A new method of acquiring electromyographic is presented.An EMG signal acquisition system is developed based on virtual instrument,which adopts traditional electromyographic instrument,high performance data acquisition card and Labview software.The real-time acquisition,digitalization and display of electromyographic signal are realized through the new system.Adapted to various physiological signals with the expanded functions,the system can be considered as the future physiological instrument's direction.

Objective To confirm the transmission of Toxoplasma gondii by semen and to investigate the impact of vaginal status on the transmission of T. gondii in female rabbits. Methods Sixteen male rabbits were infected with T. gondii by intraperitoneal injection each with 1 ×105 RH tachyzoites. Eight rabbits died in 8-14 d after infection.Artificial vagina was used to collect semen from male rabbits weekly before and after infection for 8 weeks. If more than 2 portions of semen from 8 survived male rabbits were collected after infection, the collected semen was mixed weekly for later use. Twenty-seven female rabbits were divided into 4 groups: group 1 with normal vagina (7 rabbits), group 2with wounded vagina (7), group 3 with trichomonas vaginitis (7) and group 4 with colpomycosis infection (6). Tachyzoites were found in mixed semen digested by trypsinase, and were used for endovaginal artificial insemination to female rabbits by uterine cavity tube once a week for 8 consecutive weeks. 2-3 d after every insemination, 2 ml blood was collected from helix vein of each rabbit, and stored at -40 ℃ for use. Anti-T. gondii antibody was examined by ELISA and the B1 gene of T. gondii was detected by PCR. Results Anti-T. gondii antibody was detected in some rabbits (2, 3, 1, and 1 rabbits from each of the groups respectively) on the 16th day after the first insemination. The positive rate of ELISA was 25.9%. The amplification of B1 gene (200 bp) by PCR appeared positive from the blood samples on the 3rd day after the first insemination and the last positive one was proved on the 51th day after the first insemination.Number of positive samples was 2, 1, 3 and 1 in the 4 groups respectively, with an overall PCR positive rate of 18.5%.Only 3 of the 27 rabbits were positive by both ELISA and PCR. Conclusions T. gondii can be transmitted by semen and the health status of vagina shows no impact on it.

Objective To observe the value of speckle tracking imaging(STI) in assessing early changes of left ventricular diastolic and systolic function in patients with essential hypertension (EH). Methods Sixty-five EH patients with left ventricular normal geometry (LVN) ,including 33 cases with non-left atrial enlargement(NLAE) and 32 cases with left atrial enlargement (LAE),and 45 normal persons out of them were recruited as study subjects. Peak systole (S), peak early diastole (E'), peak late diastole (A')and E'/A' ratio at longitudinal strain rate(SrL) of three segments in long-axis views and radial strain rate (SrR),circumference strain rate(SrC) and rotation rate(RotR) of three levels in short-axis views were measured. Results There were no segment differences between A' at SrL in three segments or level differences between S and A' at SrR and S at SrC in three levels in NLAE group and LAE group. Compared with controls,NLAE group and LAE group had significantly decreased S and E' at SrL and E'/A' at SrL, SrR and SrC,increased A' at SrL,SrR and SrC and E' at RotR. Conclusions It was indicated by STI that early LV dysfunction in EH was appeared on diastolic as well as systolic dysfunction.

Accidents, Occupational ; statistics & numerical data ; Acute Disease ; China ; epidemiology ; Humans ; Occupational Diseases ; epidemiology ; Poisoning ; epidemiology

Three primer were designed based on the consevered area of the genetic of the ATCC VR-2332 strain and LV strain. And the nest RT-PCR of testing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus were developed. The nest RT-PCR against ATCC VR-2332 strain, LV strain and B13 strain were done by this method.The DNA fragment were obtained specially from the three strains isolated from different region. The size were 430bp (430bp) , 410bp (413bp) and 410 bp (413bp) separately. But the DNA fragment were not obtained from HCV, PPV and PRV. Its sensitivity was 10-2 TCID50. It's sensitivity increased 10000 times than one step RT-PCR. It should make the method of testing porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus more sensitive, fast and accurate.

