Childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is a kind of abnormal proliferation of malignant tumor diseases originated in lymphocytes,which is the most common malignant tumor in children.Although stratified treatment has significantly improved the efficacy of ALL in children,but 15％-20％ of the patients still have ultimately relapsed due to the minimal residual disease(MRD).MRD refers to the leukemia patients after induction chemotherapy complete remission (or bone marrow transplant),in vivo residual morphology which could not be detected in trace amounts of leukemia cells.The detection methods of MRD mainly include flow cytometry,quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and immune repertoire sequencing.MRD level detection is of great important to judge the prognosis,and to guide the risk grouping and individual treatment,and so on.Now,the progress in the clinical application of MRD in children with ALL in recent years was reviewed.

Objective:To study the dynamic frictional resistance in the buccal segment between preadjusted brackets coupled with different archwires,at different times under artificial saliva condition.Methods: The dynamic friction of different combinations of 4 kinds of preadjusted brackets and 4 archwires were tested simulating archwires sliding in the buccal segments at 4 different times(0,15,30,45 d)under artificial saliva condition by using Instron universal testing machine.Results: The dynamic frictional resistance of combinations of 3M MBT bracket and all archwires were the smallest.The combinations of 0.46 mm inch stainless steel round wire and all brackets produced significantly lower dynamic frictional resistance than that of other archwires.The 0.48 mm?0.64 mm inch stainless steel rectangular wire produced the highest dynamic frictional resistance combined with all preadjusted brackets.The dynamic frictional resistance of combinations of archwires and brackets were highest at the 15th day and smallest at the 30th day under artificial saliva condition.Conclusion: 0.46 mm stainless steel round wire produces the smallest dynamic frictional resistance combined with all preadjusted brackets.3M MBT brackets are more favorable to sliding mechanics compared with other brackets.As for time,the lowest dynamic frictional resistance exhibits at the 30th day under artificial saliva condition.

Objective To investigate the effect of stellate ganglion block ~SGB) on formalin-induced nociceptive behavior of rabbits, the expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor ~BDNF) of dorsal root ganglia ~DRG) and the concentration of serum interleukin-8 ~IL-8) in rabbits. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were used in this study. Catheters were inserted closely to right stellate ganglia of the animals, which were randomly divided into control group ~A), SGB group ~B) and pain model group ~C). Group B and C were administered with an injection of 0.5ml of 3% formalin into the right front paw subcutaneously, group A 0.5ml saline by the same way. 0.5ml of (0.25)% bupivacaine was administered via the catheter in group B at 10 minutes before injection, while group A and C were given 0.5ml of saline at the same time. Nociceptive behavior was observed for 60 minutes after injection, and assessed by weighted pain score. Serum IL-8 was measured radioimmunologically at 10 minutes ~T_0) before injection, 10 ~T_1), 60 ~T_2) and 120 minutes ~T_3) after injection. The expression of BDNF in the right DRG of cervical 7, 8 and thoracic 1 was investigated immunohistochemically at 120 minutes after injection. Results Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in phase Ⅱ was relieved following SGB. The concentration of serum IL-8 in groups B and C at T_2 and T_3 was significantly increased than that at T_0 and T_1~P

Objective To investigate the possible causes of the different diagnostic sensitivity of voluntary single fiber electromyography (SFEMG) and repetitive nerve stimulation(RNS) in patients with myasthenia gravis (MG). Methods The voluntary SFEMG and RNS at low rates were recorded successively from the same extensor digitorum communis (EDC) muscle on the same day in 67 patients with MG. Results The diagnostic sensitivity of SFEMG and RNS was 92.5% and 50.7%, respectively, with the former statistically significantly higher than the later. The percentage of decrement of RNS was positively correlated with 3 SFEMG parameters, i.e. the mean jitter, percentage of abnormal pairs of potential and percentage of impulse blocking. Among the 34 cases with significant decrement on RNS, 2 had no impulse blocking and the maximum decrement reached 62%, while 33 cases with normal RNS had up to 58% of impulse blocking. Conclusion The voluntary SFEMG was more sensitive than RNS in diagnosing MG even in the same muscle. The blocking phenomenon observed in voluntary SFEMG was not completely corresponding to the decrement in RNS.The possible explanations were partly because that RNS recorded the total muscle fibers response in surface of the muscle and SFEMG examined the increasing or blocking at individual motor end-plates, and partly because that the voluntary SFEMG and RNS might explored endplates belonging to different motor units.

Objective: To investigate formalin-induced inflammatory nociceptive response and Fos expression of interbrain following stellate ganglion block (SGB) in rabbits. Methods: Catheters were inserted closely to right stellate ganglia in rabbits.One week later,twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into three groups of 8 each:sham group,SGB group and control group,receiving 0.5ml of normal saline,3% formalin and 3% formalin stimulation by intraplantar injection into the right front paw, respectively. ten mins before stimulation,0.5ml of 0.25% bupivacaine was administered via the catheter in SGB group,while 0.5ml of normal saline in sham group and control group. Nociceptive response was observed for 60min using weighted pain score. Local inflammatory response was measured by histopathology, the expression of Fos of interbrain was measured with immunohistochemistry 2 hours after stimulation. Results: Formalin-induced nociceptive behavior in phase 2 and local inflammatory response were relieved following SGB; the average numbers of Fos-positive neurons of hypothalamus in SGB group was lower than that in control group( P 0.05). Conclusion: SGB suppresses formalin-induced Fos expression of hypothalamus.

