The prevalence of violence behavior in patients with schizophrenia is higher than that in common population. Data suggest that genetic factors may play a substantial role for the etiology of the behavior. Among the particular gene polymorphisms that have been considered to be involved in violence behavior, the catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene had been the focus of recent research. This article reviews the association research between COMT gene and violence behavior in patients with schizophrenia in several aspects: SNP polymorphism of COMT Val158Met and COMT Ala72Ser, haplotype of COMT gene and DNA methylation of promoter region of COMT gene. The genetic research direction is presented for patients with schizophrenia.
Aggression ; Catechol O-Methyltransferase/genetics* ; Haplotypes ; Humans ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Schizophrenia/genetics* ; Violence

Objective To improve the diagnosis and management of neurogenic bladder disorder after radical operation for rectal cancer. Methods 23 paticnts with neurogenic bladder disodrer after surgery for rectal cancer underwent urodynamic examination to establish the diagnosis, and received treatment according to the findings. The results of treatment were observed.Results After management, 22 patients regained normal urination , and one case of urinary incontinence did not return to normal urination at follow-up 6 months later. Conclusions Patients with neurogenic bladder disorder after radical operation for rectal cancer should take the urodynamic examimation and given symtomatic management according to the urodynamic examination.

Objective To compare the differences between state-owned hospitals and private-funded hospitals in Shanghai on the introduction and application of hospital marketing conception. Methods Questionnaire and interviews were conducted to reflect understandings in marketing conception,advertisements,hospital brand,customers' sense of satisfaction,etc. Results State-owned hospitals were less concerned in marketing conception compared with their private counterparts,even less sufficient in marketing input or management. Conclusion The state-owned hospitals should update their conception and enhance their ability of marketing management.While the private hospitals need to maintain the moderation of marketing and deal with the relationship among marketing,profit and development properly.

Objective:To improve the quality standard for Kangshiming mixtures. Methods:The identification of Angelicae Sinen-sis Radix, Astragali Radix and Phellodendri Chinensis Cortex was carried out by TLC. The contents of puerarin and paeoniflorin in the preparations were determined by HPLC. Results:The spots displayed in TLC were clear without interference from the negative control. The linear range for puerarin was 1. 64-49. 20μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 9) and 4. 22-63. 30μg·ml-1(r=0. 999 6) for paeoniflorin. The average recovery was 99. 63%(RSD=2. 14%,n=9) and 99. 05%(RSD=2. 70%,n=9) for puerarin and paeoniflorin, respectively. Conclusion:The method is accurate, reliable and specific, and can be used in the quality control of Kangshiming mixtures.

Objective To explore the protective effects of polysaccharide from Panax japonicus on free fatty acid in different parts of hepatic cell injury. Methods Polysaccharide of Panax japonicus was prepared through different concentrations of ethanol precipitation and was named as 30%polysaccharide component (pc), 60% pc and 90% pc. Palmitic acid (PA) was used to induce a cellular model of steatosis in HepG2 cells in order to screen the intervention viability of polysaccharide of Panax japonicus. MTT method was used to detect cell viability, and Oil Red O staining was used to demonstrate steatosis. Total RNA was extracted to detect the expression level of the relevant genes. Results MTT results showed that the 30% pc significantly increased cell viability compared with the model group;Oil Red O staining showed that the number of intracellular lipid droplets was significantly reduced in the 30% pc compared with the model group;RT-PCR results showed that expressions of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-related gene glucoese-regulated protein, CCAAT enhancer binding protein homologous protein and TNF-αwere significantly lower in the 30% pc compared with the model group, and there was no significant difference compared with normal control group. Conclusion The 30%ethanol precipitation fraction of polysaccharide from Panax japonicus significantly reduced PA-induced steatosis in HepG2 cells. Its mechanism was possibly realized through intervention in endoplasmic reticulum stress-related response.

OBJECTIVETo observe the effects of prenatal exposure to lead on nephroblastoma over-expressed gene (NOV) protein and mRNA expression in hippocampus of rats' offspring, and to explore the molecular mechanism of lead on learning and memory.

METHODSThe pregnant rats were divided into 1 control group and 3 lead expose groups randomly: low( 125 mg/L), middle (250 mg/L) and high (500 mg/L). 8 rats in each group. From pregnancy ld until birth, the rats were given double evaporated water or lead acetate water of different doses according to their groups. The samples of descendants were taken on embryo 18 th day, postnatal 1st day, 21st day, 60th day. The contents of lead in blood and hippocampus were determined by hydride generation atomic absorption spectrometry method. The expression of NOV protein and mRNA in hippocampus were observed by immunohistochemistry and in situ hybridization.

RESULTSThe lead contents of blood [(312.46 +/- 43.55), (419.35 +/- 62.25), (541.45 +/- 47.90) microg/L] and hippocampus[(2.10 +/- 0.18), (2.58 +/- 0.12), (3.41 +/- 0.23) microg/L] were significantly higher in lead exposed groups than that of control [(214.31 +/- 40.77), (0.76 +/- 0.13) microg/L] (P < 0.05) on the embryo 18th, 1st and 21 st day, while there was no significantly difference among them on 60 th day. The expression of NOV protein in all lead exposed groups were significantly decreased compared with control group (P < 0.05) on 1st and 21 st day, while there was no significantly difference among them on 60th day. The expression of NOV mRNA of all the lead exposed groups were significantly decreased compared with control group (P < 0.05) on the embryo 18th, 1st and 21st day, while there was significantly difference only in the high dose group (0.0355 +/- 0.0100) compared with control (0.0900 +/- 0.0200) (P < 0.01) on 60th day.