Objective To study the rationality and possibility of 64 slice spiral CT in the examination of the temporal bone at low dose.Methods The same CT technique and temporal bone mode as those for clinical CT were used,two cranium specimens(four ears)were scanned with Somatom Sensation 64-slice spiral CT at different mA(380,300,200,160,120,80),and muhi-planar reformation was performed.The CT dose index at different mA groups were measured by 10 cm pencil ionization chamber and head dose phantom.Four anatomic structures on axial images(subarcuate fossa,tendon of tensor tympani, facial recess,etc),four anatomic structures on coronal images(scute,crista transversa,fenestra cochleae, etc)and six anatomic structures on double oblique images(malleus,incus,stirrup bone,upper bony semicircular,etc)were chosen to evaluate and grade the reformation images among different mA groups,and to determine the minimum mA value.Ten ears of five patients were used to test the validity of the minimum mA value.Results CT radiation dose was significantly reduced from(47.8?2.7)to(20.1?2.0)raCy (P

Objective To explore the predictive value of microvessel density(MVD)and blood vessel invasion(BVI)in hepatic metastasis from early-stage rectal cancer.Methods MVD and BVI in the tumor tissue from 380 patients with stage I and II rectal cancer was determined by immunohistochemical S-P method with anti-CDIOS antibody and anti-CD34 antibody,respectively.Multinomial logistic regression was performed to analyze the predictive value of MVD and BVI in hepatic metastasis from early-stage rectal cancer.Results CD105 was expressed in newborn blood vessels,not in normal blood veseels.in the rectal cancer tissue.MVD was correlated with histological type and infiltration depth(P＜0.05).Besides histological type and infiltration depth,BVI was also correlated with histological grade.Multivariate analysis revealed that histological type,tumor infiltration depth,BVI,adjuvant therapy,and MDV were independent predictors of hepatic metastasis from rectal cancer.The risk of hepatic metastasis in patients with postive expression of either MVD or BVI or both were significant higher than that in patients with low expression of MVD and those without BVI expression[hazard ratio(95%CI),4.210(2.182-11.214)].Conclusion BVI and MVD are independent predictors of hepatic metastasis from stage I and II rectal cancer.Combined detection of MVD and BVI may help to predict the clinical outcome of patients with early-stage rectal cancer.

Objective To establish guinea pig model of type Ⅰ anaphylaxis, isolate the anaphy-lactic antibody(IgE and IgG) preliminarily from sera of sensitized guinea pigs, and investigate its functional characteristics. Methods Animal model was established by sensitizing guinea pigs with OVA and Al(OH)_3, level of antibody was determined by ELISA, IgE and IgG in sera were preliminarily isolated through saturated ammonium sulphate precipitate and affinity chromatograph of Protein A. A continuous passive cutaneous ana-phylaxis test (PCA) was performed by sensitizing guinea pigs individually with IgE and IgG and then challenging at different time , and the variation of blue spots in skin were observed after challenge . Results Concentration of IgE in model group and control group were 719.3750 ng/ml and 2.5250 ng/ml, the optical density of IgG in model group and control group were 0.9921 and 0.0174, the level of two antibodies in model group were significantly higher than that of control group (P<0.05). In 9 d continuous PCA test, the blue spot induced by IgE in skin lasted for 9 days and appeared the largest when challenged at day 5. The diameter of blue spot induced by IgG was the largest when challenged at day 2 and then decreased fast. Con-clusion Anaphylactic antibodies were successfully preliminarily isolated from sera of sensitizing guinea pig, both IgE and IgG play roles in type Ⅰ anaphylaxis of guinea pig, the hypersensitive reaction induced by IgG is fast and short than that induced by IgE, and IgG may become an important surrogate marker in immunotoxic-ity evaluation(type Ⅰ anaphylaxis)of vaccine.

