Objective To study the clinical application of quantitative ultrasound(QUS) which evaluate skeletal status of children and adolescents.Methods Subjects were children and adolescents aged 0-18 years old.Tibia/radial bone strength was obtained using QUS.Children who were younger than 2 years old only were measured at midpiece of tibia,and children who were older than 2 years old were measu-red at midpiece of tibia and radius.At the same time,calcium in peripheral blood was measured by the method of atomic absorption.Results 1.Radial and tibial bone strength presented nonlinear growth with age in healthy children and adolescents.2.Bone strengths of different anatomic-sites were different and the disparity rate of evaluation at different anatomic sites was 30.1%.3.The bone strength of the children who had some risk factors that could induce decrease of bone strength or had some diseases of bone metabolism was lower than healthy children.Composition of low bone strength children was 71.1% in high risk children,and was 47.9% in those who had some symptom or physical sign of calcium deficiency.4.Composition of low bone strength children was 44.2% in those who had normal peripheral blood calcium,and composition of normal bone strength children in those who had low peripheral blood calcium was 59.7%.The 2 methods had no correlation.Conclusions QUS is a quite useful technique in evaluation skeletal status of children and adolescents,and is sensitive for high risk children.It is necessary to measure radius and tibia,and consider blood calcium and bone strength to evaluate practical level of calcium and nutritional state of children.

At the beginning of the 1980s, a concept of viable but non-culturable(VBNC) was suggested. VBNC is a survival strategy adopted by microorganisms when they are exposed to environmental stress. This article try to make a summary of research of the conditions of VBNC formation, recovery of culturability and methods of VBNC cells detection. In addition, introduces the first growth factor of microorganisms-Rpf.

Objective: To study the antipyretic action of Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizin and its effect on heart rate and blood pressure of rats.Methods: The model of pyretic rabbit was established by diphtheria-pertussis-tetanus triple vaccine,and to observe the effect of Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizin on temperature of rabbit. Two-path physiological recorder was used to measure heart rate and blood pressure.Results: The experiment proved that Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizin can decrease the anus temperature of pyretic rabbit obviously.Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizanate had no remarkably effect on heart rate and blood pressure.Conclusion: Dipseudoephedrine Glycyrrhizin has antipyretic action and has no effect on heart rate and blood pressure within studied dose.

Adolescent ; Angiofibroma ; surgery ; Endoscopy ; Humans ; Male ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; surgery ; Nose ; surgery ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods

Objective To explore the mutation of androgen receptor(AR)gene in a patient with 46,XY disorder of sex development(DSD)and to improve the diagnostic level and understanding of androgen insensitivity syndrome(AIS).Methods The clinical data of the child was analyzed,including physical examination,relevant laboratory examination,karyotype,pelvic B ultrasound,pelvic magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)and AR gene mutation.The peripheral blood of the child and his parents were drawn,and peripheral blood DNA was extracted.The polymerase chain reaction(PCR)-DNA sequencing method was used to amplify all exons of the AR gene in the child and his parents.Then,they were directly sequenced.Results A 7-years and 2-months old child who suffered from DSD,revealed physical examination that the child had normal female external genitalia,as the clitoris length was 2.0 cm×0.8 cm,with visible vaginal opening,and there were masses at bilateral inguinal region,with a size of 1.5 cm×0.8 cm.The results of human chorionic gonadotropin(HCG)stimulation test:testosterone was 0 nmol/L,androstenedione was 1.78 nmol/L,dihydrotestosterone was 0.07 nmol/L before HCG was injected;but testosterone was 4.69 nmol/L,androstenedione was 2.10 nmol/L,dihydrotestosterone was 0.33 nmol/L after HCG was injection.Sex chromosome analysis reported 46,XY karyotype.Pelvic B ultrasound revealed the absence of a uterus and ovaries and the presence of bilateral testes like gonad at each side of internal inguinal ring,with a size of 1.4 cm×1.0 cm×0.8 cm in the left,1.5 cm×0.7 cm×0.8 cm in the right;but the kidney,ureter,urinary bladder,adrenal gland and retroperitoneal for B ultrasound revealed no abnormality.Pelvic MRI(non-enhanced and enhanced)showed the presence of a blind ending vagina between rectum and urinary bladder(40 mm in depth)and the absence of uterus and ovarian tissue.DNA sequencing found one c.1685T>C heterozygous mutation(p.Ile562Thr)on exon 2 of AR gene in the child.But retrieving and summarzing documents of the domestic and foreign information databases and websites,the locus mutation of AR gene had never been reported.The structure prediction of the mutated protein(Polyohen2 and SIFT software)was significantly changed.By verifying the locus site of the parents of this child,it was found that his mother carried the same mutation,but his father was found to be normal.Conclusions A c.1685 T>C mutation(p.Ile562Thr)on exon 2 of AR gene is a novel mutation.Combined with the patient's clinical manifestations and computer prediction results,it may suggest that the novel mutation of AR gene can lead to the occurrence of AIS.

