Child ; Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 ; genetics ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Siblings

Objective To compare the clinical analysis of alone or combined with antibiotics on community acquired pneumonia (CAP) in pediatric patients,and provide reference for clinical rational use of antibiotics.Methods The clinical data of 274 cases of CAP children treated by single antibiotic therapy and 271 cases of CAP children treated by bivalent antibiotic therapy were retrospectively analyzed,and the drug efficacy and adverse reactions were compared between the two groups.Results There were no statistical differences on the sex,age distribution and severity between the two groups (all P ＞ 0.05) ; The sputum submission rate in two groups were over 90％,and there were no significant differences on the positive rate and detection rate of multi-resistant bacteria (P ＞ 0.05) ; Treatment efficiency in the two groups of children were 97.45％ (267/274) and 98.15％ (266/271),the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.32,P ＞0.05) ; Average hospital inpatient days were (8.76 ± 1.75) d and (8.66 ± 1.62) d in the two groups,the difference was not statistically significant (x2 =0.71,P ＞ 0.05).Adverse reactions in the two groups of children mainly were drug fever,rash,nausea,bloating,hemolytic anemia.Cases of drug fever (50) and hemolytic anemia(32) in single antimicrobial group were significantly less than those in the combined with antibiotic group (51,72,x2 =4.804 and x2 =5.381,all P ＜0.05).Conclusion The effects of alone or combined with antibiotics on community acquired pneumonia in pediatric patients are same,so alone antibiotics is recommended for treating mild CAP to get better efficacy.

OBJECTIVE: To develop a five fluorescence-labeled multiplex amplification system for 15 loci and study genetic polymorphism in Xinjiang Uygur population. METHODS: The STR loci were screened. The alleles were named according to the number of repeats by sequencing. The sensitivity, species specificity, identity and stability of the five fluorescence-labeled multiplex amplification system for the 15 loci were all tested. Then, the genetic polymorphism was analyzed in Xinjiang Uygur population and compared with other ethnic groups including Xizang Tibetan, Xiuyan Manchu, and Guangzhou Han population. RESULTS: The 15 loci multiplex amplification system was established. The sensitivity was 0.3 ng with good species specificity, identity and stability. The distributions of genotype for 13 STR loci in Uygur population were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium with no genetic linkage between these loci. Most loci showed statistically significant among different populations. CONCLUSION The established system has application value in forensic evidence. The 13 STR loci in Uygur population have
Alleles ; Ethnicity/genetics* ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Linkage ; Genotype ; Humans ; Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction/methods* ; Polymorphism, Genetic

Objective To establish a stable and efficient method of culturing imDCs in vitro,and to explore the effect of GW5074, which blocks ERK1/2 signal pathway in the process of imnature dentritic cells (imDCs) on inducing differentiation of the na(i)ve allogeneic CD4+ T cells into Treg cells in vitro. Methods The imDCs and mature DCs (mDCs) were isolated and cultured from the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) derived from a healthy adult male volunteer, and they were identified by cell morphology, cell surface marker and cell functions respectively. Na(i)ve CD4+ T cells were isolated from newborn umbilical vein blood and were divided into 5 groups to be cultured: (1) Blank control group: Na(i)ve CD4+ T cells were cultured alone;(2) Positive control group: The irrDCs were Middle-concentration GW5074 group;(5) High-concentration GW5074 group. In the last three groups, imDCs and na(i)ve CD4+ T cells were co-cultured, the same as the positive control group, but these groups were added by GW5074 dilution at the concentrations of 8, 24, and 40μmol/Lrespectively. After co-culture for 5 days, the transformation ratio from naive CD4+T cells to Treg T cells was detected by flow cytometry. Results On the surface of imDCs, there was stronger pression of CD1a, but weaker expression of CD80 and CD83. On the contrary, on the surface of mDCs, there was weaker expression of CD1a, but stronger expression of CD80 and CD83. The stimulation index in imDCs group and mDCs group was 1.12±0.03 and 2.85±0. 07 respectively. The transformation ratio of Treg T cells in blank control group, positive control group, low-concentration GW5074 group, middle-concentration GW5074 group and high-concentration GW5074 group was (5. 81±1.36)%, (35.73±2.07)%, (22.53±2.11)%, (11.55±1.73)%, and (4.97±1.83)%respectively. One-way ANOVA analysis revealed that there was no significant difference between high-concentration GW5074 group and blank control group, P＞0. 05, but significant difference between the remaining groups, P＜0.01. Conclusion High purity of imDCs can be obtained from PBMC by induction with rhGM-CSF and rhIL-4. ERK1/2 signal pathway plays a role in inducing the immune tolerance. GW5074 can inhibit differentiation of na(i)ve CD4+ T cells into Treg T cells.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the changes of hair dermal papilla and its regulatory role in the growth cycle of the hair follicles.

METHODSSingle hair follicles were isolated from surgical specimens of human scalp and cultured in Williams E medium. The growth of the hair follicle was measured and the morphology and structure of the dermal papilla in the different growth cycles were observed continuously.