Objective To design a device sampling Korotkoff's sound signal and acquiring blood pressure based on Korotkoff theory.Methods The author sampled Korotkoff's sound signal via microphone,and then according the cuff pressure corresponding to signal appearance and disappearance,the author acquired SBP and DBP.At last,the author validated the creditability by contrasting with the results of auscultatory method.Results The difference of SBP and DBP is near nonexistence,the blood pressure data using this device is creditable.Conclusion The blood pressure can be measured using this device,and it can be used to further study the auto-measurement of blood pressure base on Korotkoff's sound theory.

Objective To evaluate the clinical effects of partial fascicle from the ulnar nerve to biceps branch of musculocutaneous nerve to treat brachial plexus injury. Methods Six cases of brachial plexus injury were involved in this group.3 cases were upper trunk injury and 3 cases were accompanied partial lower trunk injury.A partial fascicle of ulnar nerve transfered to repair biceps branch underwent in all cases,phrenic nerve or accessory nerve were transfered to repair suprascapular nerve.The mean time from injury to surgery was 2.8 months.Patients were evaluated with regard to elbow flexion and should abduction ansle,grip strengthen,morbidity of ulnar nerve function lose. Results Five cases out of six got follow up.The mean period of follow-up was 18 months(range from 9-30 months).The average reinnervation time for the biceps muscle was 3.3 months. All the patients' recovery of elbow flexion Was M_3~+-M_5; and the shoulder adduction was 90°-180°;the grip strength was not downgraded. No notable impairment of the donor site nerve function was observed in 4 cases,just 1 case with a little more fascicle been harvested had partial ulnar nerve impairments. Conclusion The use of ulnar nerve partial fascicle to biceps branch combined with phrenic nerve or accessory nerve to suprascapular nerve to reconstruct upper roots avulsion of the brachial plexus is a valid and convenient procedure.It can obtain good functional restoration in elbow flexion and shoulder adduction in a resonable time.The cases with partial lower trunk injury of brachial plexus,the partial fascicle of ulnar nerve can still be used for repair the musculocutaneous nerve.

Adolescent ; Anemia, Aplastic ; complications ; Female ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; complications

BACKGROUND:There are numerous studies on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)from small animals such as rats and rabbits,but no few reports addressing BMSCs from big animals.OBJECTIVE:To observe in vitro cultured goat BMSCs,and to understand its biological properties.METHODS:A healthy Chinese goat aged ten months was obtained to extract 5 mL fresh bone marrow from the posterior superior iliac spine by puncture following anesthesia.Using the whole bone marrow method,the samples were incubated in a sterile plastic culture flask and added with DMEM/F12 containing 10% fetal bovine serum.Following 80% 90% confluence,cells were digested by trypsin.Cells at passage 3 in logarithmic phase were collected and frozen,and then recovered.Changes in cell morphology were observed using an inverted microscope.Cell growth curve was measured using MTT assay.The potential of osteogenic differentiation was examined utilizing Von Kossa's staining.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The primary cultured BMSCs were cultured with adherent growth.The cells were spindle form.Cell morphology following passage 3 was similar,showing long spindle shape.Following freezing and recovery,cell adherence was slower compared with subculture cells,and no significant difference was detected in cell morphology and viability compared with subculture cells.Growth cycle was similar in passage 3-passage 5 cells.BMSCs entered lag phase at days 2 and 3,logarithmic phase at day 3,and platform phase at days 6 and 7,and then growth speed was slow.Goat BMSCs were positive for Von Kossa's stain at 3 weeks following osteogenic induction.Results verified that cultured goat BMSCs showed strong genetic stability and proliferation ability,and differentiated into osteoblasts.

Objective To study the relationship between the washout speed in the contrast-enhanced ultrasound (CEUS) and the differentiation grading in pathology in patients with hypervascular hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).Methods Totally 271 patients who underwent complete resection for hypervascular HCC from April 2009 to December 2014 at Nanchong Central Hospital were included in this study.CEUS examinations were perfomred in all patients 2-3 days before liver resection.A timer on the ultrasound screen displayed the time elapsed since the saline flush was used to determine time to washout.The washout rate were categorized into four levels based on enhancement in portal venous phase and delayed phase.The differentiation grade and the washout speed were compared using Kruskal-Wallis test.Results All 271 (100％) lesions were arterially enhanced with different washout rate.Washout speed 1 was found in 19 patients (7.0％),while speed 2 in 157 patients (57.9％),speed 3 in 65 (24.0％),and speed 4 in 30,respectively.The washout speed had a significant correlation with the differentiation (x2=179.8238,P ＜ 0.001).The faster washout speed,the higher differentiated.Washout speed 1 could distinghuish well-differentiated from the poor and moderately differentiated tumor.The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative washout speed 1 to identify well histologic grade were 98.0％ and 77.8％,the positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 96.0％ and 48.8％,and the positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratiowere were 1.9 and 0.01.Washout speed 4 could distinghuish poor differentiated from well and moderately differentiated tumor The sensitivity and specificity of preoperative washout speed 4 to identify poor histologic grade were 24.3％ and 97.0％,the positive predictive value and the negative predictive value were 65.3％ and 61.3％,and the positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratiowere were 3.2 and 0.7.Conculsions Washout speed can reflect the degree of differentiation roughly.Washout speed can effectively diagnose the well-differentiated HCC,but it is difficult for moderate and poor differentiated HCC.