CONCLUSIONPregnancy low level lead exposure could decrease the NOV protein and mRNA expression in hippocampus of offspring, which might be one of the molecular mechanisms of effect of lead on learning and memory.

Animals ; Female ; Gene Expression ; Hippocampus ; metabolism ; Lead ; adverse effects ; blood ; Nephroblastoma Overexpressed Protein ; genetics ; metabolism ; Pregnancy ; Prenatal Exposure Delayed Effects ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

BACKGROUNDTo characterize the intertype epitopes on human adenovirus (HAdV) hexon.

METHODSBased on computerized analysis on adenoviruses sequence of genomic alignment, antigenicity prediction and 3-D structure characteristics of hexon subunit, several peptides of hexon of adenoviruses were chosen to be synthesized or recombinant proteins of the hexon were expressed in E. coli by use of PGEX-5X. To identify the existence of intertype epitopes, the antisera raised with synthetic peptides or purified recombinant proteins were analyzed with Western blot and immunofluorescent assay.

RESULTSThe results of Western blot indicated that both peptide and recombinant antibodies showed specific reactivities with hexons of HADv-3, 4, 7 individually. Meanwhile, typical stain of immunofluorescence was found on HeLa cells infected with these HAdV by incubation with peptide as well as recombinant antibodies. Also, antibodies raised against peptide recognized the recombinant hexon protein in which a corresponding region of peptides was covered.

CONCLUSIONSMost of the predicted intertype epitopes of HAdV hexon wer e exclusively found in synthetic peptides and recombinant proteins. These intertype epitopes showed to be continuous and sequential which could be employed for development of antibodies of diagnostic use.

Adenoviruses, Human ; immunology ; Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Capsid ; chemistry ; immunology ; Capsid Proteins ; immunology ; Epitopes ; immunology ; HeLa Cells ; Humans ; Mice ; Peptide Fragments ; immunology

Objective To investigate the clinical features and LRRK2 gene mutation in patients with autosomal dominant familial Parkinson's disease (PD). Methods The clinical features of 16 autosomal dominant familial PD probands were analyzed in terms of age at onset, onset symptoms, UPDRS scores, response to the levodopa treatment and drug-induced dyskinesia. The LRRK2 gene exons 5,13,31,32,35,37,41 and 48 of 16 probands were sequenced after polymerase chain reaction. The novel mutation was further screened in 24D sporadic PD patients and 214 controls using PCR-RFLP for the genotypo frequency analysis. Results Clinically, most of 16 probands had late-onset age. Resting tremor (9patients, 56. 25%,t=0.558,P=0.679)and bradykinesia (9 patients,56.25%,t=0.369,P=0.454)were common onset symptoms followed by rigidity(6 patients,37.50%,t=1.324,P=0.735)and postural instability(5 patients,31.25%,t=2.369,P=0.956).Majority of them had good response to levedopa treatment and rare occurrence of drug-induced dyskinesia. Among the 16 autosomal dominant familial PD probands,6 variants were identified:c.457 T＞C(Leu153Leu),c.1432 G＞T(Asp478Tyr),c.5457 T＞C(Gly1819Gly),c.7153 G＞A(Gly2385Arg),IVS31+28 T＞G and IVS37+162 T＞C. The c.1432G＞T(Asp478Tyr)variant was a novel mutation and it was not detected in 240 sporadic PD patients and 214 controls. The reported mutations associated with the PD, such as Arg1441 Cys/Gly/His, Arg1514Gln, Tyr1699Cys, Ile2012Thr, Gly2019Ser and Ile2020Thr,were not found in our study. Conclusions The autosomal dominant familial PD patients present with classical symptoms of PD and bear the LRRK2 variantsAsp478Tyr and Gly2385Arg.

Objective:To bring the teaching quality assessment to a full play and enhance the monitoring of teaching procedure by comparing and analyzing the teaching quality assessment by college students and teaching supervisors.Method:To select the teaching quality scores of 80 person-times by students and teaching supervisors in Second Military Medical Universities from March to April in 2007 as samples and to apply Kappa statistics to evaluate the identity of the assessment by students and supervisors.Results:The Kappa value is lower than 0.4,showing that the teaching quality assessments by students and supervisors are not very identical.Conclusion:Taking effective measures to improve the reliability,validity and correctness of teaching assessment is especially necessary.

Objective To discuss the protection mechanism of total saponins from Panax japonicus on acute hepatic injury induced by carbon tetrachloride. Methods HepG2 cells were used to establish CCl4-induced liver cell injury model in vitro experiments. Mouse model of acute liver injury was caused by 1%CCl4 oil on Balb/c. Mice were randomly divided into normal group, model group and medicine group. Mice in the medicine group were given a gavage with 20 mL/kg total saponins from Panax japonicus, while mice in the other two groups were given a gavage with the same amount of stroke-physiological saline solution. MTT method was used to detect the activity of hepatic cells. The pathological changes of mouse liver were examined by HE staining. RT-PCR was used to detect changes in the expression of transforming growth TGF-β, TNF-α, and TLR4 mRNA. Results Compared with normal group, less hepatic cells survived in model group (P<0.01);compared with model group, more hepatic cells survived in medicine group (P<0.01). HE staining showed that damages in liver tissues of medicine group significantly improved than those in model group. RT-PCR results showed that the levels of TGF-β, TNF-α, and expression of TLR4 mRNA increased more significantly than those in model group;the expression of TGF-β, TNF-α, and TLR4 mRNA in medicine group decreased more significantly than those in model group, with statistical significance (P<0.01). Conclusion The total saponins from Panax japonicus has a protective effect on liver injury induced by carbon tetrachloride.