RESULTSThe hair follicle could grow in the medium for 12 days at the average growth rate of 0.2-0.3 mm/day. The flat and round dermal papilla lay at the bottom of the hair bulb in the telogen and anagen stages. In the hair follicle with accelerated growth, the dermal papilla became elongated, loosened, and closely adhered to the hair matrix. In the catagen stage the dermal papilla shrunk, and became separated from the hair matrix. A new hair bulb was regenerated when the hair follicle was transected at a low level. The hair follicle stopped growing after transection at a higher position.

CONCLUSIONThe hair dermal papilla is the essential for hair follicle growth, and plays an important role in regulating the hair growth cycle.

Dermis ; cytology ; growth & development ; Hair ; growth & development ; Hair Follicle ; cytology ; growth & development ; Humans ; Tissue Culture Techniques

BACKGROUNDNon-invasive nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) screening usually involves serological testing for the presence of IgA antibodies to Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) capsid antigen (VCA). The present meta-analysis determined the accuracy of VCA-IgA in the diagnosis of NPC.

METHODSA systematic review of studies was conducted and data on the accuracy of VCA-IgA concentrations in the diagnosis of NPC were pooled using random effects models. Receiver operating characteristic curves were used to summarize the overall test performance.

RESULTSTwenty studies met the inclusion criteria for the meta-analysis. The summary estimates for VCA-IgA in the diagnosis of NPC were: sensitivity 0.91 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.90 - 0.92), specificity 0.92 (95%CI: 0.92 - 0.93), positive likelihood ratio 31.65 (95%CI: 10.99 - 91.15), negative likelihood ratio 0.10 (95%CI: 0.07 - 0.13) and diagnostic odds ratio 414.59 (95%CI: 174.96 - 982.42). The area under the summary receiver operating characteristic curves was 0.98.

CONCLUSIONThe sensitivity and the specificity of serum VCA-IgA are very high, suggesting that the presence of VCA-IgA in peripheral blood is a valuable predictor for NPC.

Antigens, Viral ; immunology ; Capsid Proteins ; immunology ; Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin A ; immunology ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate genetic polymorphisms of 10 short tandem repeats loci (D6S1043, D7S3048, D9S925, D10S2325, D11S2368, D14S608, D15S659, D17S1290, D20S470 and GATA198B05) in Tibetans from Lhasa, China.

METHODSFollowing extraction, DNA from 208 unrelated Tibetan individuals was amplified with a self-designed multiplex PCR system. The amplified fragments were separated by electrophoresis on an ABI 3130 Genetic Analyzer and analyzed with GeneMapper®3.2 software.

RESULTSThe distributions of genotype for the 10 STR loci in the population were in accordance with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The polymorphism information component for the 10 loci was 0.750-0.860, the degree of heterozygosity was 0.726-0.865, the discrimination power was 0.919-0.968, and the probability of exclusion was 0.470-0.725. The combined probability of exclusion and combined discrimination power was 0.9998 and 0.999 999 999 997, respectively.

CONCLUSIONAbove STR loci have high probability of exclusion and discrimination power, which can be used as candidate markers for population genetic research and forensic practice for Tibetans from Lhasa, China.

Asian Continental Ancestry Group ; genetics ; China ; Genotype ; Heterozygote ; Humans ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Polymorphism, Genetic

OBJECTIVEExposure to high concentrations of oxygen in the neonatal period may impair lung growth and is a major contributing factor to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD). Cell death from hyperoxic injury may occur through either an apoptotic or nonapoptotic pathway. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of hyperoxia on caspase-3 and p53 gene expression and apoptosis in the lungs of neonatal rats, so as to determine the type of cell death that occurs in the lungs of neonatal rats exposed to hyperoxia.

METHODSHyperoxic lung injury model was established by exposing to 95% O(2) in the neonatal period of Spraque-Dawley rats. The levels of caspase-3 mRNA and p53 mRNA expression in the lungs of neonatal rats exposed to 95% hyperoxia or room air were detected by RT-PCR. To quantify PCR products, PCR products were electrophoretically separated with 1.5% agarose gels. The optical density (A) values of the DNA bands were quantified by complete gel documentation and analysis system. The A ratios of p53/beta-actin denoted the relative content of p53 mRNA, results were showed as mean +/- standard deviation. The specific positive or negative bands of caspase-3 in electrophoresis gels were counted, Fisher's exact test of propabilities was used to determined statistically significant differences between two groups. We determined the extent of apoptosis taking place in the lungs of neonatal rats exposed to 95% hyperoxia using terminal deoxyribonucleotide transferase-mediated deoxyuridine triphosphate-fluorescence nick-end labeling (TUNEL) in 7-d-old neonatal lung. Under light microscope, five areas of lung parenchyma were systematically and randomly photographed from each animal and positive cells among 500 lung cells were calculated. Results were showed as mean +/- standard deviation.

