Objective To explore the influence of type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with subclinical hypothyroidism on diabetic vascular complications.Methods One hundred and two patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus were selected.The serum free triiodothyronine (FT3),free thyroxine (FT4),thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),anti-thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO-Ab),thyroglobulin antibody (TG-Ab) levels were measured by chemiluminescence method.The patients were divided into type 2 diabctes mellitus combined with subclinical hypothyroidism group (47 cases) and type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal thyroid function group (55 cases) according to the thyroid function.The glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),triacylglycerol (TG),high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C),urea nitrogen,creatinine and albumin levels were measured.The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) was calculated according to the formula of modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD).The presence of diabetic retinopathy was examined by fundus examination,and the presence of lower limb artery lesions was measured by vascular ultrasound.All indicators were compared between 2 groups.Results There were no statistical differences in age,disease course,HbA1c,body mass index (BMI),TC,TG,HDL-C,LDL-C,incidence of lower limb artery lesions and incidence of diabetic retinopathy between 2 groups (P＞ 0.05).TheeGRF in type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with subclinical hypothyroidism group was significantly lower than that in type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal thyroid function group:(83.74 ± 21.55) ml/(min· 1.73 m2) vs.(115.02 ± 12.29) ml/(min· 1.73 m2),and there was statistical difference (t =4.274,P ＜ 0.01).The incidence of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus combined with subclinical hypothyroidism group was significanlty higher than that in type 2 diabetes mellitus with normal thyroid function group:48.9％ (23/47) vs.23.6％(13/55),and there was statistical difference (x2 =7.103,P＜ 0.01).Logistic regression analysis showed that subclinical hypothyroidism was a risk factor for diabetic nephropathy (OR =0.524,95％ CI 0.12-0.93,P ＜ 0.05),but it was not the risk factor for diabetic retinopathy (OR =0.618,95％ CI0.19-2.16,P =0.475) and lower limb artery lesions (OR =0.485,95％ CI 0.32-2.13,P =0.689).Conclusion Subclinical hypothyroidism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus has no obvious effect on lower limb arterial complications and diabetic retinopathy,but may increase the risk of diabetic nephropathy.

Background Stromal-derived factor 1α /chemokine receptor 4(SDF-1α/CXCR4) axis is one of the important signals which mediates several different activities such as chemotaxis,adhesion,proliferation and survival resulting in recruitment to sites of immune and inflammatory reactions.Considerable evidence suggests that CXCR4/SDF-1α axis is involved in tumor angiogenesis and plays a key role in the development of ocular neovascularization.Objective The purpose of this study was to explore the effect of CXCR4 antagonist on the development of cxperimental corneal neovascularization(CNV).Methods CNV model was established in the left eye of 8-weekold clean BALB/c mouse by putting the filter with 1 mol/L NaOH at the central cornea for 40 seconds.The animals were randomizcd into hyaluronate group and CXCR4 antagonist group,and the edydrops was topically administered respectively on the day of modeling 4 times per day for 14 days.CNV was examined under the slit lamp at the fourteenth day,and then the corneal suspension and section were made.Expressions of CXCR4 mRNA and protein in corneas were detected using RT-PCR and Western blot.The CD31 level in cornea was assayed by flowcytometry and immunochemistry.The expression of VEGF in burned corneas and suspension from mouse peritoneal macrophages stimulated with CXCR4 antagonist in vitro was detected by ELISA.The use of the animal followed Ragulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results Two weeks after corneal alkali burn,the growth of CNV peaked under the slit lamp.Compared with hyaluronate group,CNV was obviously decreased in the CXCR4 antagonist group.Immunochemistry showed that intensity of positive staining for CD31 in cornea in the CXCR4 antagonist group was weaker than the hyaluronate group.Flowcytometry clarified that CD31 positive cells rate was 9.50％ ±2.34％ in the CXCR4 antagonist group and 17.50％ ±3.16％ in the hyaluronate group,showing a significant difference between them (t=-7.312,P＜0.05).In 2,4,7 days after cornea alkali burn,the expressions of CXCR4 mRNA and protein were significantly enhanced in burn corneas compared with normal corneas(P＜0.01 ;P＜0.05).ELISA showed that the VEGF expression level in corneal tissue and supernatant of mouse peritoneal macrophages in vitro were significantly lower in the CXCR4 antagonist group than that of hyaluronate group(t =10.927,5.151,P＜0.05).The expression level of VEGF in corneal suspension was lower in the GM-CSH+CXCR4 antogonist group than that in the GM-CSH group (P＜0.05).Conclusions CXCR4 antagonist can reduce experimental CNV by down-regulating VEGF expression in cornea.

OBJECTIVETo observe the efficacy on primary osteoporosis treated with spreading moxibustion for warming yang and activating blood circulation so as to provide the effective clinical therapeutic methods for osteoporosis.

