Objective To investigate the changes of calcium /calmodulin - dependent protein kinase Ⅱ (CAMKⅡD) gene expression in 3T3 - L1 preadipocyte diffe-rentiation and TNF - ? regulation of CAMKⅡD gene expression on matured adipocytes. Methods 3T3 - L1 preadipocytes were cultured and differentiated into adipocytes. The levels of CAMKⅡD gene mRNA expression at various times were evaluated by RT-PCR. Matured adipocytes were interfered with 0.1,1.0,10.0 ?g/L TNF - ? and the levels of CAMKⅡD gene mRNA expression were evaluated. Results The levels of CAMKⅡD gene mRNA expression in 3T3 - L1 adipocytes were significantly down- regulated at first day, compared with those at zero day (P0. 05). CAMKⅡD gene mRNA expression decreased significantly at 12 hours after treatment with 10.0 ?g/L TNF-?, treatment of matured adipocytes with TNF - ? did not have any regulation role on it. Conclusions CAMKⅡD gene is involved in the differentiation of adipocytes and related to the etiology of obesity. The changes in the level of CAMKⅡD gene mRNA expression during 3T3 - L1 preadipocyte differentiation may contribute to the differentiation and adipogenesis of adipocytes. It seems that TNF - ? does not have any regulation role on the expression of CAMKⅡD genes.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and complications of therapeutic ERCP for patients over 80 years. Methods Data of 80 patients aging over 80 years, who tnderwent therapeutic ERCP from August 2007 to August 2009 were retrospectively studied. The etiology, complications and therapeutic effects were evaluated. Results A total of 51 patients (63. 8% ) were accompanied by cardiovascular diseases, and 43 patients were diagnosed as having malignant bile duct stricture (53. 8% ). The overail therapeutic efficacy was 96. 3%. The incidence of post-operative complications was 12. 5% (10/80). Occurrence of complications in patients with malignant tumors ( 18. 6% ) was significantly higher than that in patients with bile duct stones (5.6% ,P ＜0. 05). Incidence of complications in those with cardiopulmonary diseases was similar with that in patients without (11.8% vs. 13.8%,P＞0.05). Conclusion Age more than 80should not be considered as contraindication of ERCP. Therapeutic ERCP is effective in senior patients. Patients with advanced ages shows a relatively high incidence of complication after ERCP, which may not be related to other accompanying diseases.

Re-evaluation of bioequivalence of generic drugs is one of the key research focus currently. As a means to ensure consistency of the therapeutic effectiveness of drug products, clinical bioequivalence has been widely accepted as a gold standard test. In vitro dissolution testing based on the theory of the BCS is the best alternative to in vivo bioequivalence study. In this article, the conventional dissolution method and flow-through cell method were used to investigate the dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules in different dissolution media, and the absorption behavior of the drugs with different release rates (t85% = 15-180 min) in the gastrointestinal tract was predicted by Gastro Plus. The flow-through cell method was thought better to reflect the release characteristics in vivo, and amoxicillin capsules with regard to the release rates up to 45 min (t85% = 45 min) were having a satisfied bioequivalence with the oral solution according to the C(max) and AUC. Although two different dissolution profiles of domestic amoxicillin capsules were found by flow-through cell methods, prediction results revealed that domestic capsules were probably bioequivalent to each other.
Amoxicillin ; pharmacokinetics ; Capsules ; Computer Simulation ; Gastrointestinal Tract ; Humans ; Software ; Solubility ; Therapeutic Equivalency

