Gingival Overgrowth ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans

BACKGROUND: Under wear particles stimulation, mononuclear macrophages, fibroblasts, and osteoblasts can produce a large amount of inflammatory factors, leading to periprosthetic osteolysis. But the precise mechanisms remain unclear. OBJECTIVE: To analyze the molecular biological mechanism underlying osteolysis induced by titanium wear particles . RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Cleaned titanium particles stimulation induced an unbalanced ratio of RANK mRNA to OPG mRNA. Over-expressed RANK bound to RANK ligand and promoted osteolysis. No RANK mRNA expression was detected in the LPS group, but OPG mRNA expression was transiently increased at 4 hours. NF-κB/inflammatory cytokine, rather than RANK/OPG, is the main signal pathway for LPS to induce osteolysis. After LPS binding to titanium particles, these two signal mechanisms, RANK/OPG and NF-κB/inflammatory cytokine, have synergistic effects during artificial joint loosening.

Objective To explore the clinical significance of prenatal ultrasonic diagnosis of fetal nephrohydrosis and its prognosis.Methods Prenatal ultrasanography was performed on 9526 women at more than 20 weeks gestation,and 162 women whose anteroposterior diameter of the renal pelvis was≥8 mm were included in this study.The grade of fetal nephrohydrosis was classified according to Grignon grading method.The changes in fetal nephrohydrosis were observed regularly until delivery.Results(1)The incidence of fetal encephalic fluid and Grignon grade:there were 162 fetuses with fetal nephrohydrosis among 9526 fetuses,with an incidence of 1.7%.The numbers of fetuses with Grades 1 to 5 were 71,59,7,3 and 22,respectively.(2)The distribution in gestafional weeks of fetal nephrohydrosis:generally,fetal nephrohydrosis was first diagnosed at(33±5)weeks,and the maximum degree of nephrohydrosis was observed at(36±3)weeks.One hundred and ten fetuses with nephrohydrosis recovered during the process of gestation,at about(37±4)weeks.(3)Poor terminations of pregnancy:there were 40(25%)fetuses with poor terminations among totally 162 cases.Among these 40 fetuses,3(27%)were first diagnosed at 20 to 24 weeks within 11 fetuses,6(24%)were first diagnosed at 25 to 28 weeks within 20 fetuses,14(26%)were first diagnosed at 29 to 32 weeks within 53 fetuses,11(23%)were first diagnosed at 33 to 36 weeks within 48 fetuses,and 6(20%)were first diagnosed at 37 to 40 weeks within 30 fetuses,The results demonstrate that high grade of fetal nephrohydrosis according to Grignon grading method indicates a poorer prognosis of the fetus.(4)Follow-up results:there were 122(75%,122/162)live and healthy neonates in total,including 110 neonates whose nephrohydrosis recovered prior to birth and 12 neonates whose nephrohydrosis recovered within 1 week after birth.These neonates all developed well without any urinary sequela within the first 2 years.There were also 20(12%,20/162)hydronephrotic neonates who were still diagnosed as nephrohydrosis within 1 week after birth,including 11 fetuses graded below Grignon grade 3,whose nephrohydrosis recovered 3 to 12 months after birth and who developed well without any urinary symptoms.Conclusions The study demonstrates that hydronephrotic fetuses who are diagnosed at earlier gestational weeka and with higher grading have poore prognosis.The Grignon grading method can be used in the prenatal evaluation of fetal nephrohydrosis to predict the prognosis of the fetus.

It was show that the 3 medical preparations, viz: Chuanxiong, the mixture of Chuanxiong & Ginseng ( CG Mixture ) , and the mixture of Chuanxiong & Miltiorrhizae could increase the coronary retrograde flow & decrease the resistance to collateral flow. The CG mixture exhibited positive effects on cardiac output, coronary flow blood, & retrograde pressure, but the other 2 medicines showed negative effects.These findings suggest that the CG mixture could improve & regulate the cardiovascular function, open the collateral vessels to reduce the ischemic size, while the other 2 medicines might reduce the cardiac power consumption. It is expected that the CG mixture may be more suitable for treatment of coronary diseases with cardiac insufficiency & hypotension, and the other 2 may be used for that with hypertension.

These groups of Chinese medicines were prepared-Cbuanxiong, a mixture of Chuanxiong & Ginseng, & a mixture of Chuanxiong & Miltorrhiza. The effects of these groups of drug on sischemic areas ( subepicar-dial ) and ( subendocardial) PO2 were compared in anaesthetized open-chest mongrel dogs. The heart tissue P02 was determined simultaneously at a depth of 2-3mm(epicardial) and 8-9mm (endocardial) 晈ith small platinum electrodes by polarography. The 3 combinations of medicine could not only increase the heart tissue PO2 in both areas when ischemia occured, but also increase deep area P02 to a greater extant than superficial area PO2. Lignsticum Chuanxiong and Panax Ginseng were more effective than the other 2 groups.

Cardiotoxic effects of adriamycin were investigated in cultured heart cells. Three-day cultured myocardial cells were treated with the different doses of adriamycin (0.3mg/L, 1 mg/L, 3 mg/L) , and incubated in verieus times times ( 4 h, 8 h, 24h ) , and, then the content of lactate dehydrogenase ( LDH ) in media and malondialdehyde ( MDA ) in cells were measured. The results showed that the content of LDH in media increased with the time in culture. The content of LDH in media and MDA in cells increased markedly with the increase in adriamycin concentration. It suggested that the adriamycin has direct damage to myocardial cells, which is time-dependent and dose-dependent.

To study changes in mRNA expression of induced nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) in the brain of rat repeatedly exposed to +Gz, and to explore the prevention and treatment effect of basis fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) and radix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) on the brain injury induced by repeated +Gz exposures. The mRNA expression levels of iNOS in brain were measured by semi quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT PCR). The results showed the iNOS mRNA expression level in brain of rats repeatedly exposed to +Gz was significantly higher than that of control, but bFGF and RSM could alleviate the expression change of iNOS. It suggested that the iNOS mRNA expression in rat brain was induced by repeated +Gz exposures and it might play an important role in the pathologic course of brain damage induced by +Gz exposures.The bFGF and RSM possessed prevention and treatment on the brain injury induced by repeated +Gz exposures.