Costs and Cost Analysis ; Dentists ; Family Practice ; Humans ; Physician-Patient Relations ; Private Practice ; economics ; standards ; Social Values

As one of the first resident standardized training bases, department of ophthalmology of Shanghai Ruijin Hospital participated in this reform process from 2010. Relevant rules and regulations (training management system , training scheme implementation system and evaluation system ) were strictly obeyed. When new problems emerged, under the guidance of department in charge, a series of regimens were formulated and improved gradually by Ophthalmology Professional Committee of Shanghai Resident Standardized Training Department. Based on reviewing and summarizing the work in the last 3 years, some thoughts and suggestions on the resident standardized training in future were put forward ,in-cluding how to better solve the“heavily used, lightly cultured” problem, the“disregarding medical ethics establishment”problem, the“disregarding assessment of teachers”problem and the“disregard-ing obtaining employment”problem.

Breast Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Protein 5 ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; RNA, Messenger ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; Tumor Cells, Cultured

Objective: To investigate the prevalence and influencing factors of repeated HIV antibody tests among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Wuhan City, so as to provide insights into the development of interventions against AIDS among MSM. Methods: MSM with self-reported homosexual behaviors in a community studio in Wuhan City were recruited using a convenient sampling method from January to April 2019, and participants' demographic features, sexual behaviors, HIV antibody tests and recognition of HIV antibody tests were collected using questionnaires. Factors affecting repeated HIV antibody tests were identified using a multivariable logistic regression model. Results: Totally 300 valid questionnaires were recovered, with a mean age of (31.06±10.24) years. Among all the participants, 196 participants had the first homosexual behaviors over 18 years of age (65.33%), 107 participants were insertive partners (35.67%), and 125 participants received sex-transmitted diseases (STDs) tests in the past six months (41.67%). The mean score for recognizing the risk of HIV infection was 12.41±3.09, for HIV antibody test self-efficiency was 17.07±2.12, and for perceived social supports was 17.42±2.41. A total of 287 respondents received HIV antibody tests (95.67%), including 192 participants receiving repeated HIV antibody tests (64.00%). Multivariable logistic regression analysis showed that age of >18 years for the first homosexual sex behavior (OR=0.404, 95%CI: 0.223-0.734), receiving STDs tests in the past six months (OR=3.896, 95%CI: 2.145-7.076), sex role as receptive partners or both receptive and insertive partners (OR=0.502, 95%CI: 0.275-0.917), satisfying with HIV antibody test services (OR=2.955, 95%CI: 1.311-6.660), and high score for HIV antibody test self-efficiency (OR=1.149, 95%CI: 1.005-1.314) were factors affecting repeated HIV antibody tests among MSM. Conclusions The detection of repeated HIV antibody tests was 64.00% among MSM in Wuhan City in 2019, and age for the first homosexual behavior, STDs tests, sex role, evaluation of HIV antibody test services and self-efficiency of HIV antibody tests may be factors affecting repeated HIV antibody tests among MSM.

α-thalassemia is a type of microcytic hypochromic anemia caused by variants of alpha-globin gene, and is one of the most common monogenic disorders in southern China. The population screening model based on hematologic phenotype has achieved great results in areas with high incidence of thalassemia. However, with the continuous decline of the cost of genetic testing and implementation of screening programs for thalassemia gene carriers, more variants in the alpha-globin gene have been discovered, which also brings great challenges to clinical genetic counseling. From the perspective of alpha-globin genetic analysis, this consensus has discussed the contents of pre- and post-test genetic counseling, with an aim to provide standardized guidance for clinicians.

OBJECTIVETo study the effect of electro-acupuncture (EA) at Neiguan (PC6) and Lieque (LU7) on the expression of protein kinases in cardiomyocytes of myocardial ischemia (MI) rats.

METHODSHealthy male SD rats were randomly divided into the control group, the model group, the Neiguan point group, the Lieque point group, and the non-meridian non-acupoint group, 10 in each group by random digit table. The MI rat model was established by injecting isoprenaline hydrochloride (85 mg/kg). EA at Neiguan (PC6), Lieque (LU7), and non-meridian non-acupoint were respectively performed. Changes of the expression of protein kinases [such as protein kinase A (PKA), protein kinase C (PKC), protein kinase G (PKG)] in rat cardiomyocytes were observed using Western blot.

RESULTSCompared with the control group, expression levels of PKA, PKC, and PKG increased obviously in the model group (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, expression levels of PKA, PKC, and PKG decreased in the Neiguan point group and the Lieque point group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Expression levels of PKA decreased in the non-meridian non-acupoint group (P < 0.01). Compared with the Neiguan point group, expression levels of PKA, PKC, and PKG increased in the non-meridian non-acupoint group and the Lieque point group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05). Compared with the Lieque point group, expression levels of PKA, PKC, and PKG increased in the non-meridian non-acupoint group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONEA at Neiguan (PC6) and Lieque (LU7) could decrease protein expression levels of PKA, PKC and PKG in rat myocardial cells, and the effect of acupuncture at Neiguan (PC6) was better than that obtained by EA at Lieque (LU7).

