As a new concept, the definition of translational medicine remains obscure. The translational medicine connects the bench to bedside, and its importance would be more remarkable. The development of gastrointestinal surgery reflects the idea of translational medicine. To carry out the translational study, the gastrointestinal surgeon must learn how to find subjects from clinical problems, how to collect complete information and tissues, how to collect complete information and tissues, how to collaborate with others from different fields and how to utilize all kinds of resources. By translational studies, gastrointestinal surgeons may further improve the survival of patients with gastrointestinal tumor.
Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; Humans ; Translational Medical Research

Gastrointestinal Diseases ; physiopathology ; Gastrointestinal Motility ; Humans ; Kinetics ; Postoperative Complications

Humans ; Oncogenes ; Stomach Neoplasms ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the rhythm regulatory mechanism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) in the process of moxibustion for rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

METHODSA total of 144 Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a moxibustion group, a sham operation group, an operation group, an operation+moxibustion group, 24 rats in each one. Each group was divided into 4 time points (0:00 am, 6:00' am, 12:00 am, 6:00 pm), 6 rats in each time point. The Light-Dark 12 : 12 was given in all rats for light-dark cycle. Except the blank group, rats in the remaining groups were treated with intracutaneous injection of freund's complete adjuvant at right-side foot to establish the model of RA. After the model establishment, bilateral adrenal, glands were removed in the operation group and operation + moxibustion group, while those in the sham operation group were not removed with identical operation procedure. Rats in the moxibustion group and operation + moxibustion group were treated with grain-sized moxibustion from 7:00 am to 9:00 am at "Shenshu" (BL 23) and "Zusanli" (ST 36) once everyday, 6 times were taken as one session and 3 sessions were required tatclly, while rats in the remaining groups received identical fixation without moxibustion. The general health state and foot volume of rats were measured before model establishment, after establishment and after treatment. After treatment, rats were sacrificed at each time point to collect the blood sample and measure the content of IL-6 by using enzymne-immunoassay method.

RESULTSCompared with the blank group, the foot swelling in the model group was obviously increased (P<0. 05); the IL-6 maintained circadian rhythm (P<0. 05), but the peak phase had a backward trend, famplitude had an increased trend and the median was significantly lifted (P<0. 05). Compared with model group, !the foot swelling in the moxibustion group was obviously decreased (P<0. 05); the IL-6 maintained circadian. rhythm (P<0. 05), and the peak phase had a forward trend, amplitude had a decreased trend and the median was significantly reduced (P<0. 05). Compared with the moxibustion group, the foot swelling in the operation--moxibustion group was obviously increased (P < 0.05); the IL-6 maintained circadian rhythm (P < 0.5), but the peak phase moved forwrd, and the median was significantly elevated (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe IL-6 in plasma maintains significant pathological circadian rhythm in RA rats; with the complete hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis, moxibustion is likely to regulate the circadian rhythm of IL-6 to play an important role of anti-inflammatory effect in RA rats.

Acupuncture Points ; Animals ; Arthritis, Rheumatoid ; metabolism ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Circadian Rhythm ; Disease Models, Animal ; Female ; Humans ; Hypothalamus ; metabolism ; Interleukin-6 ; metabolism ; Male ; Moxibustion ; Pituitary-Adrenal System ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Time Factors

Objective:To investigate the existence of side population cells with the potency of stem cells in human gallbladder carcinoma cell line GBC-SD and the differences in ABCG2,Oct-4 and CD34 expression among SP cells,non-SP cells and GBC-SD cells.Methods:SP and non-SP cells were sorted from GBC-SD cells by fluorescence-activated cell sorting(FACS).The expression of ABCG2,Oct-4 and CD34 in SP cells,non-SP cells,and GBC-SD cells was detected by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR),Western blot,flow cytometry(FCM)and immunofluorescence chemistry.Results:SP cells with stem cell potency were isolated from GBC-SD cells with a proportion of(0.64±0.08)%.The metastatic ability of SP cells was obviously higher than that of non-SP cells and GBC-SD cells(P<0.05).The expression of ABCG2 was significantly higher in SP cells than in non-SP cells and GBC-SD cells[(89.56±3.86)%vs.(1.32±0.49)%and(12.37±1.61)%,P=0.001].The expression of Oct-4 in these cells was(94.87±1.40)%,(88.16±2.34)%and(90.17±1.61)%,respectively(P>0.05).CD34 was neady absent in these cells on protein level[(1.78±0.51)%vs.(0.63±0.21)%and(0.96±0.381)%,P>0.05)],but it was highly expressed in non-SP cells and GBC-SD cells and absent in SP cells off mRNA leve;.Conclusion:SP calls which hava the potency of stem cells,exist in human gallbladder carcinoma GBC-SD cell line and have the phenotype of ABCG2+Oct-4+CD34-.