METHODSSixty cases of primary osteoporosis were randomized into a spreading moxibustion group (30 cases) and a calcium tablet group (30 cases). In the calcium tablet group, caltrate was prescribed for oral administration, 600 mg per day. In the spreading moxibustion group, on the basis of the treatment as the calcium tablet group, the spreading moxibustion was applied at Dazhui (GV 14) to Yaoshu (GV 2) for warming yang and activating blood circulation. The duration of treatment was 12 weeks. Visual analogue scale (VAS) score, TCM clinical symptom score and bone mineral density (BMD) were observed and compared before and after treatment in the patients between the two groups.

RESULTSVAS scores were reduced apparently after treatment in the two groups (both P < 0.01) and the results in the spreading moxibustion group were obviously superior to that in the calcium tablet group (2.36 +/- 0.43 vs 4.52 +/- 0.35, P < 0.01). BMD were all increased in the two groups (P < 0.05, P < 0.01) and the results in the spreading moxibustion group were superior to those in the calcium tablet group (both P < 0.05). The total clinical effective rate was 86.67% (26/30) in the spreading moxibustion group, apparently better than 63.33% (19/30) in the calcium tablet group (P < 0.05). TCM clinical symptom scores after treatment were all reduced apparently in the two groups (both P < 0.01), and the result in the spreading moxibustion group was obviously superior to that in the calcium tablet group (4.72 +/- 1.90 vs 6.82 +/- 2.30, P < 0.01). The total effective rate of TCM symptoms was 93.33% (28/30) in the spreading moxibustion group, apparently better than 70.00% (21/30) in the calcium tablet group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe combined therapy of spreading moxibustion for warming yang and activating blood circulation and the oral administration of caltrate apparently relieves pain and TCM clinical symptoms, improves BMD in the patients of osteoporosis and achieves definite clinical efficacy in the patients of osteoporosis.

Aged ; Blood Circulation ; Bone Density ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Osteoporosis ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Yang Deficiency ; physiopathology ; therapy

Animals ; Brain Injuries ; blood ; cerebrospinal fluid ; chemically induced ; Endotoxins ; toxicity ; Female ; Male ; Natriuretic Peptide, C-Type ; analysis ; Neurotensin ; analysis ; Rabbits

Objective To explore the effects of thiamine and riboflavin on H2O2-induced DNA oxidative damage in human umbilical vein endothelial cell line ECV304.Methods ECV304 cells were incubated with 10,100,500,1000 mg/L of thiamine or 20,100,300,500 nmol/L of riboflavin for 24 h,and then oxidative damage of cells were induced by 25 mol/L H2O2 for 30 min.DNA damage was detected with single cell gel electrophoresis(SCGE)assay.ECV304 cells incubated without H2O2,thiamine and riboflavin were served as negative controls,and those incubated with H2O2 and without thiamine and riboflavin were served as positive controls.Results H2O2 induced DNA damage,and the indices of percent of DNA damage cells,percent of tail DNA,tail length and Olive tail moment were increased.The indices of cells pretreated with 10,100,500 mg/L of thiamine or 20,100,300 nmol/L riboflavin were significantly decreased(P0.05).Conclusion Proper supplementation of thiamine and riboflavin may decrease H2O2-induced DNA oxidative damage,while excess thiamine and riboflavin supplementation may be harmful to DNA and enhance the susceptibility to H2O2 potentially.

OBJECTIVETo observe clinical curative effect of cake-separated moxibustion on impaired glucose regulation (IGR) and explore its action mechanism.

METHODSSixty cases were randomly divided into a simple lifestyle intervention group (control group) and a cake-separated moxibustion combined with lifestyle intervention group (observation group), 30 cases in each one. The control group was treated with lifestyle intervention. Based on lifestyle intervention, cake-separated moxibustion at Pishu (BL 20), Weishu (BL 21) and Yishu (EX-B 3) was applied to the observation group. Fast plasma glucose (FPG), two hours plasma glucose after oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT2hPG), fasting insulin (FINS), homa insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR), blood lipid, body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC) were observed in the two groups before and after treatment.

RESULTSAfter treatment, the OGTT2hPG and FPG were both decreased significantly (both P<0.05) in the two groups, compared between the two groups, the differences of FPG [(0.41 +/- 0.42) mmol/L vs (0.05 +/- 0.08)mmol/L] and OGTT2hPG [(0.85 +/- 0.53)mmol/L vs (0.17 +/- 0.19)mmol/L] were both statistically significant. There were no significant changes in FINS, HOMA-IR, blood lipid, BMI and WC in the control group before and after treatment (all P>0.05), but FINS, HOMA-IR levels, triglycerides (TG), total cholest-erol (TC), low density lipoprotein (LDL-C), BMI and WC in the observation group were decreased obviously after treatment (all P<0.05), which had statistical differences between the two groups (all P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe cake-separated moxibustion combined with lifestyle intervention can obviously control blood glucose levels, improve insulin resistance and blood lipid levels, decrease BMI and WC.