BackgroundAnterior proliferative vitreoretinopathy (aPVR)is a tissue injury and repair progress,and treatment of aPVR is very important in clinic.Chitosan drug delivery system is becoming a hot spot for its large lading dose and long acting duration.ObjectiveThe present study was to investigate the curative effect of a triamcinolone acetonide (TA) drug delivery system after implantation into the suprachoroidal space to treat traumatic aPVR.MethodsaPVR models were created in the left eyes of 65 healthy pigment rabbits by performinga 5 mm penetrating incision 2.5 mm posterior to limbum at 10:30-11:30.The animals were randomly divided into 4groups.Blank chitosan was implanted into the suprachoroidal space as the blank control group.Chitosan with 1 mg TA was implanted in the TA + chitosa group.The TA solution ( containing 1 mg TA) was intravitreally injected in the TA injection group.Fifteen models were used as the traumatic control group.Another 15 left eyes of normal pigment rabbits were used as the normal control group.The thickness of the ciliary tissue was measured using a ultrasound biomicroscope(UBM) 3,5 and 8 weeks after operation.The animals were sacrificed by excessive anesthesia and eyeballswereobtainedforhistopathologicalandultrastructuralexaminations.ResultsHistopathological examination showed the edema of the ciliary tissue and inflammatory cells infiltration in the blank control group,TA injection group and model control group,but mild response was seen in the TA + chitosa group.Severe damage in the ciliary tissue and subcellular organelle was found in the blank and model control groups,but mild damage was detected in the TA + chitosa group under the transmission electron microscope.UBM examination revealed that obvious abnormalities were visible in the ciliary and iris tissue in the blank control group,TA injection group and traumatic control group,but a mild abnormality was seen in the TA + chitosa group.Significant differences in ciliary thickness were exhibited among the 5 groups 2,5 and 8 weeks after operation (F =212.938,515.323,447.919,P＜0.01 ).Compared with the normal control group,ciliary thickness significantly increased in the blank control group and normal control group at various time points (all P＜0.05 ),but that in the TA + chitosa group was significantly lower than the normal control group at various time points ( two weeks:0.484±0.075 vs.0.327 ±0.094 ; five weeks:0.422 ±0.089vs.0.327±0.094 ;eight weeks:0.418±0.085 vs.0.327±0.094) (all P＞0.05). ConclusionsThe chitosan drug delivery system with TA suppresses the excessive proliferation of injured ocular tissue after implantation into the suprachoroidal space,which prevents the formation and development of aPVR.

Background Channelrhodopsin-2 (ChR2)is a cation channel isolated from the eyespot of Chlamydomonas algae and has been used to control neuron activity.The light stimulation is a more precise fashion whether space or time than that of electrical,magnetic and ultrasound stimulation. Objective This study was to construct a replication deficient recombinant adenovirus cxpression vector of ChR2 and to determine its function.Methods Human embryo kidney 293 (HEK293) cell line was cultured and passaged in DF12 medium containing 10％ fetal bovine serum(FBS).The ChR2 gene was cloned at the downstream of cytomegalovirus(CMV)promoter of the adenoviral shuttle plasmid pSB291 in sense direction,and the resultant recombinant plasmid pSB291-hChR2- GFP was transfected into HEK293 cell together with plasmid pBHG lox ( deltaE1,3 ) containing adenoviral genome,then small amounts replication deficient recombinant adenovirus expression vector of ChR2 (Ad-ChR2) was obtained.Through amplification gradient centrifugation and dialysis,pure Ad-ChR2 was obtained.Visual cortex cells derived from 4 1-day-old clean Long Evans rats were primary cultured with serum-free culture media and infected by AdChR2.When expressing green fluorescencc,those cells received the stimulated of blue light with 460 nm.Patch clamp technique was applied to record an action potential. Results After purification and concentration,the titer of AdhCHR2 reached 7.9×1010 PFU/ml.Twenty-four hours after transfect of Ad-ChR2,HEK293 cell membrane showed the green fluorescence for the recombinant plasmid with green fluorescence protein under the inversed fluorescence microscope.The HEK293 cells change their shape from flat to round 13 days after transfected.The primary cultured visual cortex cells exhibited the green fluorescence 3-5 days after infected by Ad-ChR2.The action potentials evoked by blue light stimulation were recorded with patch clamp on those cells expressing green fluorescence. Conclusions Ad-ChR2 expressing vector is constructed successfully in this study.It is verified that Ad-ChR2 expressing vector can infect visual cortex cells with visual function.This result is very important for visual plasticity study.