Alliinase is immobilized on pre-activated chitosan microspheres by glutaraldehyde.The optimum immobilization conditions are as follows: glutaraldehyde concentration is 4%,alliinase concentration 20.2U,immobilization time 2h.For immobilized alliinase,the highest activity was allowed at pH 7.0 and temperature 35℃,and the Michaelis constant(Km)was disclosed to be 7.9mmol/L by Lineweaver-Burk plot,and after 10 times reuses the immobilized alliinase lost no more than 10% activity.

Accidents, Occupational ; Acute Disease ; Adult ; Aniline Compounds ; poisoning ; Female ; Humans

A total of 1140 medical workers from 8 public hospitals of secondary and tertiary levels in Anhui were surveyed with questionnaire. Their knowledge of the reform, acknowledgement of key points of the reform, desire of participating in the reform and other factors that may influence the reform were investigated as categorized by their hospital, position, title and age. This study comes up with such recommendations as reinforcing communications on public hospital reform, reforming the compensation mechanism to clarify government responsibilities, probing into a better model for multi-institution practice of certified physicians, and encouraging private capital to participate in medical service while ensuring its non-profit nature, and improving the performance appraisal mechanism to ensure incentives of medical workers. These recommendations aim to enable the health administrators in their decision making.

Objective To compare proprotein convertase subtilisin/kexin type 9 (PCSK9) levels between premenopausal and postmenopausal women,and to investigate the relationship between serum PCSK9 and metabolic factors.Methods Totally 515 women were enrolled from the study on diabetes of prediction,prevention,and intervention in Nanjing in 2009.Survey,physical examinations,and determination of related metabolic indexes were performed.Serum PCSK9 level was measured by sandwich ELISA.Results Serum PCSK9 level was positively correlated with low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C),total cholesterol (TC),triglyceride,fasting plasma glucose,body mass index,waist-hip ratio,and age in women (all P＜0.01).PCSK9 level was significantly lower in premenopausal women than that in postmenopausal women [(58.18 ± 25.44 vs 80.91 ± 33.74) ng/ml,P ＜0.01].Conclusion Higher level of PCSK9 exists in postmenopausal women compared with premenopausal women.The level of PCSK9 is closely correlated with age,TC,and LDL-C.

AIM: To study apoptosis and bcl-2 mRNA gene expression of cardiomyocytes in donor hearts of immature rabbits underwent prolonged protection by 11, 12-epoxyeicosatrienoic acid (11, 12-EET), and further probe into the possible mechanisms. METHODS: 24 isolated immature rabbit hearts were performed to the model in a Langendorff perfusion apparatus and randomly assigned to normal control group,ST control group and EET group. The isolated rabbit hearts in ST control group and EET group were stored for 24 hours with 4 ℃ hypothermia, and underwent 30 minutes of reperfusion (37 ℃). TUNEL and in situ hybridization (ISH) methods were applied in the present study and apoptotic cells and bcl-2 mRNA gene expression were observed. RESULTS: The numbers of apoptotic cardiomyocytes in ST group and EET group were higher than that in normal control group, and the numbers of apoptotic cardiomyocytes were significantly decreased in EET group and bcl-2 mRNA positive expression were higher than that in ST control group, respectively. CONCLUSIONS: There were apoptosis during the prolonged protection of donor heart in our study, and we proved that: ①11,12-EET could decrease cardiomyocyte apoptosis significantly. ②Up-regulation of the bcl-2 mRNA expression in cardiomyocytes may be one of the mechanism responsible for inhibition of cardiomyocyte apoptosis by 11, 12-EET.

Anxiety disorder is one of the most common mental disorders and seriously impairs the physical and mental health of patients. Due to the efficacy of acupuncture for tranquilization, acupuncture displays its unique advantage on the treatment of anxiety disorder, but the relevant biological mechanism has not been elaborated. The modern medicine study has proved that the heart and brain have their own independent natriuretic peptide (NP) system. The dysfunction of ANP and its receptor are closely related to the occurrence of anxiety disorder. The ANP acts on anti-anxiety. Hence, focusing on the three aspects, named the anti-anxiety effect of acupuncture based on its tranquilizing effect, the anti-anxiety effect of ANP and the positive regulation of acupuncture on NP, the mechanism on ANP and its receptor was explored in anti-anxiety with acupuncture based on tranquilizing effect, and the idea was put forward on that the anti-anxiety effect of acupuncture was possibly based on its action of tranquilization through regulating the ANP and its receptor. As a result, it is expected to provide the theoretic support for the mechanism study on anti-anxiety with acupuncture based on its tranquilizing effect.
Acupuncture Therapy ; Animals ; Anti-Anxiety Agents ; metabolism ; Anxiety ; metabolism ; therapy ; Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; metabolism ; Humans ; Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor ; metabolism