Adult ; Aged ; Female ; Glucose ; metabolism ; Glucose Intolerance ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Humans ; Insulin ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Moxibustion ; Waist Circumference

AIM:To explore the application of 10g/L cyclopentolate chloride eye drops in children, and to compare the different effectiveness of cycloplegia between 10g/L cyclopentolate chloride and atropine in Chinese children.METHODS:A total of 236 eyes of 118 children aged 3~12 years old were enrolled in this study including 80 eyes of 40 children with myopia, 156 eyes of 78 children with hyperopia and 146 eyes of 73 children combined with astigmatism. 10g/L cyclopentolate chloride eye drops were used once per 5min for 3 times and refractive diopter was obtained 1h after the last drop of cyclopentolate. Three days after that, 10g/L atropine was then used 1 time per night for 1wk and optometry was performed again. The children were divided into 3 groups ( myopia, hyperopia and astigmatism group ) according to the refractive status, in which astigmatism was independent of the degree of separation of cylinder statistics. The results of retinoscope refraction were then compared between 10g/L cyclopentolate and 10g/L atropine.
RESULTS:The refractive diopter was -2. 25±1. 31D after 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops and -2. 23±1. 32D after 10g/L atropine in myopic group. The refractive diopter was 1. 35±1. 19D and 1. 38±2. 00D in astigmastic group. No significant difference was found in myopic group and astigmastic group (P= 0. 109, P= 0. 374). While in the hyperopic group, the refractive diopter was 3. 76±2. 4D after 10g/L cyclopentolate eye drops, which was lower than that after 10g/L atropine 4. 39±2. 6D (P=0. 000).
CONCLUSION: The results of this study suggest that 10g/L cyclopentolate chloride eye drops can be used in myopia and astigmatism children, and 10g/L atropine should be used in hyperopia children.

At present, external treatment of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) has been widely used in the treatment of intestinal obstruction, which is safe and effective. This study reported a case of recurrent intestinal obstruction after radiotherapy and chemotherapy for rectal cancer. After the implementation of external treatment of TCM on the basis of conventional western medicine treatment, the patient's condition improved significantly, and the patient was discharged smoothly. This case aimed to provide a reference for the diagnosis and treatment of this disease.

Objective To develop the method of 16S rRNA gene clone library for tick bacterial flora analysis, and to analyze the detection effective of pathogens in tick and capacity of bacterial flora diversity. Methods Primers were designed according to the specific gene of Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella henselae, Anaplasma phagocytophilum, Ehrlichia chaffeensis and templates were choosen by positive PCR result to amplify the DNA extracted from the ticks. One set of primers targeting 16S rRNA gene conserved region were chosen to amplify certain fragments, DNA extraction, PCR reaction, cloning and sequencing. Nucleotide sequences were compared with GenBank database. Calculated Coverage values of clone library and Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Results Sixteen defined genus-or species-bacteria were detected in 103 valid sequences. Eight species were edge type (Clone No. > 5). Three kinds of pathogens were identified (Borrelia burgdorferi, Bartonella henselae and Rickettsia sp). Three kinds of pathogens were not edge type(Clone No. < 5). Coverage value was 96.11%, and Shannon-Wiener index was 2.40. Analysis results of cloning sequence showed that tick-parasitic bacteria mainly were α and γ deformation mycetes which accounted for 56.25% (9/16). Conclusions The 16S rRNA gene sequences technology could make relative quantitative of bacterial flora, and detect many kinds of pathogens in tick. It's a good method for detection of pathogens and bacterial flora analysis.

AIMTo observe the distribution and expression of p-p38MAPK in the distal cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons in brain of rat by noise stress.

METHODSBy a double-labelled method combing the tracing of CB-HRP and the immunohistochemical technique p-p38MAPK, the distribution and expression of p-p38MAPK in the distal cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons(csf cn) were observed following noise stress. Expression of p-p38MAPK and double-labelled of CB-HRP/p-p38MAPK were also observed in rat brain after noise stress.

RESULTSTwo groups of CB-HRP labeled neuron clusters consistently appeared in certain regions of the brainstem but none in other regions of the brain. Without noise stress exposure, only a few neurons were found double-labeled by CB-HRP/p-p38MAPK. After 1 day noise stress exposure, only few neurons double-labeled by CB-HRP/p-p38MAPK were observed in the above-mentioned regions. After 5 days, the number of neurons double-labeled by CB-HRP/p-p38MAPK increased significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After 10 days, the number of neurons double-labeled by CB-HRP/p-p38MAPK increased significantly compared with the control group (P < 0.05). After 20 days, both of the numbers of neurons double-labeled by CB-HRP/p-p38MAPK increased significantly compared with that of the control group (P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONTwo groups of distal cerebrospinal fluid contacting neuron clusters consistently existed in certain regions of the brain parenchyma, and in these clusters only a few neurons con rained p-p38MAPK. After noise stress exposure of different durations (days 1, 5, 10, 20), the number of distal cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons with p-p38MAPK increased significantly with increasing days. The results indicate that distal cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons are special neurons existing consistently in brain, including distal cerebrospinal fluid contacting neurons with p-p38MAPK which may participate in the whole procedure of signal transduction or central modulation in noise stress response and play greater roles with increasing days.

Animals ; Brain ; cytology ; Male ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Noise ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Stress, Psychological ; cerebrospinal fluid ; p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases ; cerebrospinal fluid