The clinical prescriptions of hemoptysis that built by Menghe physician Ma Peizhi were collected, and were analyzed by the method of unsupervised data mining, such as association rules and clustering algorithm. From the prescriptions, we got the frequency of drugs, the association rules among drugs, 10 core drug combinations and 5 new prescriptions. Accordingly, after the analysis, Menghe physician Ma Peizhi had rich experience in the treatment of hemoptysis. His therapy for hemoptysis was clearing heat and moistening lung, dispel heat from blood to stop bleeding, and enriching yin and blood. And we can also make a conclusion that the TCM inheritance support system is of great practical value for minning the old doctors' clinical experiences.
Data Mining ; Databases, Factual ; Drug Prescriptions ; standards ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; therapeutic use ; Hemoptysis ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Practice Patterns, Physicians'

Glaucoma is a group of diseases which can threaten and damage the optic nerve and its visual pathway, leading to visual impairment as a result. Glaucomatous optic neuropathy is a chronic disease accompanied by apoptosis of retinal ganglion cells ( RGCs ) , visual field defect and cupping of optic nerve head. The gold standard in functional glaucoma evaluation is standard automated perimetry ( SAP) , but it is often limited to the subjective feelings of the patients. Still, visual electrophysiological techniques cannot replace the conventional inspection, but with its rapid development, it has provided a new strategy for the early diagnosis of glaucoma as a supplement because it can show changes in amplitude and latency before visual field defect. Here we review three special electroretinograms and multifocal focal visually evoked potentials in the early diagnosis of glaucoma.

Objective To establish a stable in vitro model of blood-brain barrier (BBB) simulating in vivo state using the primary-cultured rat brain microvascular endothelial cells (BMVECs) and pericytes.Methods The primary rat BMVECs and pericytes were isolated,purified and cultured.The isolated cells were identified by immunocytochemical staining method.An in vitro model of BBB was constructed using Transwell inserts (pore size 0.4 μm) coculture.Its barrier function was evaluated by the 4-hour leakage test,tight junction protein identification,transendothelial resistance detection,and permeability test.The difference between the cocultured model and simple BMVEC model across the membrane resistance values,and the permeability difference of the small molecule sodium fluorescein (Na-F) were compared.Results Confluent BMVEC monolayers demonstrated a typical cobblestone appearance and the pericytes displayed irregular shape and overlapping growth.Immunodouble labeling technique identification showed that the pericytes positively expressed α-srmooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and neuron-glial antigen 2 (NG2); after the fusion of cocultured model endothelial cells,the surface leakage test became positive; immnocytochemical staining shows that a continuous and dense tight junction formed between the endothelial cells; compared to the BMVEC model,the transendothelial electrical resistance of the cocultured model increased significantly (190.762 ± 10.326 Ω/cm2 vs.96.503 ± 8.012 Ω/cm2; t=- 24.489,P ＜0.01),and the permeability decreased significantly (56.149％ ± 3.572％ of the single endothelial model; t =19.330,P ＜ 0.01 ).Conclusions The primary isolated rat BMVECs and pericytes cocultured the morphology,structure and barrier function of in vitro model have the basic characteristics of BBB,and they have provided a useful tool for the research of BBB.

Objective To investigate the effect of microcireulation blood flow and altering immunity by Chuanxiongqin,ulinastain and thymosin α1 on sepsis patients.Methods 90 patients were randomly divided into 3 groups(n=30),namely ICU group,Chuanxiongqin group,ulinastain and thymosin α1 group.HLA-DR/CD14+and IL-6,TNF-α,Lac,DD were measured.Results (1)DD showed no significant difference at every time point between ICU group and ulinastain+thymosin α1 group(P＞0.05).DD decreased in Chuanxiongqin group,and was significantly different from the others on the third day.(2)Lac unchanged significantly at every time point in ICU group(P＞0.05).Lac in Chuanxiongqin group and ulinastain+thymeain α1 group tended to decrease,and was statistically different from ICU group on the second day.(3)IL-6 and TNF-α tended to increase at every time point in ICU group(P＜0.05).In ulinastain+thymosin α1 group,IL-6 and TNF-α returned to the level before treatment,HLA-DR/(D14+increased significantly,and was higher than Chuanxiongqin group and ICU group statistically.Conclusion Chuanxiongqin could ameliorate circulation;ulinastsin and thymosin α1 could depress IL-6,TNF-α.So ulinastain and thymosin α1 might protect the immunity of sepsis patients.

Objective To explore the relationship between plasma ghrelin levels and glucose and lipid metabolisms of child and adolescent obesity.Methods 30 cases of obesity and 30 healthy normal weisht children and adolescents with same age and gender were selected.Plasma ghrelin level,serum insulin(INS),C-peptide(CPE),fasting blood glucose(FBG),total cholesterol(TC),triglyceride(TG),high-density lipoproteins(HDL),low-density lipoproteins(LDL)were measured.Results For the obesity group:Plasma ghrelin level significantly decreased [(15.49±1.98)vs(19.47 ±1.50)μg/L]compared with control(P＜0.05);BMI,waistline,FBG,INS were very significantly increased(28.19±3.83)vs(21.07±1.53)kg/m2;(88.60±6.13)vs(78.52 ±4.40)cm;(5.23±0.49)vs(4.59 ±0.63)mmol/L;(22.32 ±3.50)vs(16.98±2.50)μIU/ml,respectively compared with control(all P＜0.01);TC was significantly increased(5.87±0.88)vs(4.05±0.76)nmol/L compared with control(P＜0.05).For the plasma ghrelin level of obesity:The relationship between plasma ghrelin level and body weight,BMI,waistline,INS,TC was obviously negative(r=-0.385,-0.466,-0.336,-0.387,-0.373,respectively,all P＜0.01);The relationship between plasma ghrelin level and FBG was obviously negative(r=-0.324,P＜0.05);No relationship between plasma ghrelin level and age,body height,CPE,TG,HDLC,LDLC.Conclusion Plasma ghrelin level of children and adolescent obesity was obviously decreased,and was strongly related with disordem of glucose and lipid metabolisms.