After 28 foreign species of AM fungi were inoculated in sterilized soil, the effects of the AM mycorrhizal colonization and the medicine quality of Paris polyphylla var. yunnanensis were observed by combination of inoculation test in pot at room temperature and instrumental analysis. The results showed that, compared with control group (CK), the inoculation of foreign AM fungi in the soil influenced the spore density, mycorrhizal infection rate, and colonization intensity of AM fungi in root system of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis. The inoculation of foreign AM fungi enhanced the mycorrhiza viability of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis by increasing the activity of succinic dehydrogenase (SDH) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) in intraradical hyphae. The content of single steroid saponin in rhizome of P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis showed variation after P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis was inoculated by different foreign species of AM fungi, which was beneficial for increasing the medicine quality; however, the kinds of steroid saponin showed no difference. In a degree, there was a selectivity of symbiosis between P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis and foreign AM fungi. And we found that the Claroideoglomus claroideum and Racocetra coralloidea were best foreign AM fungi species for cultivating P. polyphylla var. yunnanensis under field condition.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; analysis ; Fungi ; classification ; growth & development ; Liliaceae ; chemistry ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Mycorrhizae ; classification ; growth & development ; Plant Roots ; chemistry ; growth & development ; microbiology ; Quality Control

Nuclear magnetic resonance (1H-NMR) fingerprint of Rhodiola rosea medicinal materials was established, and used to distinguish the quality of raw materials from different sources. Pulse sequence for water peak inhibition was employed to acquire 1H-NMR spectra with the temperature at 298 K and spectrometer frequency of 400.13 MHz. Through subsection integral method, the obtained NMR data was subjected to similarity analysis and principal component analysis (PCA). 10 batches raw materials of Rhodiola rosea from different origins were successfully distinguished by PCA. The statistical results indicated that rhodiola glucoside, butyl alcohol, maleic acid and alanine were the main differential ingredients. This method provides an auxiliary method of Chinese quality approach to evaluate the quality of Rhodiola crenulata without using natural reference substances.
Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; methods ; Principal Component Analysis ; Rhizome ; chemistry ; Rhodiola ; chemistry

Objective To evaluate the influence of epimeric glycyrrhizic acid on production of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the lungs induced by ischemia-reperfusion(I/R) injury.Methods Twenty healthy long-ear white rabbits of both sexes, weighing 1.1-2.1kg were randomly divided into 2 groups: group I I/R alone ( n = 10) and group II I/R + epimeric glycyrrhizic acid (n = 10). The animals were anesthetized with thiopental 25 mg?kg-1 and tracheotomized and mechanically ventilated (FiO2 = 100% , VT = 10-13 ml?kg, RR = 20-30 bpm, I:E= 1: 1.2). Anesthesia was maintained with fentanyl, thiopental and vecuronium. Femoral artery was cannulated for continuous direct BP monitoring. MAP was maintained at 70-90 mm Hg during experiment. Right interval jugular vein was cannulated. Catheter was inserted into right atrium for fluid administration, blood sampling and right atrial pressure monitoring. Chest was opened and the hilum of right lung was mass-ligated to induce ischemia for 60 min and then released for reperfusion for 60 min. Epimeric glycyrrhizic acid 30 mg?kg-1 was given iv 30 min before ischemia of the right lung. Blood samples were taken from right atrium and femoral artery for determination of ET-1 concentration before ischemia of right lung (T0) and 1 and 5 min after right lung started being perfused (T1 , T2). At the end of 60 min reperfusion of the right lung, the animals were sacrificed and lungs (right and left) were removed for electron microscopic examination. Results In group 1 at T, the ET-1 levels in the blood from both femoral artery and right atrium were significantly higher than the baseline (T0) and the ET-1 concentration in the blood from femoral artery was significantly higher than that from right atrium. In group II there was no significant difference in blood ET-1 concentration between T0 and T, .Conclusion Ischemia-reperfusion induces increased production of ET-1 in the injured lung. Epimeric glycyrrhizic acid can inhibit the increase in the production of ET-1 in the induced by I/R.