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Coronary Artery Disease ; Cyclic AMP-Dependent Protein Kinases ; Electroacupuncture ; Male ; Meridians ; Myocardial Ischemia ; metabolism ; therapy ; Myocytes, Cardiac ; metabolism ; Plant Extracts ; Protein Kinases ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Adult ; Aircraft ; Angiotensinogen ; analogs & derivatives ; blood ; Hot Temperature ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Male ; Neuropeptides ; blood ; Noise ; adverse effects ; Occupational Exposure ; adverse effects ; Stress, Psychological ; blood ; etiology ; Time Factors

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Endoscopy ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Maxillary Sinus ; surgery ; Middle Aged ; Otorhinolaryngologic Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Young Adult

Objective To evaluate the effects of electroacupuncture (EA) on synaptic interface structures around a cerebral infarct and evaluate how learning and memory relate to synoptic structure. Methods Forty-eight male, adult Wistar rats were divided randomly and equally into an EA group and a control group after models of ische-mic brain injury had been established. Each group was then divided into 1 week, 2 week and 3 week sub-groups. In the EA group EA was started 24 hours after the operation at the Baihui (DU20) and Da Zhui (BUI4) points and continued for one week, two weeks or three weeks. The control group was fed in normal cages and had no special treatment. Synoptic substructures in the hippocampal CA3 area of the ischemic side were assessed morphologically and quantitatively. Results The synaptic curvatures and postsynaptic density (PSD) an well as the width of the ac-tive area increased significantly in the EA group compared with the control group. Morris water maze learning ability in the EA group exceeded that in the control group. Spatial probe test results also significantly improved in the EA groups compared with the control groups. Conclusions Learning and memory improved in the injured rats following EA, and this is likely to be related to synaptic changes and synaptic plasticity increasing.

OBJECTIVETo observe the intervention and mechanism of Qushi Huayu Recipe (QHR) on gene expression profiles in high lipid diet induced fatty liver rats.

METHODSFatty liver model was prepared in 20 male SD rats using single high fat diet (88% common forage +2% cholesterol +10% lard). Four weeks after modeling they were divided into the model group and the QHR group according to random digit table, 10 in each group. QHR (at 0. 93 g crude drug/100 g body weight) and distilled water was respectively to rats in the QHR group and the model group by gastrogavage while modeling, once per day. Meanwhile, 10 SD male rats were recruited in a normal group, administered with equal volume of distilled water by gastrogavage. At the end of week 8 all rats were sacrificed, and blood and livers were collected for subsequent analysis. Contents of liver triglyceride (TG) and free fatty acid (FFA) , activities of serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) were detected using biochemical assay. Pathological changes of liver tissue were observed using H&E and oil red O stain. Liver gene expressions were detected by Affymetrix gene expression profiles. Differentially expressed genes were compared between the QHR group and the model group, functions of differentially expressed genes and signal pathways involved analyzed. Ten differentially expressed genes involved in glycolipid metabolism with fold change more than 2 were selected for verification by real-time PCR.

RESULTS(1) Compared with the normal group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and serum activities of ALT and AST obviously increased in the model group (P <0. 01). Compared with the model group, contents of liver TG and FFA, and activities of ALT and AST obviously decreased in the QHR group (P <0. 05, P <0. 01). QHR could reduce high fat induced fatty degeneration of liver cells , alleviate inflammation, and improve pathological changes of liver tissue. (2) Compared with the model group, there were 80 differentially expressed genes (with fold change > 2, P < 0.05) with clear functions and appointed gene names, including 44 up-regulated and 36 down-regulated genes. Eighty genes were involved in 27 signal pathways with statistical difference, including glycerolipid metabolism, adipocytokine signaling pathway, insulin signal pathway, drug metabolism signal pathway, etc (P < 0.05). (3) RT-PCR results of 10 glycolipids metabolism regulating genes such as Gk, Scd1, Gpat2, G6pc, Irs1, and so on showed that all RT-PCR genes were completely coincide with up-regulated or down-regulated tendency in results of gene chips. 80% genes had approximate fold change.

CONCLUSIONQHR could regulate gene expressions related to fat metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, anti-lipid peroxidation, and drug metabolism in high fat diet induced fatty liver rats, and its comprehensive pharmacological actions could be manifested.

Alanine Transaminase ; metabolism ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; metabolism ; Carbohydrate Metabolism ; Diet, High-Fat ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; pharmacology ; Fatty Acids, Nonesterified ; metabolism ; Fatty Liver ; metabolism ; Lipid Metabolism ; Lipid Peroxidation ; Male ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Transcriptome ; drug effects ; Triglycerides ; metabolism