Animals ; Cholesterol ; blood ; Hyperlipidemias ; blood ; drug therapy ; Leptin ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains

Robotic system helps surgeons in performing surgery. Currently Da Vinci system is the most popular. Da Vinci system has been used for the stomach and bowel diseases in 27 cases(18 cases of stomach and 9 cases of colon and rectum) in the Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University. Accurate preoperative staging is crucial, and Da Vinci system is advantageous in lymph node dissection, preservation of nerve plexus, and complete resection of mesorectum. Adoption of gastrointestinal tract reconstruction technique should depend on the operation and experience in surgery. Though Da Vinci system has limitations and the cost is high, it is believed to be the future trend.
Digestive System Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Humans ; Robotics ; methods

Objective To study the role of cell density in the tyrosol production and morphology for Candida albicans biofilms. Methods C. albicans SC5314 and clinical isolates were propagated in yeast peptone dextrose (YPD) medium. Cells were collected by centrifugation and washed twice in sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) before this study, then resuspended in RPMI 1640 supplemented with L-glutamine and adjusted to a desired concentration of 5 × 10~6 cells/ml, 5×10~5 cells/ml, 5 × 10~4 cells/ml, 5 × 10~3 cells/ml after counting with a hematocytometer. Standardized C. albicans cells were prepared as above description and 2000 μl of this standardized cell suspension was dispensed into the wells, then C. albicans biofilms were formed on the bottom of the polystyrene wells. In this study, tyrosol synthesized by SC5314 and clinical isolates of C. albicans biofilm was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The effects of tyrosol on morphology of C. albicans biofilms were investigated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results Tyrosol production of C. albicans biofilms was affected by cell densities. At lower inoculation size(5 μ 10~3 cells/ml), there was too less tyrosol production to be detected at the early stage of the biofilms formation. At higher inoculation size (5 μ10~6 cells/ml), tyrosol can be detectable at the early stage or at the mature stage of biofilms formation. There was a sharp increase in tyrosol concentration at 24 h, while there was a decrease in tyrosol concentration after that time from the strains when the strains were at an inoculation size of 5 × 10~6 cells/ml and 5 × 10~5 cells/ml. Cell densities affected the morphology formation of the C. albicans biofilms. At the early stage of the biofilms formation, C. albicans grew less germ tube at lower cell densities than that at the higher cell densities. With the mature of the biofilms, C. albicarts grew more hyphae at higher cell densities than that at the lower cell densities. All these above showed that cell densities played an important role in the propagation for the C. albi-cans in the biofilm formation. Conclusion Cell density play an important role in the formation of the C. albi-cans biofilms and the production of the tyrosol.

Objective:To observe the clinical effects of Zuoyu üo. 1(ZY1)in the prevention of concomitant concurrent complica-tions after operation for anorectal diseases. Methods:164 patients who had received operation for anorectal diseases were randomly di-vided into 2 groups. Patients in the treatment group were treated with sitz baths in ZY1 and the conventional wound dressing method. Patients in the control group were treated with sitz baths in warm water and the conventional wound dressing method. Results:The effi-ciency rate of the treatment group was significantly higher than that of the control group(53. 57% vs. 27. 5%,P<0. 05),as well as the total effectiveness(95. 23% vs. 88. 75%,P<0. 05). The comparison showed that better curative effects existed in the treatment group on distress,bleeding,and edema ratings and wound healing time. Conclusion:Sitz bath in ZY1 after operation for anorectal dis-eases reduces complications and shortens the wound healing time without any side effect. It is thus extensively promising in clinical ap-plications.

Objective This report is to compare the difference outcome between total arch replacement and hemi-arch replacement for Stanford type A aortic dissection.Methods The subjects were 208 consecutive patients,including 121 who received total arch replacement(group A) and 87 who had hemi-arch replacement(group B) for Stanford type A aortic dissection from August 2001 to July 2013 in Nanjing Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University.The cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) time,average cross-clamping time,selective cerebral perfusion(SCP) time,complications,in-hospital mortality and follow-up after surgery were retrospectively compared between the A and B groups.Results The age,sex ratio,preoperative complications do not show a significant difference between the A and B groups.The CPB time [(247.68± 58.65) min vs (212.68±60.75) min,P =0.000],cross-clamping time[(154.85±45.96) min vs(137.83± 38.91) min,P =0.000] and SCP time [(36.98± 10.62) min vs(29.85± 13.46) min,P =0.000] of group A are all longer than group B.The incidence of postoperative complications(14.0％ vs 10.3％,P =0.619) and in-hospital mortality(9.1％ vs 8.0％,P =0.791) between the A and B groups do not have a significant difference.The mean time of follow-up differed significantly between two groups [(21.86± 18.89) months vs(61.23± 38.57) months,P =0.000] and did not differ in the rate of follow-up(94.5％ vs 96.3％,P =0.585).The rate of false lumen thrombosed at the proximal descending aorta showed a significant difference between the twogroups(91.8％ vs 23.8％,P =0.000),but the rate of secondary surgical intervention (0 vs 2.3 ％,P =0.095) and follow-up death (6.4％ vs 6.3 ％,P =0.975) do not.Conclusion For the Stanford type A aortic dissection patients,surgery is the only treatment that can save lives.Total arch replacement need more time in CPB,cross-clamping and SCP,but the complications,in-hospital mortality and follow-up death do not show a significant difference compared with hemi-arch replacement,and higher rate of false lumen thrombosed have been showed in total arch replacement.