BCG Vaccine ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Mycobacterium bovis ; Severe Combined Immunodeficiency ; complications ; Tuberculosis ; complications

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expressions of sphingosine-1-phosphate receptors 1-3 (S1P1- 3) in the corpus cavernosum of castrated male rats and its relationship with the NOS/NO/cGMP and RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathways.

METHODSWe equally randomized 18 eight-week-old healthy male SD rats into a sham-operation control, a castration, and a testosterone replacement (TR) group and harvested the bilateral testes and epididymides from the rats in the latter two groups, followed by 4 weeks of subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate at 3 mg per kilogram of the body weight per day for those in the TR group and that of plant oil for those in the control and castration groups. At the age of 12 weeks, we measured the serum testosterone (T) level and maximum intracavernous pressure/mean arterial pressure (ICPmax/MAP) of the animals and determined the expressions of SlP1-3, eNOS, P-eNOS, ROCK1, and ROCK2 in the corpus cavernosum by Western blot and immunohistochemistry.

RESULTSThe serum T level was significantly decreased in the rats of the castration group as compared with those of the control and TR groups ([0.41 ± 0.04] vs [16.01 ± 1.02] and [15.84 ± 1.32] nmol/L, P < 0.01), with no statistically significant difference between the latter two groups. The ICPmax/MAP at 0 V, 3 V, and 5 V electric stimulation was remarkably lower in the rats of the castration group (0.088 ± 0.014, 0.323 ± 0.014, and 0.432 ± 0.012) than in those of the control group (0.155 ± 0.011, 0.711 ± 0. 010, and 0.819 ± 0.024) and TR group (0.153 ± 0.012, 0.696 ± 0.017, and 0.763 ± 0.027) (P < 0.01), with no significant difference between the latter two groups. With GAPDH as internal control, the animals of the castration group showed markedly reduced expressions of S1P1 ([49.99 ± 3.39]%), eNOS ([46.82 ± 3.81]%) , and P-eNOS ([45.42 ± 4.35]%) in comparison with those in the control group ([72.57 ± 3.06], [89.76 ± 3.98], and [82.53 ± 8.92] and TR group ([71.77 ± 4.43], [87.19 ± 4.23], and [79.82 ± 7.38]%) (P < 0.01) , while the expressions of S1P2, S1P3, ROCK1, and ROCK2 were significantly upregulated in the castration group ([82.35 ± 4.13], [61.03 ± 5.14], [74.50 ± 4.02], and [69.83 ± 5.75]%) as compared with those in the control group ([41.67 ± 1.68], [31.66 ± 2.67], [35.69 ± 5.56], and [39.85 ± 7.17]%) and TR group ([42.80 ± 3.87], [32.25 ± 4.22], 38.06 ± 5.21], and [42.36 ± 4.44]%) (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONAndrogen deficiency induces significant reduction of ICPmax/ MAP in male rats, which is possibly associated with the decline of S1P1 in the corpus cavernosum, inhibition of the eNOS/NO/cGMP signaling pathway, increased expressions of S1P2 and S1P3, and activation of the RhoA/Rho kinase signaling pathway.

Animals ; Male ; Nitric Oxide Synthase Type III ; metabolism ; Orchiectomy ; Penis ; metabolism ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Receptors, Lysosphingolipid ; metabolism ; Testosterone ; blood ; pharmacology ; rho-Associated Kinases ; metabolism

Aim To study and compare the pharmaco-kinetic parameters of roxithromycin under normoxic and hypoxic rats. Methods A highly effective and rapid ultra-performance liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry ( UPLC-MS/MS) method with posi-tive electrospray ionization source was successfully de-veloped and validated for quantification of roxithromy-cin in rat plasma. Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into the hypoxia and normoxic groups. Each rat obtained a single dose of roxithromycin with 10 mg · kg-1 via intragastric administration. The pharmacoki-netic parameter comparison between normoxic and hy-poxic groups was calculated by SPSS software using in-dependent sample t test method. Results The main pharmacokinetic parameters of roxithromycin between the normoxic and hypoxic rats were:the AUC(0-t) 7 576 and 3 761 μg·h·L-1 , MRT(0-t) 5. 6 and 7. 7 h, T1/2 3. 4 h and 3. 9 h, CL 1. 5 and 3. 0 L · h-1 · kg-2 , tmax3. 1 and 3. 4 h, Cmax 1 116 and 372 μg·L-1 , re-spectively. The levels of Cmax and AUC of roxithromy-cin in hypoxic rats were statistically lower than those in normoxic rats. Conclusion The exposure level of rox-ithromycin in hypoxic rats markedly decreased. Our re-sults may provide an important experimental basis to adjust the dosage for roxithromycin in hypoxic clinical practice.