RESULTSWe found increased levels of p53 messenger RNA, a gene associated with apoptosis, in the lungs of neonatal rat born and raised in 95% hyperoxia. Moderate increase in the level of p53 mRNA was found in the hyperoxic-treated group at 24 h (q = 3.2305, P > 0.05). Significant increase in the level of p53 mRNA was found in the hyperoxic-treated group at 48 h (q = 7.2941, P < 0.01). The levels of p53 mRNA expression in neonatal rat lungs exposed to 95% O(2) for 72 h or 96 h returned to normal level. The levels of caspase-3 mRNA expression were very low or absent in the hyperoxic-treated groups at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h or in the air-breathing groups at 12 h, 24 h, 48 h, 72 h and 96 h. An increase in the number of cells undergoing apoptosis was found in the hyperoxic-treated group at 7 d (F = 56.5010, P < 0.001) which was significantly greater than the number of apoptotic cells found in the lungs of rats of the same age exposed to room air.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggested that 95% hyperoxia could temporarily up-regulate the gene expression of p53, which induced the transcription of p21(WAF/CIP1) mRNA. Furthermore, p21(WAF/CIP1) could lead to cell cycle arrest and inhibit proliferation of lung cells. Meanwhile, p53 could also promote apoptosis of lung cells. Therefore, exposure to high concentrations of oxygen in the neonatal period may impair lung growth and is a major contributing factor to the development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD), and hyperoxia may affect the future lung growth and lead to barrier of lung development. The treatments of anti-apoptosis and promoting alveoli growth hold a promising perspective in hyperoxic lung injury. The level and ratio of caspase-3 gene expression were very low or absent in the lungs of neonatal rats exposed to 95% O(2) or room air. We speculated that caspase-3 gene expression was not essential in the hyperoxia induced lung cell apoptosis in neonatal rats.

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Apoptosis ; Caspase 3 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Hyperoxia ; metabolism ; pathology ; In Situ Nick-End Labeling ; Lung ; metabolism ; pathology ; RNA, Messenger ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Tumor Suppressor Protein p53 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective:To calculate the health poverty vulnerability index of elderly households in rural areas of central and western China,and then to classify these samples,lastly to decompose their influencing factors.Methods:First,based on survey data in 2018,the three-stage feasible generalized least squares was used to calculate the health poverty vulnerability index of elderly households,and then combined with whether the household income was below the poverty line and whether the family was healthy poverty vulnerability,the sample households were divided into four categories,and then used multiple unordered logistic regression to analyze various types of influencing factors,and finally used the Shapley index to decompose the contribution of each influencing factor.Results:The average vulnerability of health poverty was 0.5979 ± 0.25199,with 1169 households greater than or equal to 0.5,accounting for 63.26％;the number of households stuck in poverty,temporary poverty,potential poverty,and escaped from poverty were 489,300,680,and 379 households,accounting for 26.46％,16.23％,36.80％,and 20.51％ of the total sample;compared with escaped from poverty families,the three variables of marital status,the number of chronically ill patients,and the number of annual hospitalizations were the com-mon influencing factors of other three types families;The Shapley decomposition showed that the interviewees' education level and family members engaged in non-agricultural work have contributed significantly to the three types,however two indicators:time required to visit a medical institution and self-assessment of health status of the main interviewees showed great differences in different types of families.Conclusion:Rural elderly households have a high level of vulnerability to health poverty;potential poverty house-holds and persistent poverty households account for a large proportion,and continuous intervention should be carried out;it is necessary to unify the implementation of basic poverty alleviation work,but also to enhance refined management capabilities and adopt differentiated intervention measures.

OBJECTIVETo compare the diagnostic performance of prospective electrocardiogram (ECG)-triggered computed tomography coronary angiography (CTCA) versus retrospective ECG-gated CTCA.

METHODSPatients with suspected coronary artery disease divided into two groups which underwent 64-slice CTCA with prospective ECG-triggered or retrospective ECG-gated scanning (n = 100 each, HR < or = 65 bpm). Multi-planar reconstruction (MPR), curved-planar reconstruction (CPR), maximum intensity projection (MIP) and volume rendering (VR) were made to demonstrate the coronary arteries. The image quality was defined as excellent, good and poor by motion and stair-step artifacts. Individual radiation exposure dose was estimated from the dose-length product.

RESULTSThe mean effective radiation dose of prospective ECG-triggered CTCA [(2.81 +/- 0.48) mSv] was significantly lower than that of retrospective ECG-gated CTCA [(10.16 +/- 1.09) mSv, P < 0.01]. Segments of diagnostic image quality (95.2%, 1165/1224) and non-diagnostic coronary segments (4.8%, 59/1224) in prospective ECG-triggered group were similar as those of retrospective ECG-gated group (94.1%, 1186/1261 and 5.9%, 75/1261, all P > 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThough the radiation exposure dose required is significantly lower, the diagnostic performance of prospective ECG-triggered 64 slice CTCA is comparable with that of retrospective ECG-gated 64 slice CTCA on patients with stable heart rates up to 65 bpm.

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Coronary Angiography ; methods ; Electrocardiography ; methods ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prospective Studies ; Retrospective Studies ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; methods