Objective:To construct the molecular transmission network of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) epidemic strains in northern Zhejiang Province (Jiaxing City and Huzhou City) and to explore the HIV-1 transmission characteristics in this region.Methods:A total of 371 newly diagnosed human immunodeficiency virus/acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (HIV/AIDS) patients in Jiaxing City and Huzhou City in 2017 were included as study subjects, and the blood samples were collected and the basic demographic and epidemiological information were obtained. RNA in plasma was extracted, and the pol region gene sequence was amplified by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) and nested polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to construct phylogenetic tree for identifying subtypes. The pairwise genetic distances were calculated, and the optimal threshold of genetic distance was selected, and finally the molecular transmission network was constructed. Chi-square test was used for statistical analysis. Results:The pol region gene sequences of 336 samples were successfully obtained, and 11 subtypes were detected, mainly including circulating recombinant form (CRF)07_BC (40.8%, 137/336) and CRF01_AE (31.2%, 105/336). Based on the 1.0% genetic distance threshold, the molecular transmission network of HIV-1 was plotted. A total of 38 transmission clusters (cluster sizes ranging from two to 28) including 119 patients were found, with males predominantly (82.4%, 98/119) and most of the patients aged over 40 (include 40) years old (52.9%, 63/119), mainly infected with CRF07_BC subtype (57.1%, 68/119) and CRF01_AE (24.4%, 29/119). The clustering rate of CRF07_BC (49.6%, 68/137) was significantly higher than that of CRF01_AE (27.6%, 29/105), the difference was statistically significant ( χ2=5.27, P=0.022). Two large clusters C1 (28 cases) and C2 (11 cases) were identified, the majority of which were men who have sex with men (17 cases and seven cases, respectively). High-risk cases generally sought sexual partners in local or nearby cities through mobile phone dating software, of which the infected sequences mostly had high homology with other economic developed regions (Guangdong Province, Beijing City and Hangzhou City, etc.). Conclusions:The HIV-1 subtypes are diverse in Jiaxing City and Huzhou City, mainly CRF07_BC and CRF01_AE. The HIV-1 transmission networks are complex, among which high-risk cases may be the key factor leading to the HIV-1 epidemic in the region. Therefore, it is urgent to deepen the transmission network monitoring and formulate timely precise intervention and prevention strategies.

Objective To investigate the optimal therapy for patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure induced by hepatitis B.Methods A total of 302 patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure induced by hepatitis B in the Affiliated Infectious Diseases Hospital of Fujian Medical University were enrolled during January 2008 to January 2010.Patients were divided into group A ( medical treatment,n =57 ),group B (medical + antiviral treatment,n =80),group C ( medical + antiviral + artificial liver support system (ALSS),n =124) and group D (medical + antiviral + ALSS + traditional Chinese medicine treatment,n =41 ).Liver and renal function,prothrombin activity (PTA) and HBV DNA load were observed at the baseline,week 1,4,8,12 and the end of the treatment.All groups were followed up for 48 weeks to observe the survival rates.Kruskal-Willis H test was used to compare the efficacies in four groups,and Cox proportional hazards regression model was used for survival analysis. Results There was no difference among four groups in curative effects at week 4 ( H =3.213,P =0.360 ),but there was significant difference at week 12 (H =8.722,P =0.033).The one-year mortality rates for groups A,B,C,D were 36.84％ (21/57),32.50％ (26/80),26.61％ (33/124) and 24.39％ ( 10/41 ),respectively.The death risks of group C and D were 0.566 and 0.396 times of that in group B ( P =0.036 and 0.016).Conclusion Nucleoside analogue and ALSS plus medical treatment can effectively increase the survival rates of the patients with acute-on-chronic liver failure induced by hepatitis B.

0.05 for all).Conclusions The allelic frequencies of LPL gene at Pvu Ⅱ locus in Hei Yi Zhuang were different from those in Han,but the genotypie frequencies in Hei Yi Zhuang were not different from those in Han.There was no significant correlation between the polymorphism of LPL gene at Pvu Ⅱ site and the serum lipid levels in two ethnic groups.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of lead on the thyroid function of occupationally exposed workers.

METHOD157 workers occupationally exposed to lead in a smelting factory were investigated. The concentration of lead in air at workshop was measured by flame atomic absorption spectrophotometry (FAAS) and the levels of blood lead (PbB) by atomic absorption spectrophotometry (AAS), zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) by ZnPP meter, as well as the indexes of thyroid function, thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), triiodothyronine (T(3)), thyroxin (T(4)), free T(3) (FT(3)), and free T(4) (FT(4)) in serum by radioimmunoassay.

RESULTSThe workers with higher level of blood lead (> 2.88 micro mol/L) showed lower levels of T(3) [(1.54 +/- 0.39) nmol/L] and FT(3) [(5.50 +/- 1.26) pmol/L] than those with lower blood lead level [PbB: (1.92 approximately 2.88) micro mol/L group, T(3): (1.71 +/- 0.45) nmol/L, FT(3): (6.12 +/- 1.64) pmol/L, P < 0.05]. There was no obvious effect of length of service on thyroid hormone of exposed workers.