Objective To analyze CMV DNA stability of 30 EDTA plasma samples in the order of magnitude between 300 and 100 000 copies/mL over a 21 day period. Methods Thirty plasma samples were grouped into three categories according to the CMV DNA loads , including low CMV DNA contents , intermediate CMV DNA loads and high CMV DNA loads. Ten milliliters of whole blood was freshly collected from each patient. Plasma samples without hemolysis were divided into 1-ml aliquots. One aliquot was processed immediately (Day 0) for baseline PCR assays. The remaining aliquots were then processed after one , two, three, seven, 14 or 21 day of storage at 4℃. Results There was no significant difference between the mean of the difference time point in viral loads following storage at 4 ℃ by paired-samples t test, including Day 1 compared to Day 0 (t = 1.654, P =0.109), Day 2 compared to Day 0 (t = 1.487, P = 0.148), Day 3 compared to Day 0 (t = 1.609, P = 0.118), Day 7 compared to Day 0 (t=0.831, P=0.413), Day 14 compared to Day 0 (t=1.721, P=0.096), and Day 21 compared to Day 0 (t=0.244, P=0.810). Conclusion The concentration of CMV DNA in all samples stored at 4 ℃ for 21 days did not differ significantly from the baseline viral load ,and it was not observed the trend in continued degradation in different time point (Day 1, 2, 3, 7 and 14).

Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease ; complications ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Pulmonary Edema ; etiology ; Radiography, Thoracic

Carotid Body Tumor ; complications ; Female ; Glomus Jugulare Tumor ; complications ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Paraganglioma ; complications

Objective To study the effect of chest wall vibration therapy on bronchiolitis. Methods A total of 64 patients with bronchiolitis were divided into an experimental group and a control group, the former included 34 cases and the latter included 30 cases. The experimental group received both routine treatment and chest wall vi- bration, while the control group only received routine treatment. PaO_2, PaCO_2, SaO_2, Heart Rate (HR) and Respi- ration (R) were observed, respectively, in the experimental group and the control group at the beginning and the end of the third day. Time needed for expectoration and length of hospital stay in the two groups were observed. Results It was shown that PaO_2, PaCO_2, SaO_2 , HR, R were significantly improved at the end of the third day when compared with those at the beginning in both groups(P

Objective To get the information about the geriatric syndromes in the elderly with different age and gender so as to provide the basis for management of the geriatric syndromes.Methods A questionnaire survey was used to investigate and analyze the geriatric syndromes in 2 778 older subjects aged 60 years and above from Zhejiang and Jiangsu province.Results Among all 2 778 old adults,(3.4 ± 1.8)geriatric syndromes in average were found.The difference in geriatric syndromes number between different age groups showed a statistical significance(F =145.135,P＜ 0.001),but a significant difference in geriatric syndromes number between male and female group was not found(t=0.817,P=0.414).On the top incidence rate of geriatric syndromes were daily life ability defects 2 199 cases(79.2％),falls 1 828 cases(65.8％),urinary incontinence 1 356 cases(48.8％),sleeping disorder 1 023 cases(36.8 ％),cognitive impairment 908 cases (32.7 ％) and visual impairment 896 cases (32.3 ％).Among above six geriatric syndromes,the incidence of daily life ability defects,falls,urinary incontinence,sleeping disorder and cognitive impairment seemed to increase with ageing (P＜0.001).The incidence of daily life ability defects,falls and urinary incontinence was higher in males than in females (P＜ 0.05).The incidence of sleeping disorder and cognitive impairment was higher in females than in males(P＜0.05).The elderly patients with 3 or more geriatric syndromes exceeded about 66.4 ％.The most common clusters of geriatric syndromes were daily life ability defects combined with falls and urinary incontinence,which seemed to significantly increase along with ageing (x2=202.523,P＜0.001).Conclusions Geriatric syndromes are common in the elderly,medical care workers should pay attention to the management of the geriatric syndromes,and promote the development of the elderly healthcare.

Objective:To synthesize the mental resilience of Chinese children tested with the Resilience Scale for Chinese Adolescents (RSCA)to evaluate its status as well as the research status. Methods:Four Chinese elec-tronic databases including China Biology Medicine disc (CBM),VIP Database,China National Knowledge Infra-structure (CNKI)and WangFang Database were searched from database established to December 2014. Literatures that reported the mental resilience status of Chinese children tested with RSCA were included. A statistical formula was used to synthesize means and standard deviations to get a total score;the standard mean difference (SMD)and 95% confidence interval (95%CI)of scores measured with RSCA scale were used to conduct meta-analyses usingthe software of Review Manager 5. 2 for comparison between different subgroups. Results:Thirty-nine studies with 16 493 children were included for the final analysis. Quantitative synthesis results showed that the average total score of Chinese children was (3. 3 0. 6 ). The status of psychological resilience was at a good level. The average psychological resilience scores of girls,not left-behind children,urban children,Han children and not-only-child were higher than those of boys [SMD (95%CI):-0. 09 (-0. 14--0. 05 )],left-behind children [SMD (95%CI):-0. 37(-0. 56--0. 19)],rural children [SMD (95%CI):0. 26(0. 13 -0. 38)],minority children [SMD (95%CI):0. 12(0. 04-0. 21)]and only-children [SMD (95%CI):0. 30(0. 16-0. 44)]respectively. Conclusion:The mental resilience of Chinese children is modest with internal diversity.

As a crucial component of acupuncture-moxibustion therapy, moxibustion has been extensively propagated and used with its significant efficacy, simple operation, inconspicuous adverse effects and less sufferings. There are a variety of factors that influence the therapeutic efficacy of moxibustion. The influencing factors, including moxibustion dose (moxibustion duration, distance between moxa and skin, size and number of moxa cone), selection of points, moxibustion sensations, and the type of moxibustion were analyzed and summarized, to provide references for approaching the maximum efficacy of moxibustion in clinic.