CONCLUSIONHigher level of blood lead may cause certain damage to thyroid function by inhibiting deiodination of T(4). No obvious relation between length of service and thyroid function was found.

Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Lead ; blood ; toxicity ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Occupational Exposure ; Thyroid Gland ; drug effects ; physiology

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; diagnosis ; therapy ; Longitudinal Studies ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prognosis ; Severity of Illness Index ; Software ; Treatment Outcome

Objective: To investigate the history, risk factors for prognosis of malignant biliary stricture (MBS) patients receiving conservative therapy after endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography(ERCP) and to set up a predictive model for overall survival (OS). Methods: MBS patients who underwent ERCP and conservative therapy in Xijing Hospital and PLA No.451 Hospital from January 2009 to December 2013 were enrolled to the present study. Predictive factors associated with OS were identified in the training cohort by stepwise multivariate Cox regression analysis. A predictive model was then developed and externally validated in the validation cohort. Results: Between January 2009 and December 2013, 152 and 149 patients were eligible to the training and validation cohort respectively. In the training cohort, tumors were mainly originated from bile duct (33.6%), pancreas (23.5%) or ampulla (20.4%). 76.3% (116/152) patients died during the observation period. The median OS for the training population was 5.0 months (3.9-6.2 months). CA19-9≥1 000 U/mL, non-ampulla tumor, metastasis, pre-ERCP total bilirubin≥7 mg/dL and hilar stricture were identified as independent predictive factors of poor OS (all P<0.05). Based on these factors, the COMTH predictive model was developed. The median OS of patients with COMTH>8 in the training and validation cohorts were both 3.0 months, which were significantly shorter than those with COMTH≤8 (10.0 and 6.9 months in the training and validation cohorts respectively, both P<0.001). Conclusion The prognosis of MBS patients undergoing ERCP is poor. The survival chance of patients with COMTH>8 is even more dismal.

This study is to report the study of protective effects of myricitrin against oxidative stress-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells and the investigation of the possible mechanisms of action of myricitrin. The model of H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was used to determine the protective effects of myricitrin. The levels of LDH, MDA and the activities of SOD, NO were measured using the respective kits. The H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells was detected using MTT reduction, TUNEL assay, JC-1 and ROS staining. The activation of Caspase-3 was also measured by fluorometry. The expression of apoptosis-related proteins was determined with Western blotting assay. Myricitrin had significant protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells in a time- and dose-dependent manner. The results show that myricitrin could attenuate H2O2-induced decrease in the activities of SOD (P < 0.01). Myricitrin could decrease the levels of LDH, MDA and increase cell viability and the mitochondrial membrane potential (P < 0.01). Myricitrin had protective effects in a dose-dependent manner between 32 micromol x L(-1) to 64 micromol x L(-1). Myricitrin pretreatment could attenuate H2O2-induced increase of p-ERK. Moreover, myricitrin pretreatment could up-regulate the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein Bcl-2, down-regulate the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein Bax, and decrease the expression of Caspase-3, 9. In conclusion, myricitrin had significant protective effects against H2O2-induced apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells. Myricitrin can enhance the activities of anti-oxidative enzymes and decrease the production of free radicals. The possible mechanisms of action of myricitrin are due to myricitrin-mediated inhibition of phosphorylation of the apoptosis signaling pathways-related kinase ERK, up-regulation of the expression of the anti-apoptotic protein, and down-regulation of the expression of the pro-apoptotic protein.
Apoptosis ; drug effects ; Caspase 3 ; metabolism ; Caspase 9 ; metabolism ; Cell Survival ; drug effects ; Cells, Cultured ; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug ; Endothelial Cells ; cytology ; Flavonoids ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Hydrogen Peroxide ; toxicity ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase ; metabolism ; Malondialdehyde ; metabolism ; Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial ; drug effects ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Oxidative Stress ; drug effects ; Protective Agents ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-bcl-2 ; metabolism ; Reactive Oxygen Species ; metabolism ; Superoxide Dismutase ; metabolism ; bcl-2-Associated X Protein ; metabolism